十

Character

十 U+5341, 十

Name

CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5341

Block

CJK Unified Ideographs

← 區 [U+5340]

[U+5342] 卂 →

See also: 〸

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 24 十

十 (radical 24 十+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 十 (J), four-corner 4000₀, composition ⿻一丨)

Kangxi radical #24, ⼗ ‎(“ten”).

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 155, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2695
Dae Jaweon: page 348, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 58, character 9
Unihan data for U+5341

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		十
alt. forms		拾 financial 什 financial/nonstandard

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 十
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bamboo and silk script	Large seal script	Small seal script

Unlike 一, which was one horizontal stroke meaning one, 十 was originally simply a vertical stroke. In later forms 一 was added, forming a cross.

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gip.

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shí (shi²)

(Zhuyin): ㄕˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sap⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̍p
Min Dong (BUC): sĕk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): cha̍p / si̍p

(Teochew, Peng'im): zab⁸
Wu (Wiktionary): zeq (T5)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: shí
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˊ
  - Wade-Giles: shih²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr
  - IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: sap⁶
  - Yale: sahp
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sap⁹
  - IPA ^(key): /sɐp̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̍p
  - Hakka Romanization System: siib
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sib⁶
  - IPA: /sɨp̚⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sĕk
  - IPA ^(key): /siʔ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha̍p / si̍p
  - Tâi-lô: tsa̍p / si̍p
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zap, sip
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sap̚⁴/, /ɕip̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sap̚¹²¹/, /ɕip̚¹²¹/
  - Note: cha̍p - vernacular; si̍p - literary.
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zab⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsa̍p
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sap̚⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: zeq (T5)
  - IPA ^(key): /z̻əʔ¹²/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 十
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʂʐ̩³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʂʐ̩⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ʃz̩⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʂʐ̩⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Xining	/ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʂʐ̩¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʂʐ̩¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/sz̩²¹³/
	Chengdu	/sz̩³¹/
	Guiyang	/sz̩²¹/
	Kunming	/ʂʐ̩³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/səʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao	/ʂʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/səʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/zəʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/zəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/zəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/zai²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕi²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/ɕi¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/sɨʔ²/
Hakka	Meixian	/səp̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ʃïp̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sɐp̚²/
	Nanning	/sɐp̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/sɐp̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/sip̚⁵/ /t͡sap̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/sɛiʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/si⁵⁴/ /si⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/t͡sap̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/tap̚³/ /tɔp̚³/

Middle Chinese: /d͡ʑiɪp̚/▼

Rime
Character	十
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	緝 (141)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	是執切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑip̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjep̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑip̚/
Li Rong	/ʑiəp̚/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯əp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shí

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter-Sagart): /*t.[ɡ]əp/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡjub/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	十
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shí
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyip ›
Old Chinese	/*t.[ɡ]əp/
English	ten
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	十
Reading #	1/1
No.	11452
Phonetic component	十
Rime group	緝
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	十
Old Chinese	/*ɡjub/

DefinitionsEdit

十

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 十

十二角形
十二辰
十二進法／十二进法
十二邊形／十二边形
十二金牌
十二金釵／十二金钗
十二門論／十二门论
十二面體／十二面体
十五 (shíwǔ)
十五年
十位 (shíwèi)
十倍
十億／十亿
十億位元／十亿位元
十億位元以太網絡／十亿位元以太网络
十億位元以太網絡聯盟／十亿位元以太网络联盟
十克
十全
十全十美 (shíquánshíměi)
十全大補湯／十全大补汤 (shí quán dà bǔ tāng)
十全老人
十八 (shíbā)
十八九
十八姨
十八界
十八相送
十八羅漢／十八罗汉
十八變／十八变
十六 (shíliù)
十六位元
十六國／十六国 (Shíliù-Guó)
十六烷值
十六羅漢／十六罗汉
十六進制／十六进制
十分 (shífēn)
十分之一
十劑／十剂
十力
十十五五
十吋口炮
十哲
十善
十四 (shísì)
十四行詩／十四行诗
十國／十国
十國春秋／十国春秋
十圍五攻／十围五攻
十地
十堰
十堰市
十多億／十多亿
十大建設／十大建设
十大弟子
十天干
十如是
十姊妹
十字 (shízì)
十字坡
十字形
十字架 (shízìjià)
十字架刑
十字繡／十字绣
十字花押
十字花科
十字街
十字街頭／十字街头
十字路
十字路口 (shízì lùkǒu)
十字軍／十字军
十字鎬／十字镐
十字頭螺刀／十字头螺刀
十宗
十室九空
十家
十常侍 (shíchángshì)
十干 (shígān)
十年 (shínián)
十年寒窗
十年樹木，百年樹人／十年树木，百年树人
十年河東，十年河西／十年河东，十年河西 (shí nián hé dōng, shí nián hé xī)
十年窗下
十年讀書／十年读书
十幾／十几 (shíjǐ)
十幾個月／十几个月
十惡／十恶
十惡不赦／十恶不赦
十成
十成九穩／十成九稳
十戒 (shíjiè)
十抽一
十拿九穩／十拿九稳
十指連心／十指连心
十捉九著
十數／十数
十方
十方地面
十族
十日談／十日谈
十月 (Shíyuè)
十月之交

DescendantsEdit

Sino-Xenic (十):

Japanese: 十 (じゅう) ‎(jū)
Korean: 십 (十, sip)
Vietnamese: thập ‎(十)

Others:

Khmer: សិប ‎(səp)
Lao: ສິບ ‎(sip)
Thai: สิบ ‎(sìp)

JapaneseEdit

PronunciationEdit

Audio
(file)

NumberEdit

**Japanese cardinal numbers**
< 9	10	11 >
Cardinal : 十

十 (じゅう, jū)

十 (とお, tō)

十 (と, to)

ten

Etymology 1Edit

/so1/: [so].

NounEdit

十 ‎(hiragana そ, romaji so)

ten; used in compounds

CompoundsEdit

十六夜 (いざよい) ‎(izayoi, “the sixteenth night of every month”)
十露盤 (そろばん) ‎(soroban)
三十日 (みそか) ‎(misoka)
三十路 (みそじ) ‎(misoji, “thirty; thirty years of age”)
四十 (よそ) ‎(yoso, “forty”)

Etymology 2Edit

/to2/: [tə] > [to].

NounEdit

十 ‎(hiragana と, romaji to)

ten

Etymology 3Edit

/to2wo/: [təwo] > [towo] > [too] > [toː].

NounEdit

十 ‎(hiragana とお, romaji tō, historical hiragana とを)

ten

KanjiEdit

ReadingsEdit

Goon: じゅう (jū) < じふ (jifu), じっ (ji[p/t/k/s]) (before /p, t, k, s/)
Kan’on: しゅう (shū) < しふ (shifu) (non-Jōyō reading)
Kan’yōon: じゅっ (ju[p/t/k/s]) (before /p, t, k, s/)
Kun: とお (tō) < とを (towo), と (to)
Nanori: い (i), か (ka), ぎ (gi), さ (sa), し (shi), そ (so), そう (sō), ち (chi), とう (tō), ね (ne), ま (ma), る (ru), わ (wa)

CompoundsEdit

十雨 (じゅうう) ‎(jūu)
十戒 (じっかい) ‎(jikkai), 十誡 (じっかい) ‎(jikkai, “the Ten Commandments”)
十月 (じゅうがつ) ‎(jūgatsu, “October”)
十姉妹 (じゅうしまつ) ‎(jūshimatsu)
十字 (じゅうじ) ‎(jūji)
十手 (じって) ‎(jitte, “martial arts truncheon”)
十種競技 (じっしゅきょうぎ) ‎(jisshu kyōgi, “decathlon”)
十進法 (じっしんほう) ‎(jisshinhō, “decimal system”)
十人並 (じゅうにんなみ) ‎(jūninnami)
十全 (じゅうぜん) ‎(jūzen)
十哲 (じってつ) ‎(jittetsu)
十能 (じゅうのう) ‎(jūnō, “small fire shovel”)
十把一絡 (じっぱひとからげ) ‎(jippa hitokarage)
十部門分類法 (じゅうぶもんぶんるいほう) ‎(jūbumon bunruihō)
十分 (じゅうぶん) ‎(jūbun)
十万億土 (じゅうまんおくど) ‎(jūman'okudo)
十目 (じゅうもく) ‎(jūmoku)
十薬 (じゅうやく) ‎(jūyaku)

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

十 • ‎(sip)
Eumhun:

Sound (hangeul): 십 (revised: sip, McCune-Reischauer: ship, Yale: sip)

Name (hangeul): 열 (revised: yeol, McCune-Reischauer: yŏl, Yale: yel)

(열 십, yeol sip): ten, ten times.
- 天九地十 (易經)

CompoundsEdit

十字 (십자, sipja) the character "十" or its shape, hence, cross, chi, X, +, etc.
十中八九 (십중팔구, sipjung-palgu) eight or nine out of ten.
十干 (십간)
十二支 (십이지)

ReferencesEdit

Naver Hanja Dictionary: 十