los
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English lusk, from Old English lox, from Proto-West Germanic *luhs, from Proto-Germanic *luhsaz. Cognate with Scots los, Saterland Frisian Luks, Low German Luks, Dutch los, German Luchs, Luxembourgish Luuss.
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /lɒs/
- (General American) IPA(key): /lɑs/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɒs
- Homophone: loss
Noun edit
los (plural loses)
- (obsolete) A medium-sized wildcat, most of them part of the genus Lynx.
- Synonym: lynx
- The los had been brought from a northern part of the United States.
- 1592, Thomas Thomasius, Thomae Thomasii Dictionarium tertio ... emendatum ... et longe auctius ... redditum.:
- A beaſt like unto a wolfe having many ſpottes, and being exceeding quicke of ſight: a wolfe like an hart, a Los or Lynx.
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle English los, from Old English los, from Proto-Germanic *lusą, from Proto-Indo-European *lews-.
Noun edit
los (plural loses)
- Obsolete form of loss.
- 1673, [Joseph Hill], The Interest Of theſe United Provinces. Being a Defence of the Zeelanders Choice […], Middelburg: Printed by Thomas Berry, page [75]:
- If we come under France, we have not onely Spaine our enimie by Sea and Land (as we have ſhewne) but the los of our Spaniſh Trade, and the hazarding of our whole Levant Traffick: And if we rightly calculate, that amounts to no ſmall part of our Commerce.
Anagrams edit
Afrikaans edit
Etymology edit
Verb edit
los (present los, present participle losende, past participle gelos)
Aragonese edit
Etymology edit
From Latin illos (“those ones”).
Pronoun edit
los
- them (masculine direct object)
Synonyms edit
Asturian edit
Etymology edit
Article edit
los m pl (masculine sg el, feminine sg la, neuter sg lo, feminine plural les)
- (definite) the
Catalan edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Latin illōs; cf. els.
Pronoun edit
los (enclitic, contracted 'ls, proclitic els)
- them (masculine, direct or indirect object)
- perdoneu-los ― forgive them
- doneu-los una moneda ― give them a coin
- them (feminine, indirect object only)
- digueu-los la veritat ― tell them the truth
Usage notes edit
- -los is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with a consonant or ⟨u⟩.
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Latin illōs, from ille.
Article edit
los m pl
Czech edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ȏlsь, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁el-.[1][2] Cognate with English elk, German Elch.
Noun edit
los m anim
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from German Los,[3][4] from Middle High German lōz, from Old High German hlōz, from Proto-West Germanic *hlaut, from Proto-Germanic *hlautaz, ablaut variant of *hlutą.
Noun edit
los m inan
Declension edit
References edit
- ^ "los¹" in Jiří Rejzek, Český etymologický slovník, electronic version, Leda, 2007
- ^ Machek, Václav (1968), “1° los 1°”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka českého [Etymological Dictionary of the Czech Language], 2nd edition, Prague: Academia
- ^ "los²" in Jiří Rejzek, Český etymologický slovník, electronic version, Leda, 2007
- ^ Machek, Václav (1968), “2° los 2°”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka českého [Etymological Dictionary of the Czech Language], 2nd edition, Prague: Academia
Further reading edit
Danish edit
Etymology 1 edit
Adjective edit
los
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle Low German los.
Noun edit
los c (singular definite lossen, plural indefinite losser)
Inflection edit
Etymology 3 edit
Derived from verb losse, itself from Middle Low German lossen.
Noun edit
los n (singular definite losset, plural indefinite los)
Inflection edit
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Dutch los, from Old Dutch *los, from Proto-West Germanic *lus (a-stem), from Proto-Germanic *lusaz. Cognate with Ripuarian Central Franconian loss, Luxembourgish lass, lues. Related with Dutch loos, the cognate of German los, lose, English loose.
Adjective edit
los (comparative losser, superlative meest los or lost)
- loose
- De losse kleding zat comfortabel.
- The loose clothing was comfortable.
- Zorg ervoor dat de schroeven goed vastzitten en niet los zijn.
- Make sure the screws are tightly fastened and not loose.
- Het kind hield de ballon stevig vast zodat hij niet los zou vliegen.
- The child held the balloon tightly so that it wouldn't fly loose.
- separate, individual
- Dit product is niet bestemd voor losse verkoop.
- This product is not intended to be sold individually.
Inflection edit
Inflection of los | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
uninflected | los | |||
inflected | losse | |||
comparative | losser | |||
positive | comparative | superlative | ||
predicative/adverbial | los | losser | het lost het loste | |
indefinite | m./f. sing. | losse | lossere | loste |
n. sing. | los | losser | loste | |
plural | losse | lossere | loste | |
definite | losse | lossere | loste | |
partitive | los | lossers | — |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Verb edit
los
- inflection of lossen:
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle Dutch los, from Old Dutch *los, from Proto-Germanic *luhsuz, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“light, to shine”) or from a substrate language.[1]
Cognate with Old Saxon lohs, Old High German luhs, Old English lox, from a similar Germanic form also Swedish lodjur. Cognates outside Germanic include Ancient Greek λύγξ (lúnx), Lithuanian lūšis, Old Church Slavonic рꙑсь (rysĭ), Old Irish lug, Old Armenian լուսանունք (lusanunkʿ).
Noun edit
los m (plural lossen, diminutive losje n)
- (dated) lynx (specifically the Eurasian lynx, Lynx lynx)
- Synonym: lynx
Alternative forms edit
- losch (obsolete)
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009), “lynx”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
Anagrams edit
Dutch Low Saxon edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Low German and Old Saxon lōs, from Proto-West Germanic *laus, cognate with Dutch los and English loose.
Pronunciation edit
- Rhymes: -ɔs
Adjective edit
los
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old French los, from Latin laus, probably via the nominative singular form.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
los m (plural los)
Related terms edit
References edit
- “los”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
- ^ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “laus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 5: J L, page 211
German edit
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /loːs/ (standard)
- IPA(key): /lɔs/ (regionally; chiefly as interjection or when meaning “going on”)
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle High German and Old High German lōs. Compare English loose.
Adjective edit
los (strong nominative masculine singular loser, comparative loser, superlative am losesten)
- (colloquial or dated) Alternative form of lose (“loose”)
Adverb edit
los (only used in combination with a verb)
- rid of, free of
- Ich bin meine Erkältung los. ― I've gotten rid of my cold.
- off, out, used to indicate leaving motion.
- Morgen fahren wir los. ― Tomorrow we head out.
- Ich muss los. ― I have to go.
- going on
- Hier ist einiges los. ― There's a lot going on here.
- Was ist los? ― What's going on? / What's up? / What's wrong?
- (colloquial, regional, Westphalia, Lower Saxony) open
- Die Tür stand los. ― The door stood open.
Interjection edit
los
- come on!, let's go!
- Los! An die Arbeit! ― Come on! Let's get to work!
- (motor racing) Go!
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
los
Indonesian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Shortening from losmen (“hostel”).
Noun edit
los (first-person possessive losku, second-person possessive losmu, third-person possessive losnya)
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
los (first-person possessive losku, second-person possessive losmu, third-person possessive losnya)
Etymology 3 edit
Adjective edit
los
- (colloquial) loose, free
Further reading edit
- “los” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Interlingua edit
Pronoun edit
los
Ladino edit
Etymology edit
Article edit
los (singular el, feminine las)
- the (masculine plural)
Masurian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish los.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
los m inan
- fate (presumed cause, force, principle, or divine will that predetermines events)
- fate (effect, consequence, outcome, or inevitable events predetermined by this cause)
- lottery ticket
Further reading edit
Mauritian Creole edit
Etymology edit
From French loche (dialectal).
Noun edit
los
References edit
- Baker, Philip & Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. (1987). Dictionnaire de créole mauricien. Morisyen – English – Français
Middle Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Old Dutch *los, from Proto-West Germanic *laus (“loose, free”).
Adjective edit
los
Inflection edit
Adjective | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | ||
Nominative | Indefinite | los | losse | los | losse |
Definite | losse | losse | |||
Accusative | Indefinite | lossen | losse | los | losse |
Definite | losse | ||||
Genitive | loss | losser | loss | losser | |
Dative | lossen | losser | lossen | lossen |
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- “los”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “los (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
Middle English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old English los.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
los (uncountable)
Descendants edit
References edit
- “lō̆s, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
Borrowing from Low German lots (short form of lotsman); compare with German Lotse.
Noun edit
los m (definite singular losen, indefinite plural loser, definite plural losene)
References edit
- “los” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
los m (definite singular losen, indefinite plural losar, definite plural losane)
- Alternative spelling of lós
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
- Homophones: lòs, lås
Noun edit
los n (definite singular loset, indefinite plural los, definite plural losa)
- Alternative spelling of lòs
Occitan edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Article edit
los (singular lo, feminine la, feminine plural las)
- the; masculine plural definite article
Old English edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *lusą (“loss”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewHs- (“to cut loose; sever; lose”). Cognate with Old Norse los (“looseness; breaking up”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
los n (nominative plural los)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Old French edit
Etymology edit
See the verb loer (“to laud”).
Noun edit
los oblique singular, m (oblique plural los, nominative singular los, nominative plural los)
- glory; positive reputation
Descendants edit
- French: los
Old High German edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *laus, see also Old English lēas, Old Norse lauss.
Adjective edit
lōs
Old Polish edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Old High German hlōz. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
los m inan (related adjective losowy)
- lot (thing used for determining chances)
- 1930 [Fifteenth century], “Num”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)[1], 33, 54:
- Wyøczsim daycze szirsze a mnyeysim wøssze, wszitkim iakos los przipadnye (ut sors ceciderit)
- [Więcszym dajcie szyrsze a mniejszym węższe. Wszytkim jakoż los przypadnie (ut sors ceciderit)]
- 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Latin-Polish-German Florian Psalter][2], Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 21, 19:
- Rozdzelili sobe odzene moie y na odzew moy pusczili loos (super vestem meam miserunt sortem)
- [Rozdzielili sobie odzienie moje i na odziew moj puścili los (super vestem meam miserunt sortem)]
- drawing lots (act of determining using lots)
- 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Latin-Polish-German Florian Psalter][3], Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 77, 60:
- Y wirzuczil od oblicza gich pogani, y losem rozdzelil gim zemø (sorte divisit eis terram)
- [Y wyrzucił od oblicza jich pogany, i losem rozdzielił jim ziemię (sorte divisit eis terram)]
Descendants edit
References edit
- Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “los”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “los”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
- Mańczak, Witold (2017), “los”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “los”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “los”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish los. Doublet of lotto.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
los m inan (related adjective losowy)
- (uncountable) fate (presumed cause, force, principle, or divine will that predetermines events)
- (countable) fate (effect, consequence, outcome, or inevitable events predetermined by this cause)
- Synonym: dola
- (countable) fate (event or a situation which is inevitable in the fullness of time; destiny)
- Synonym: przeznaczenie
- (countable) lot (slip of paper, or less often a die or ball, used in determining a question by chance, or without human choice or will)
- lottery ticket
- (Middle Polish) gambling
- Synonym: hazard
- (Middle Polish, figuratively) trick, ploy, ruse (action intended to deceive or swindle)
- Synonym: sztuczka
- (Middle Polish) cut, inheritance, property received by lot
- (Middle Polish) person of dialogue
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
- (obsolete) losem
- na los szczęścia
- losować impf
- kusić los impf
- los zadrwił pf, los drwi impf
- pozostawić własnemu losowi pf, pozostawiać własnemu losowi impf
- wygrać los na loterii pf, wygrywać los na loterii impf
- wyzwać los pf, wyzywać los impf
- zostać na łasce losu pf, zostawać na łasce losu impf
- zostawić na pastwę losu pf, zostawiać na pastwę losu impf
Trivia edit
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), los is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 11 times in scientific texts, 7 times in news, 16 times in essays, 22 times in fiction, and 15 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 71 times, making it the 907th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References edit
Further reading edit
- los in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- los in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- “los”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish], 2010-2023
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “los”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “los”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “los”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 764
Portuguese edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
los
- Alternative form of os (third-person masculine plural objective pronoun) used as an enclitic and mesoclitic following a verb form ending in a consonant (-z, -r and -s, but not -m); the consonant is elided and the preceding vowel takes an accent if necessary
Scots edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English losse, from Old English lox, from Proto-West Germanic *luhs, from Proto-Germanic *luhsaz. Cognate with English los, Saterland Frisian Luks, Low German Luks, Dutch los, German Luchs, Luxembourgish Luuss.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
los (plural loses)
References edit
- “los, n.” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.
Scottish Gaelic edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Irish los, from Proto-Celtic *lustā, from the Proto-Indo-European root *lew- (“to divide, to split”). Cognate with Welsh llost.
Noun edit
los m (genitive singular lois)
Derived terms edit
- a los (“in order to”)
- air los (“for the purpose of; in search of”)
- an los (“in the intention of; bent on”)
- d' aon los (“intentional”)
- fo los (“under the control of”)
- los-leathann (“beaver”)
Etymology 2 edit
Shortening of a los.
Conjunction edit
los
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ȏlsь.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
lȍs m (Cyrillic spelling ло̏с)
Declension edit
Further reading edit
- “los” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Silesian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish los.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
los m inan
- fate (presumed cause, force, principle, or divine will that predetermines events)
- lot (slip of paper used in determining a question by chance, or without human choice or will)
Declension edit
Further reading edit
- los in silling.org
- Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022), “los”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 93
Slovene edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *olsь.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
lọ̑s m anim
Inflection edit
Masculine anim., hard o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | lós | ||
gen. sing. | lósa | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
lós | lósa | lósi |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
lósa | lósov | lósov |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
lósu | lósoma | lósom |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
lósa | lósa | lóse |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
lósu | lósih | lósih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
lósom | lósoma | lósi |
Further reading edit
- “los”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Spanish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Latin illōs accusative plural masculine of ille.
Article edit
los m pl
- the
- ¿Qué hacen los muchachos?
- What do the boys do?
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronoun edit
los
- accusative of ellos and ustedes (when referring to more than one man); them, you all (formal)
- plural masculine or neuter pronoun
- los que no hablan
- those who do not speak
See also edit
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | yo | me | mí1 | |||
plural | masculine2 | nosotros | nos | nosotros | |||
feminine | nosotras | nosotras | |||||
second person | singular | tuteo | tú | te | ti1 | ||
voseo | vos | vos | |||||
formal3 | usted | le, se4 | lo/la5 | usted | |||
plural | familiar6 | masculine2 | vosotros | os | vosotros | ||
feminine | vosotras | vosotras | |||||
formal/general3 | ustedes | les, se4 | los/las5 | ustedes | |||
third person | singular | masculine2 | él | le, se4 | lo | él | |
feminine | ella | la | ella | ||||
neuter | ello7 | lo | ello | ||||
plural | masculine2 | ellos | les, se4 | los | ellos | ||
feminine | ellas | las | ellas | ||||
reflexive | — | se | sí1 |
- Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
- Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
- Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
- If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
- Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
- Used primarily in Spain
- Used only in rare circumstances
Anagrams edit
Swedish edit
Noun edit
los
Anagrams edit
White Hmong edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Hmong-Mien *ləwX (“to come back”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
los
Derived terms edit
- los nag (“to rain”, literally “come rain”)
References edit
- ^ Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN, page 276.
Zazaki edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
los (genitive singular losi)