傘

See also: 伞 and 仐

傘	U+5098, 傘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5098

← 傗
[U+5097]

CJK Unified Ideographs

備 →
[U+5099]

Translingual

Han character

傘 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+10, 12 strokes, cangjie input 人人人十 (OOOJ), four-corner 8040₈, composition ⿱人⿻十𠈌)

Derived characters

伞, 仐, 𦅮, 𬠮, 𠑋

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 113, character 20
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 966
Dae Jaweon: page 241, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 198, character 13
Unihan data for U+5098

Chinese

trad.		傘
simp.		伞
alternative forms		繖／伞𢄻伞仐𠋔繖／伞𢄻伞仐𠋔𠌂𠍘𠎃𡙘𡙫

Glyph origin

Pictogram (象形) – pictographic representation of an umbrella.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): sǎn (san³)

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄢˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): san³

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): сан (san, II)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): saan³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): lhan¹
Gan (Wiktionary): san³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sán
Jin (Wiktionary): san²
Northern Min (KCR): sǔing
Eastern Min (BUC): sāng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sòaⁿ / sàn

(Teochew, Peng'im): suan³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵se
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): san³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sǎn
  - Wade–Giles: san³
  - Yale: sǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: saan
  - Palladius: сань (sanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sän²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: san³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: san
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /san⁵³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: сан (san, II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sæ̃⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: saan³
  - Yale: saan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: saan³
  - Guangdong Romanization: san³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːn³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: lhan¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬan³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: san³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /san²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sán
  - Hakka Romanization System: san`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: san³
  - Sinological IPA: /san³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: san²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /sæ̃⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sǔing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /suiŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sòaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: suànn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: svoax
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Hui'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Kaohsiung): /suã²¹/
  - IPA (Zhangpu, Taipei): /suã¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /suã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Nan'an): /suã³¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sàn
  - Tâi-lô: sàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: saxn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /san²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /san⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangpu, Taipei): /san¹¹/

Note:

sòaⁿ - vernacular;
sàn - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: suan³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suàⁿ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /sũã²¹³/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵se
  - MiniDict: se^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²se
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /se³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: san³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /san⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: sanX

Rime
Character	傘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	蘇旱切
Baxter	sanX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɑn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/sɑn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/sɑn^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/san^X/
Li Rong	/sɑn^X/
Wang Li	/sɑn^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/sɑn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saan²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ˤarʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*saːnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	傘
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ san^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]ˁarʔ/
English	umbrella, parasol
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	傘
Reading #	1/1
No.	10966
Phonetic component	傘
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	散
Old Chinese	/*saːnʔ/
Notes	已見秦簡說文作繖

Definitions

傘

umbrella; parasol
雨傘／雨伞 ― yǔsǎn ― umbrella

陽傘／阳伞 ― yángsǎn ― parasol
umbrella-like object
菌傘／菌伞 ― jūnsǎn ― pileus
parachute
跳傘／跳伞 ― tiàosǎn ― parachute

降落傘／降落伞 ― jiàngluòsǎn ― parachute

傘兵／伞兵 ― sǎnbīng ― paratrooper; parachuter
a surname: San

Synonyms

(umbrella):

Dialectal synonyms of 傘 (“umbrella”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		蓋, 傘
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		傘
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	傘
	Taiwan	傘, 雨傘
	Ulanhot	傘
	Tongliao	傘
	Chifeng	傘
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	傘
	Harbin	傘
	Wuchang (Yingchengzi)	傘
	Shenyang	傘
	Malaysia	雨傘
	Singapore	雨傘
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	傘
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	傘
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	傘
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	傘
	Wanrong	傘
	Xi'an	傘
	Xining	傘
	Xuzhou	傘
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	傘
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	傘
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	傘
	Bayanhot	傘
	Lanzhou	傘
	Ürümqi	雨傘, 傘
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	傘, 雨傘, 撐花, 撐花兒
	Chongqing	撐花
	Wuhan	傘
	Guiyang	傘
	Kunming	傘, 撐花
	Guilin	傘
	Liuzhou	傘
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	傘
	Yangzhou	傘
	Hefei	傘, 撐桿子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	遮, 雨遮
	Hong Kong	遮, 雨遮
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	遮
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	遮
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	遮
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	遮
	Macau	遮
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	遮, 雨遮
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	遮, 雨遮
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	遮, 雨遮
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	遮, 雨遮
	Foshan	遮
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	遮
	Foshan (Shunde)	遮
	Foshan (Sanshui)	遮
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	遮
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	遮
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	遮
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	遮
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	遮
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	遮
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	遮
	Taishan	遮
	Kaiping (Chikan)	遮
	Enping (Niujiang)	遮
	Heshan (Yayao)	遮
	Dongguan	遮
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	遮
	Shaoguan	遮
	Yunfu	遮
	Yangjiang	遮
	Xinyi	遮
	Lianjiang	遮
	Nanning	遮
	Wuzhou	遮
	Yulin	雨遮
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	遮
	Beihai	雨遮
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	雨遮
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	雨遮
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	雨遮
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	遮
	Singapore (Guangfu)	遮
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	遮
	Móng Cái	雨遮
Gan	Nanchang	傘
	Pengze	傘
	Lichuan	傘
	Pingxiang	傘
Hakka	Meixian	遮仔
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	遮
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	雨遮
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	遮
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	遮
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	遮
	Wengyuan	傘
	Liannan	遮
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	遮
	Jiexi	遮
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	雨傘
	Changting	傘
	Wuping	傘
	Wuping (Yanqian)	傘
	Ninghua	傘
	Ningdu	傘
	Tonggu (Sandu)	遮
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	傘
	Dayu	傘
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	遮仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	遮仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	遮仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	遮
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	遮仔
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	雨傘
	Hong Kong	遮
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	遮
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	雨遮
	Xinyi (Sihe)	遮
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	遮
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	遮
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	遮
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	雨遮
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	雨遮
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	雨遮
	Mengshan (Xihe)	雨遮
	Luchuan	雨遮
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	傘, 雨傘
	Sabah (Longchuan)	遮
	Senai (Huiyang)	遮
	Kuching (Hepo)	遮
	Singkawang	遮
Huizhou	Jixi	傘
Jin	Taiyuan	傘, 傘兒
	Taibus (Baochang)	傘
	Linhe	傘
	Jining	雨傘
	Hohhot	雨傘
	Baotou	雨傘
	Dongsheng	傘
	Haibowan	雨傘
Northern Min	Jian'ou	傘
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	傘
	Fuqing	傘
	Matsu	傘
Southern Min	Xiamen	傘, 雨傘
	Quanzhou	傘, 雨傘
	Zhangzhou	傘, 雨傘
	Taipei (Wanhua)	雨傘
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	雨傘
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	雨傘
	Kaohsiung	雨傘
	Yilan	雨傘
	Changhua (Lukang)	傘
	Taichung	雨傘
	Taichung (Wuqi)	傘
	Tainan	雨傘, 雨笠
	Tainan (Anping)	雨傘
	Taitung	雨傘
	Hsinchu	雨傘
	Penghu (Magong)	傘
	Penang (Hokkien)	雨傘
	Singapore (Hokkien)	雨傘
	Manila (Hokkien)	雨傘
	Medan (Hokkien)	雨遮
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	傘
	Chaozhou	雨傘, 雨遮
	Shantou	雨遮
	Shantou (Chenghai)	雨遮
	Jieyang	雨遮
	Haifeng	雨傘
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	雨傘
	Singapore (Teochew)	雨遮
	Haikou	傘
	Qionghai	傘
	Singapore (Hainanese)	雨傘
Puxian Min	Putian	傘
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	傘
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	傘
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	傘
	Xianyou	傘
	Xianyou (Fengting)	傘
	Xianyou (Youyang)	傘
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	遮
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	傘
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	傘
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	傘
Wu	Shanghai	傘
	Shanghai (Chongming)	傘
	Suzhou	傘
	Danyang	傘
	Hangzhou	傘
	Ningbo	傘
	Wenzhou	雨傘
	Jinhua	雨傘
Xiang	Changsha	傘, 開發子
	Loudi	傘
	Shuangfeng	傘
	Quanzhou	傘

Compounds

Japanese

Alternative forms

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

傘

Wikipedia ^ja

Kanji in this term
傘
かさ Grade: S
kun'yomi

笠, 暈

Kanji

傘

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: さん (san, Jōyō)
Kan-on: さん (san, Jōyō)
Kun: かさ (kasa, 傘, Jōyō)

Compounds

Etymology

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kasa (“cover, hat”). Cognate with Miyako 笠 (kasa), Okinawan 笠 (kasa), Yaeyama 笠 (kasa).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かさ [káꜜsà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [ka̠sa̠]

Noun

傘(かさ) or 傘(カサ) • (kasa) (counter 本)

umbrella (cloth-covered frame used for protection against rain or sun)
傘(かさ)を差(さ)す
kasa o sasu
hold an umbrella

傘(かさ)を広(ひろ)げる
kasa o hirogeru
open an umbrella

傘(かさ)をすぼめる
kasa o subomeru
close an umbrella

傘(かさ)を巻(ま)く
kasa o maku
roll up an umbrella
- 1999 February 20 [1994 December 15], Rumiko Takahashi, “ＰＡＲＴ(パート).６(ろく)　伝(でん)説(せつ)の相(あい)合(あい)ガサ [Part 6: The Legendary Coupling Umbrella]”, in らんま½ (らんま½) [Ranma ½], 9th edition, volume 31 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 87:
  
  そのカサに一(いっ)緒(しょ)にはいった二人(ふたり)は必(かなら)ず相(そう)思(し)相(そう)愛(あい)の仲(なか)になるんですって、だから伝(でん)説(せつ)の相(あい)合(あい)ガサ。
  Sono kasa ni issho ni haitta futari wa kanarazu sōshi sōai no naka ni naru n desu tte, da kara densetsu no aiaigasa.
  Legend has it that any two people who get under that umbrella together are bound to fall in love, and that’s why it's called the legendary coupling umbrella.
bell; umbrella (of a jellyfish)

Derived terms

傘持(かさも)ち (kasamochi, “umbrella carrier”)
傘立(かさた)て (kasatate, “umbrella stand”)
傘鉾(かさぼこ) (kasaboko)
雨傘(あまがさ) (amagasa, “umbrella”)
蝙蝠傘(こうもりがさ) (kōmorigasa, “umbrella”)
日傘(ひがさ) (higasa, “sun parasol”)

References

^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 傘 (MC sanX). Recorded as Middle Korean 산〯 (sǎn) (Yale: san) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

傘

Wikisource

傘 (eumhun 우산 산 (usan san))

Hanja form^? of 산 (“umbrella”).

Compounds

산하 (傘下, sanha)
균산 (菌傘, gyunsan)
우산 (雨傘, usan)
양산 (陽傘, yangsan)
일산 (日傘, ilsan)
산벌 (傘伐, sanbeol)
산수 (傘壽, sansu)
낙하산 (落下傘, nakhasan)
핵우산 (核雨傘, haegusan)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

傘: Hán Nôm readings: tản, tàn, tán

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[SMK5-1] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]