वज्र
Sanskrit
editAlternative forms
editAlternative scripts
- ৱজ্ৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬯᬚ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
- বজ্র (Bengali script)
- 𑰪𑰕𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- ဝဇြ (Burmese script)
- વજ્ર (Gujarati script)
- ਵਜ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌵𑌜𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦮꦗꦿ (Javanese script)
- 𑂫𑂔𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ವಜ್ರ (Kannada script)
- វជ្រ (Khmer script)
- ວຊ຺ຣ (Lao script)
- വജ്ര (Malayalam script)
- ᠸᠠᡯᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘪𑘕𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠸᠠᠽᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧊𑦵𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐰𑐖𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଵଜ୍ର (Odia script)
- ꢮꢙ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆮𑆘𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖪𑖕𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
- වජ්ර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩾𑩣 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚦𑚑𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
- வஜ்ர (Tamil script)
- వజ్ర (Telugu script)
- วชฺร (Thai script)
- ཝ་ཛྲ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒫𑒖𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨭𑨥𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Indo-Aryan *wáȷ́ras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wáȷ́ras, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“strong, lively”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬰𐬭𐬀 (vazra, “mace; main weapon of Mithra”), Persian گرز (“club, mace”), Northern Sami: veahčir (“hammer”), Erzya: узере (uźeŕe, “axe”). Compare also Old Armenian վարզ (varz, “mace”), an Iranian borrowing.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editवज्र • (vájra) stem, m (root वज्)
- (also n) "the hard or mighty one", a thunderbolt
- especially that of Indra, said to have been formed out of the bones of the rishi दधीच (dadhīca) or दधीचि (dadhīci), and shaped like a circular discus, or in later times regarded as having the form of two transverse bolts crossing each other thus x
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.55.1:
- दि॒वश्चि॑दस्य वरि॒मा वि प॑प्रथ॒ इन्द्रं॒ न म॒ह्ना पृ॑थि॒वी च॒न प्रति॑।
भी॒मस्तुवि॑ष्माञ्चर्ष॒णिभ्य॑ आत॒पः शिशी॑ते॒ वज्रं॒ तेज॑से॒ न वंस॑गः॥- diváścidasya varimā́ ví papratha índraṃ ná mahnā́ pṛthivī́ caná práti.
bhīmástúviṣmāñcarṣaṇíbhya ātapáḥ śíśīte vájraṃ téjase ná váṃsagaḥ. - His expansion spreads out even beyond heaven; not even the earth is the counterpart to Indra in greatness.
Fearsome and mighty, a scorching firebrand for the settled domains, he hones his vajra, like a buffalo its horn, to be piercingly sharp.
- diváścidasya varimā́ ví papratha índraṃ ná mahnā́ pṛthivī́ caná práti.
- दि॒वश्चि॑दस्य वरि॒मा वि प॑प्रथ॒ इन्द्रं॒ न म॒ह्ना पृ॑थि॒वी च॒न प्रति॑।
- sometimes also applied to similar weapons used by various gods or superhuman beings, or to any mythical weapon destructive of spells or charms, also to मन्यु (manyu, “wrath”), RV. or [with अपाम् (apām)] to a jet of water AV. etc.
- also applied to a thunderbolt in general, or to the lightning evolved from the centrifugal energy of the circular thunderbolt of Indra when launched at a foe
- in Northern Buddhist countries, it is shaped like a dumbbell and called Dorje (MWB. 201, 322 etc.; RV. etc.)
- especially that of Indra, said to have been formed out of the bones of the rishi दधीच (dadhīca) or दधीचि (dadhīci), and shaped like a circular discus, or in later times regarded as having the form of two transverse bolts crossing each other thus x
- a diamond (thought to be as hard as the thunderbolt or of the same substance with it), (ShaḍvBr., Mn., MBh. etc.)
- a kind of talc (L.)
- a kind of penance (feeding for a month on only barley prepared with cow's urine) (L.)
- sour gruel (W.)
- a form of military array (Mn., MBh., etc.) (compare वज्रव्यूह (vajra-vyūha))
- a kind of column or pillar (VarBṛS.)
- a particular form of the moon (ib.)
- a particular एकाह (ekāha) (Vait.)
- a kind of hard mortar or cement (कल्क (kalka)) (VarBṛS.) (compare वज्रलेप (vajra-lepa))
- name of the 15th of the 27 yogas or astronomical divisions of time (ib.)
- a particular soma ceremony (ShaḍvBr.)
- Euphorbia antiquorum and another species (L.)
- Astera (L.)
- name of a mountain (R.)
- name of an asura (Vīrac.)
- name of a son of अनिरुद्ध (aniruddha) (MBh., Hariv., Pur.)
- name of a son of विश्वामित्र (viśvāmitra) (MBh.)
- name of a son of Manu Sāvarṇa (Hariv.)
- (Jainism) of one of the 10 dala-pūrvins (L.)
- name of a rishi (VarBṛS.) (compare वात्स्य (vātsya))
- name of a minister of नरेन्द्रादित्य (narendrāditya) (Rājat.)
- name of a son of भूति (bhūti) (ib.)
- name of a heretical king (Buddh.)
Declension
editMasculine a-stem declension of वज्र (vájra) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | वज्रः vájraḥ |
वज्रौ / वज्रा¹ vájrau / vájrā¹ |
वज्राः / वज्रासः¹ vájrāḥ / vájrāsaḥ¹ |
Vocative | वज्र vájra |
वज्रौ / वज्रा¹ vájrau / vájrā¹ |
वज्राः / वज्रासः¹ vájrāḥ / vájrāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | वज्रम् vájram |
वज्रौ / वज्रा¹ vájrau / vájrā¹ |
वज्रान् vájrān |
Instrumental | वज्रेण vájreṇa |
वज्राभ्याम् vájrābhyām |
वज्रैः / वज्रेभिः¹ vájraiḥ / vájrebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | वज्राय vájrāya |
वज्राभ्याम् vájrābhyām |
वज्रेभ्यः vájrebhyaḥ |
Ablative | वज्रात् vájrāt |
वज्राभ्याम् vájrābhyām |
वज्रेभ्यः vájrebhyaḥ |
Genitive | वज्रस्य vájrasya |
वज्रयोः vájrayoḥ |
वज्राणाम् vájrāṇām |
Locative | वज्रे vájre |
वज्रयोः vájrayoḥ |
वज्रेषु vájreṣu |
Notes |
|
Derived terms
edit- वज्रपाणि (vajrapāṇi)
- वज्रसत्त्व (vajrasattva)
- वज्रयान (vajrayāna)
- वज्रयोगिनी (vajrayoginī)
- वज्राङ्गबलि (vajrāṅgabali)
Noun
editवज्र • (vájra) stem, n
- denunciation in strong language (compared to thunder) (R., Sāh., Pratāp.) (compare वाक्यवज्र (vākya-vajra) and वाग्वज्र (vāg-vajra))
- a kind of hard iron or steel (L.)
- a particular posture in sitting (Cat.) (compare वज्रासन (vajrā*sana))
- name of a particular configurations of the planets and stars (in which favourable planets are situated in the 1st and 7th houses and unfavourable in the 4th and 10th) (VarBṛS.)
- myrobalan (L.)
- the blossom of the sesamum or of any plant called vajra (L.)
- vetiver, Chrysopogon zizanioides, formerly Andropogon muricatus (L.)
- = बालक (bālaka), a child, pupil (L.)
Declension
editNeuter a-stem declension of वज्र (vájra) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | वज्रम् vájram |
वज्रे vájre |
वज्राणि / वज्रा¹ vájrāṇi / vájrā¹ |
Vocative | वज्र vájra |
वज्रे vájre |
वज्राणि / वज्रा¹ vájrāṇi / vájrā¹ |
Accusative | वज्रम् vájram |
वज्रे vájre |
वज्राणि / वज्रा¹ vájrāṇi / vájrā¹ |
Instrumental | वज्रेण vájreṇa |
वज्राभ्याम् vájrābhyām |
वज्रैः / वज्रेभिः¹ vájraiḥ / vájrebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | वज्राय vájrāya |
वज्राभ्याम् vájrābhyām |
वज्रेभ्यः vájrebhyaḥ |
Ablative | वज्रात् vájrāt |
वज्राभ्याम् vájrābhyām |
वज्रेभ्यः vájrebhyaḥ |
Genitive | वज्रस्य vájrasya |
वज्रयोः vájrayoḥ |
वज्राणाम् vájrāṇām |
Locative | वज्रे vájre |
वज्रयोः vájrayoḥ |
वज्रेषु vájreṣu |
Notes |
|
Adjective
editवज्र • (vájra)
- adamantine, hard, impenetrable (W.)
- shaped like a kind of cross (compare above ), forked, zigzag (ib.)
Declension
editMasculine a-stem declension of वज्र (vájra) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | वज्रः vájraḥ |
वज्रौ / वज्रा¹ vájrau / vájrā¹ |
वज्राः / वज्रासः¹ vájrāḥ / vájrāsaḥ¹ |
Vocative | वज्र vájra |
वज्रौ / वज्रा¹ vájrau / vájrā¹ |
वज्राः / वज्रासः¹ vájrāḥ / vájrāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | वज्रम् vájram |
वज्रौ / वज्रा¹ vájrau / vájrā¹ |
वज्रान् vájrān |
Instrumental | वज्रेण vájreṇa |
वज्राभ्याम् vájrābhyām |
वज्रैः / वज्रेभिः¹ vájraiḥ / vájrebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | वज्राय vájrāya |
वज्राभ्याम् vájrābhyām |
वज्रेभ्यः vájrebhyaḥ |
Ablative | वज्रात् vájrāt |
वज्राभ्याम् vájrābhyām |
वज्रेभ्यः vájrebhyaḥ |
Genitive | वज्रस्य vájrasya |
वज्रयोः vájrayoḥ |
वज्राणाम् vájrāṇām |
Locative | वज्रे vájre |
वज्रयोः vájrayoḥ |
वज्रेषु vájreṣu |
Notes |
|
Feminine ā-stem declension of वज्रा (vájrā) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | वज्रा vájrā |
वज्रे vájre |
वज्राः vájrāḥ |
Vocative | वज्रे vájre |
वज्रे vájre |
वज्राः vájrāḥ |
Accusative | वज्राम् vájrām |
वज्रे vájre |
वज्राः vájrāḥ |
Instrumental | वज्रया / वज्रा¹ vájrayā / vájrā¹ |
वज्राभ्याम् vájrābhyām |
वज्राभिः vájrābhiḥ |
Dative | वज्रायै vájrāyai |
वज्राभ्याम् vájrābhyām |
वज्राभ्यः vájrābhyaḥ |
Ablative | वज्रायाः / वज्रायै² vájrāyāḥ / vájrāyai² |
वज्राभ्याम् vájrābhyām |
वज्राभ्यः vájrābhyaḥ |
Genitive | वज्रायाः / वज्रायै² vájrāyāḥ / vájrāyai² |
वज्रयोः vájrayoḥ |
वज्राणाम् vájrāṇām |
Locative | वज्रायाम् vájrāyām |
वज्रयोः vájrayoḥ |
वज्रासु vájrāsu |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of वज्र (vajrá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | वज्रम् vajrám |
वज्रे vajré |
वज्राणि / वज्रा¹ vajrā́ṇi / vajrā́¹ |
Vocative | वज्र vájra |
वज्रे vájre |
वज्राणि / वज्रा¹ vájrāṇi / vájrā¹ |
Accusative | वज्रम् vajrám |
वज्रे vajré |
वज्राणि / वज्रा¹ vajrā́ṇi / vajrā́¹ |
Instrumental | वज्रेण vajréṇa |
वज्राभ्याम् vajrā́bhyām |
वज्रैः / वज्रेभिः¹ vajraíḥ / vajrébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | वज्राय vajrā́ya |
वज्राभ्याम् vajrā́bhyām |
वज्रेभ्यः vajrébhyaḥ |
Ablative | वज्रात् vajrā́t |
वज्राभ्याम् vajrā́bhyām |
वज्रेभ्यः vajrébhyaḥ |
Genitive | वज्रस्य vajrásya |
वज्रयोः vajráyoḥ |
वज्राणाम् vajrā́ṇām |
Locative | वज्रे vajré |
वज्रयोः vajráyoḥ |
वज्रेषु vajréṣu |
Notes |
|
Descendants
edit- → Prakrit: 𑀯𑁃𑀭 (vaira)
- → Bengali: বজ্র (bôjrô) (learned)
- → English: vajra
- → Hindi: वज्र (vajra) (learned)
- → Japanese: 伐折羅, 伐闍羅, 跋折羅, 縛日羅 (basara)
- → Old Khmer: bejra
- → Kannada: ವಜ್ರ (vajra) (learned)
- → Old Javanese: bajra, braja
- → Lao: ເພັດ (phet)
- → Malayalam: വജ്രം (vajraṁ), വൈരം (vairaṁ)
- → Odia: ବଜ୍ର (båjrå) (learned)
- → Pali: vajira
- → Tamil: வைரம் (vairam)
- → Telugu: వజ్రము (vajramu)
- → Tibetan: བཇྲ (bjra, “benza”)
References
edit- Monier Williams (1899) “वज्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0913.
Categories:
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit terms belonging to the root वज्
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit masculine nouns
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns
- Sanskrit neuter nouns
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit a-stem adjectives
- sa:Gems
- sa:Foods
- sa:Military
- sa:Calendar
- sa:Spurges
- sa:Astrology
- sa:Grasses
- sa:Combretum family plants