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Wiktionary

十

See also: 〸 [U+3038 HANGZHOU NUMERAL TEN], ㆺ [U+31BA BOPOMOFO LETTER ZY], and 𬂛 [U+2C09B CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2C09B]
十 U+5341, 十
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5341
← 區
[U+5340] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 卂 →
[U+5342]
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Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 24 十

十 (radical 24, 十+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 十 (J), four-corner 40000, composition ⿻一丨)

  1. Kangxi radical #24, ⼗.

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 155, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2695
  • Dae Jaweon: page 348, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 58, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+5341

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 十
variant forms 拾 financial
什

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 十
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
                 
Characters in the same phonetic series (十) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
針 *kjum, *kjums
汁 *kjub
卙 *kʰljub
十 *ɡjub
什 *ɡjub

Unlike 一, which was one horizontal stroke meaning one, 十 was originally simply a vertical stroke. In later forms 一 was added, forming a cross.

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gip.

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • cha̍p - vernacular;
  • si̍p - literary.
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data▼
    Variety Location 十
    Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
    Harbin /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Tianjin /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
    Qingdao /ʃz̩⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
    Xi'an /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Xining /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩¹³/
    Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩¹³/
    Ürümqi /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
    Wuhan /sz̩²¹³/
    Chengdu /sz̩³¹/
    Guiyang /sz̩²¹/
    Kunming /ʂʐ̩³¹/
    Nanjing /ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
    Hefei /ʂəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /səʔ⁵⁴/
    Pingyao /ʂʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /səʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /zəʔ¹/
    Suzhou /zəʔ³/
    Hangzhou /zəʔ²/
    Wenzhou /zai²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /ɕi²²/
    Tunxi /ɕi¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Xiangtan /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /sɨʔ²/
    Hakka Meixian /səp̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /ʃïp̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐp̚²/
    Nanning /sɐp̚²²/
    Hong Kong /sɐp̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sip̚⁵/
    /t͡sap̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sɛiʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /si⁵⁴/
    /si⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sap̚⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /tap̚³/
    /tɔp̚³/
    Rime
    Character 十
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 常 (25)
    Final (韻) 緝 (141)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 是執切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/d͡ʑiɪp̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/d͡ʑip̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/d͡ʑjep̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/d͡ʑip̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʑiəp̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ʑĭĕp̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʑi̯əp̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shí
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 十
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		shí
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ dzyip ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*t.[ɡ]əp/
    English ten

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 十
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11452
    Phonetic
    component         		十
    Rime
    group         		緝
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		十
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡjub/

    DefinitionsEdit

    十

    1. ten
    2. (figuratively) topmost; utmost
    3. (figuratively) complete

    See alsoEdit

    Chinese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
    Normal
    (小寫／小写)     		〇 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万 億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
    萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
    Financial
    (大寫／大写)     		零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 十

    DescendantsEdit

    Sino-Xenic (十):
    • → Japanese: 十 (じゅう) (jū)
    • → Korean: 십 (十, sip)
    • → Vietnamese: thập (十)

    Others:

    JapaneseEdit

    Japanese cardinal numbers
     <  9 10 11  > 
        Cardinal : 十

    KanjiEdit

    十

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Etymology 1Edit

    PronunciationEdit

    • Audio
      		(file)

    NounEdit

    十 (hiragana じゅう, rōmaji jū, historical hiragana じふ)

    1. ten

    Coordinate termsEdit

    Numbers in Japanese
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    零 (れい) (rei)
    ゼロ (zero)    		 一 (いち) (ichi) 二 (に) (ni) 三 (さん) (san) 四 (よん) (yon)
    四 (し) (shi)    		 五 (ご) (go) 六 (ろく) (roku) 七 (なな) (nana)
    七 (しち) (shichi)    		 八 (はち) (hachi) 九 (きゅう) (kyū)
    九 (く) (ku)
    10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
    十 (じゅう) (jū) 十 (じゅう)一 (いち) (jūichi) 十 (じゅう)二 (に) (jūni) 十 (じゅう)三 (さん) (jūsan) 十 (じゅう)四 (よん) (jūyon)
    十 (じゅう)四 (し) (jūshi)    		 十 (じゅう)五 (ご) (jūgo) 十 (じゅう)六 (ろく) (jūroku) 十 (じゅう)七 (なな) (jūnana)
    十 (じゅう)七 (しち) (jūshichi)    		 十 (じゅう)八 (はち) (jūhachi) 十 (じゅう)九 (きゅう) (jūkyū)
    十 (じゅう)九 (く) (jūku)

    Etymology 2Edit

    /so1/: [so].

    NounEdit

    十 (hiragana そ, rōmaji so)

    1. ten; used in compounds
    CompoundsEdit

    Etymology 3Edit

    /to2/: [tə] > [to].

    NounEdit

    十 (hiragana と, rōmaji to)

    1. ten

    Etymology 4Edit

    /to2wo/: [təwo] > [towo] > [too] > [toː].

    NounEdit

    十 (hiragana とお, rōmaji tō, historical hiragana とを)

    1. ten

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    十 • (sip)

    1. (열 십, yeol sip): ten, ten times.

    CompoundsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    十: Hán Việt readings: thập (寔(thực)入(nhập)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
    十: Nôm readings: thập[1][2][4]

    1. Hán tự form of thập (“ten”).

    CompoundsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ^ Trần (2004).
    4. ^ Bonet (1899).
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=十&oldid=51263496"