十
See also: 〸 [U+3038 HANGZHOU NUMERAL TEN], ㆺ [U+31BA BOPOMOFO LETTER ZY], and 𬂛 [U+2C09B CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2C09B]
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TranslingualEdit
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han characterEdit
十 (Kangxi radical 24, 十+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 十 (J), four-corner 40000, composition ⿻一丨)
- Kangxi radical #24, ⼗.
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №54
Derived charactersEdit
- Appendix:Chinese radical/十
- 什, 𰃵, 廾, 叶, 𡈿, 㚈, 𢌗, 汁, 䦹, 辻, 旪, 𬁰, 瓧, 𤽁, 𭾗, 𥎧, 竍, 籵, 𥾅, 𨒒, 計(计), 𧾽, 兙, 針(针), 𮪦, 𨔿, 𫙏, 𪗕, 𭃄, 𨙩, 𩡪
- 干, 仐, 𠓝, 𠤏, 𠫘, 夲, 𫵱, 𢨦, 早, 毕, 氒, 𦉲, 𠅋, 𤬧, 𤯀, 皁, 𥃪, 𮂯, 辛, 𦉴, 䘚, 阜, 𥤿, 隼, 𢈰, 章, 率, 𠵀, 䭴, 準(凖), 𤔭, 𮍞
- 土, 士, 支, 古, 𪞱, 𥃭, 孛, 壴, 直, 真, 索, 𩖘, 𢛳, 㥁, 疐, 伞, 傘, 𣎳, 畞, 賫(赍), 賷, 䥅, 𭻹, 戎, 𢦏, 𬺱, 𣂑, 𭂩, 𫭂
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 155, character 17
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2695
- Dae Jaweon: page 348, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 58, character 9
- Unihan data for U+5341
ChineseEdit
simp. and trad. |
十 | |
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alternative forms | 拾 financial 什 |
Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 十 | ||||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |||
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Unlike 一, which was one horizontal stroke meaning one, 十 was originally simply a vertical stroke. In later forms 一 was added, forming a cross.
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gip.
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
十
See alsoEdit
Chinese numbers | ||||||||||||||||
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0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 108 | 1012 | |
Normal (小寫/小写) |
〇, 零 | 一 | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 | 百 | 千 | 萬/万 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) |
億/亿 | 兆 (Taiwan) 萬億/万亿 (Mainland China) |
Financial (大寫/大写) |
零 | 壹 | 貳/贰 | 參/叁 | 肆 | 伍 | 陸/陆 | 柒 | 捌 | 玖 | 拾 | 佰 | 仟 |
CompoundsEdit
See 十/derived terms § Chinese.
DescendantsEdit
Others:
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
十
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: じゅう (jū, Jōyō)←じふ (zifu, historical)
- Kan-on: しゅう (shū)←しふ (sifu, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: じっ (ji', Jōyō)←じふ (zifu, historical); じゅっ (ju')
- Kun: と (to, 十, Jōyō); とお (tō, 十, Jōyō)←とを (towo, historical)
- Nanori: い (i); か (ka); かず (kazu); ぎ (gi); さ (sa); し (shi); しげ (shige); そ (so); そう (sō); ただ (tada); ち (chi); とみ (tomi); ね (ne); ひさし (hisashi); ま (ma); みつ (mitsu); みつる (mitsuru); る (ru); わ (wa)
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Kanji in this term |
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十 |
じゅう Grade: 1 |
goon |
Kanji in this term |
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十 |
じっ Grade: 1 |
kan’yōon |
< 9 | 10 | 11 > |
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Cardinal : 十 | ||
/ʑipʉ/ → /ʑiɸu/ → /ʑɨu/ → /ʑuː//ʑiʔ/ → /ʑi~̚/
From Middle Chinese 十 (MC d͡ʑiɪp̚).
Alternative formsEdit
- (Financial form) 拾
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
IdiomsEdit
- 一から十まで (ichi kara jū made)
ProverbsEdit
- 一を聞いて十を知る (ichi o kiite jū o shiru)
Coordinate termsEdit
Japanese numbers | |||||||||||
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0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
Regular | 零 (rei) 零 (zero) |
一 (ichi) | 二 (ni) | 三 (san) | 四 (yon) 四 (shi) |
五 (go) | 六 (roku) | 七 (nana) 七 (shichi) |
八 (hachi) | 九 (kyū) 九 (ku) |
十 (jū) |
Formal | 壱 (ichi) | 弐 (ni) | 参 (san) | 拾 (jū) | |||||||
90 | 100 | 300 | 600 | 800 | 1,000 | 3,000 | 8,000 | 10,000 | 100,000,000 | ||
Regular | 九十 (kyūjū) | 百 (hyaku) 一百 (ippyaku) |
三百 (sanbyaku) | 六百 (roppyaku) | 八百 (happyaku) | 千 (sen) 一千 (issen) |
三千 (sanzen) | 八千 (hassen) | 一万 (ichiman) | 一億 (ichioku) | |
Formal | 一萬 (ichiman) | ||||||||||
1012 | 8×1012 | 1013 | 1016 | 6×1016 | 8×1016 | 1017 | 1018 | ||||
一兆 (itchō) | 八兆 (hatchō) | 十兆 (jutchō) | 一京 (ikkei) | 六京 (rokkei) | 八京 (hakkei) | 十京 (jukkei) | 百京 (hyakkei) |
NounEdit
AffixEdit
十 or 十 • (jū or ji') ←じふ (zifu)?
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
- 十雨 (jūu)
- 十戒, 十誡 (jikkai)
- 十月 (jūgatsu)
- 十干 (jikkan)
- 十指 (jisshi)
- 十字 (jūji)
- 十姉妹 (jūshimatsu)
- 十中八九 (jitchūhakku), 十中八九 (jūchūhakku)
- 十手 (jitte)
- 十種競技 (jisshukyōgi, “decathlon”)
- 十進法 (jisshinhō, “decimal system”)
- 十全 (jūzen)
- 十哲 (jittetsu)
- 十人 (jūnin)
- 十年 (jūnen)
- 十念 (jūnen)
- 十能 (jūnō, “small fire shovel”)
- 十把一絡げ (jippa hitokarage)
- 十分 (jūbun)
- 十万億土 (jūman'okudo)
- 十目 (jūmoku)
- 十薬 (jūyaku)
Etymology 2Edit
Kanji in this term |
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十 |
とお Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
⟨to2wo⟩ → */təwo/ → /towo/ → /toː/
From Old Japanese.
Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *təwo.
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
IdiomsEdit
ProverbsEdit
- 十で神童十五で才子二十過ぎればただの人 (tō de shindō jūgo de saishi hatachi sugireba tada no hito)
Etymology 3Edit
Kanji in this term |
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十 |
と Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
Shift from tō above.[2]
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
Etymology 4Edit
Kanji in this term |
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十 |
そ Grade: 1 |
nanori |
⟨so1⟩ → */sʷo/ → /so/
From Old Japanese.
Used in compounds.
AffixEdit
- multiplied by ten: tenfold
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
Etymology 5Edit
Kanji in this term |
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十 |
しい Grade: 1 |
Irregular |
NumeralEdit
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
100 | ||
← 9 | 10 | 11 → |
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1 | ||
Native isol.: 열 (yeol) Native attr.: 열 (yeol) Sino-Korean: 십 (sip) Hanja: 十 Ordinal: 열째 (yeoljjae) |
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 十 (MC d͡ʑiɪp̚).
Historical Readings | ||
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Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 씹〮 (Yale: ssíp) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] | 열〮 (Yale: yél) | 십〮 (Yale: síp) |
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɕʰip̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [십]
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
十: Hán Việt readings: thập (
十: Nôm readings: thập[1][2][4]
Derived termsEdit
See 十/derived terms § Vietnamese.