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十

十 U+5341, 十
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5341
← 區
[U+5340]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 卂 →
[U+5342]
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Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

 
See images of
Radical 24 十

十 (radical 24 十+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 十 (J), four-corner 40000, composition ⿻一丨)

  1. Kangxi radical #24, ⼗ (“ten”).

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 155, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2695
  • Dae Jaweon: page 348, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 58, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+5341

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 十
alt. forms 拾 financial
什 financial/nonstandard

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 十
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bamboo and silk script Large seal script Small seal script
         
Characters in the same phonetic series (十) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
針 *kjum, *kjums
汁 *kjub
卙 *kʰljub
十 *ɡjub
什 *ɡjub

Unlike 一, which was one horizontal stroke meaning one, 十 was originally simply a vertical stroke. In later forms 一 was added, forming a cross.

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gip.

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • cha̍p - vernacular;
  • si̍p - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 十
Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Harbin /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Tianjin /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Qingdao /ʃz̩⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Xi'an /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xining /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩¹³/
Ürümqi /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Wuhan /sz̩²¹³/
Chengdu /sz̩³¹/
Guiyang /sz̩²¹/
Kunming /ʂʐ̩³¹/
Nanjing /ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /səʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /ʂʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /səʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /zəʔ¹/
Suzhou /zəʔ³/
Hangzhou /zəʔ²/
Wenzhou /zai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ɕi²²/
Tunxi /ɕi¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xiangtan /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /sɨʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /səp̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ʃïp̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐp̚²/
Nanning /sɐp̚²²/
Hong Kong /sɐp̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sip̚⁵/
/t͡sap̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sɛiʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /si⁵⁴/
/si⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sap̚⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /tap̚³/
/tɔp̚³/
Rime
Character 十
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 緝 (141)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 是執切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʑiɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡ʑip̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʑjep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡ʑip̚/
Li
Rong		 /ʑiəp̚/
Wang
Li		 /ʑĭĕp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʑi̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shí
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 十
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shí
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzyip ›
Old
Chinese		 /*t.[ɡ]əp/
English ten

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 十
Reading # 1/1
No. 11452
Phonetic
component		 十
Rime
group		 緝
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 十
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡjub/

DefinitionsEdit

十

  1. ten
  2. (figuratively) topmost; utmost
  3. (figuratively) complete

See alsoEdit

Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
Cardinal 〇 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬
万		 億
亿		 兆
万亿
Financial 零 壹 貳
贰		 參
叁		 肆 伍 陸
陆		 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟 萬
万		 億
亿		 兆
万亿

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 十

DescendantsEdit

Sino-Xenic (十):
  • Japanese: 十 (じゅう) (jū)
  • Korean: 십 (十, sip)
  • Vietnamese: thập (十)

Others:

JapaneseEdit

PronunciationEdit

NumberEdit

Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  9 10 11  > 
    Cardinal : 十

十 (じゅう, jū)

十 (とお, tō)
十 (と, to)
  1. ten

Etymology 1Edit

/so1/: [so].

NounEdit

十 (hiragana そ, rōmaji so)

  1. ten; used in compounds
CompoundsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

/to2/: [tə] > [to].

NounEdit

十 (hiragana と, rōmaji to)

  1. ten

Etymology 3Edit

/to2wo/: [təwo] > [towo] > [too] > [toː].

NounEdit

十 (hiragana とお, rōmaji tō, historical hiragana とを)

  1. ten

KanjiEdit

十

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit
CompoundsEdit

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

十 • (sip)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 십 (revised: sip, McCune-Reischauer: ship, Yale: sip)
    • Name (hangeul): 열 (revised: yeol, McCune-Reischauer: yŏl, Yale: yel)
  1. (열 십, yeol sip): ten, ten times.

CompoundsEdit

ReferencesEdit

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

十

ReadingsEdit

NumberEdit

十

  1. Han form of mười (ten)

CompoundsEdit

ReferencesEdit

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