雪

See also: 𩁿

雪 U+96EA, 雪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96EA ← 雩 [U+96E9] CJK Unified Ideographs 雫 → [U+96EB]

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Han characterEdit

雪 (radical 173, 雨+3, 11 strokes, cangjie input 一月尸一 (MBSM), four-corner 1017₇ or 1017₄, composition ⿱雨⿴⿱𠃍一一(GJ) or ⿱雨⿻⿱𠃍一一(HTK))

Derived charactersEdit

• 𠽌, 𡐅, 𡠭, 𢳬, 膤, 樰, 𬎅, 𫟀, 𫃽, 艝, 轌, 鱈(鳕), 𠞯, 𫕣, 𬝹, 𤍱

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 1371, character 29
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42216
• Dae Jaweon: page 1878, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4058, character 4
• Unihan data for U+96EA

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ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		雪
variant forms		䨮 ancient form ⿱⻗慧 彐 second round simplified

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 雪
Shang	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (彗) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
櫘	*sqʰʷeds
彗	*sɢʷeds, *ɢʷeds, *sɢʷids
篲	*sɢʷeds
鏏	*sɢʷeds
槥	*sɢʷeds, *ɢʷeds
轊	*sɢʷeds, *ɢʷeds
熭	*ɢʷeds, *ɢʷad
嘒	*qʰʷeːds
暳	*qʰʷeːds
嚖	*qʰʷeds
慧	*ɡʷeːds
蔧	*sɢʷids
雪	*sqʰʷed

Ancient simplification of 䨮, which is in turn phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sqʰʷed): semantic ⻗ + phonetic 彗 (OC *sɢʷeds, *ɢʷeds, *sɢʷids).

EtymologyEdit

Starostin compared this with Tibetan སད (sad, “frost, cold air, cold, coldness”). This may be unlikely considering the phonetic part of this character.

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): xuě (xue³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄝˇ

  (Chengdu, SP): xue²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): syut³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siet
• Min Bei (KCR): sṳĕ
• Min Dong (BUC): siók
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): seh / serh / soat

  (Teochew, Peng'im): soh⁴

• Wu (Wiktionary): xiq (T4)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: xuě
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˇ
    • Wade–Giles: hsüeh³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheue
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕɥ̯œ²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: xue²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xye
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕye²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: syut³
    • Yale: syut
    • Cantonese Pinyin: syt⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: xud³
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕyːt̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siet
    • Hakka Romanization System: xied`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xiad⁵
    • IPA: /ɕi̯et̚²/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sṳĕ
    • IPA ^(key): /syɛ²⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: siók
    • IPA ^(key): /suɔʔ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seh
    • Tâi-lô: seh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: seq
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /seʔ³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: serh
    • Tâi-lô: serh
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /səʔ⁵/
    • IPA (Kinmen): /səʔ³²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soat
    • Tâi-lô: suat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: soad
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /suat̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /suat̚³²/

Note:

• serh/seh - vernacular;
• soat - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: soh⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: soh
  • IPA ^(key): /soʔ²/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: xiq (T4)
  • IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɪʔ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /siuᴇt̚/▼

Rime
Character	雪
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	薛 (82)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	相絕切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siuᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/sʷiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/sjuæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/swiat̚/
Li Rong	/siuɛt̚/
Wang Li	/sĭuɛt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/si̯wɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xue

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ot/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sqʰʷed/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	雪
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xuě
Middle Chinese	‹ sjwet ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]ot/
English	snow
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	雪
Reading #	1/1
No.	5477
Phonetic component	彗
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	雪
Old Chinese	/*sqʰʷed/

DefinitionsEdit

雪

1. snow

   下雪  ―  xiàxuě  ―  to snow

2. to wipe away; to clean
3. (Cantonese) ice; product containing ice
4. (Cantonese) to store in the refrigerator

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 雪

• 似雪
• 冰雪 (bīngxuě)
• 單板滑雪／单板滑雪
• 大雪 (dàxuě)
• 小雪 (xiǎoxuě)
• 昭雪 (zhāoxuě)
• 暴風雪／暴风雪 (bàofēngxuě)
• 洗雪 (xǐxuě)
• 浣雪
• 湔雪
• 滑雪 (huáxuě)
• 瑞雪 (ruìxuě)
• 申雪 (shēnxuě)
• 白雪 (báixuě)
• 積雪／积雪 (jīxuě)
• 積雪草／积雪草
• 紫雪 (zǐxuě)
• 終年積雪／终年积雪
• 聚螢映雪／聚萤映雪
• 融雪
• 跳臺滑雪／跳台滑雪
• 踏雪
• 障礙滑雪／障碍滑雪
• 雪上加霜 (xuěshàng-jiāshuāng)
• 雪中送炭 (xuězhōngsòngtàn)
• 雪亮
• 雪人 (xuěrén)
• 雪冤

• 雪原 (xuěyuán)
• 雪地 (xuědì)
• 雪城 (Xuěchéng)
• 雪堆
• 雪壓／雪压
• 雪山 (xuěshān)
• 雪山林
• 雪峰
• 雪崩 (xuěbēng)
• 雪恥／雪耻 (xuěchǐ)
• 雪恨 (xuěhèn)
• 雪景 (xuějǐng)
• 雪暴 (xuěbào)
• 雪松
• 雪板 (xuěbǎn)
• 雪條／雪条
• 雪梨 (xuělí)
• 雪梨酒
• 雪橇 (xuěqiāo)
• 雪櫃／雪柜 (xuěguì)
• 雪泥
• 雪泥鴻爪／雪泥鸿爪
• 雪災／雪灾
• 雪片 (xuěpiàn)
• 雪球 (xuěqiú)
• 雪白 (xuěbái)
• 雪盲

• 雪碧 (Xuěbì)
• 雪窖冰天
• 雪糕 (xuěgāo)
• 雪線／雪线
• 雪膽／雪胆
• 雪花 (xuěhuā)
• 雪花膏 (xuěhuāgāo)
• 雪茄 (xuějiā)
• 雪茄煙／雪茄烟 (xuějiāyān)
• 雪蓮／雪莲 (xuělián)
• 雪蓮花／雪莲花
• 雪裡送炭／雪里送炭
• 雪裡開／雪里开
• 雪豹 (xuěbào)
• 雪貂 (xuědiāo)
• 雪路
• 雪車／雪车 (xuěchē)
• 雪里蕻
• 雪野
• 雪鐵龍／雪铁龙
• 雪青
• 雪鞋 (xuěxié)
• 雪頓／雪顿
• 雪頓節／雪顿节
• 飛雪／飞雪
• 飛鴻踏雪／飞鸿踏雪
• 鵝毛大雪／鹅毛大雪

ReferencesEdit

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04469
• Multi-function Chinese Character Database (漢語多功能字庫)

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

雪

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: せち (sechi)
• Kan’on: せつ (setsu, Jōyō)
• Kun: ゆき (yuki, 雪, Jōyō); すすぐ (susugu, 雪ぐ); そそぐ (sosogu, 雪ぐ)
• Nanori: ぶき (buki); せ (se); きよ (kiyo); きよみ (kiyomi); まよむ (mayomu); そそぐ (sosogu)

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

• 雪辱 (せつじょく) (setsujoku): vindication, revenge
• 雪崩 (なだれ) (nadare): snow avalanche
• 初雪 (はつゆき) (hatsuyuki): first snow (of the winter season)
• 雪女 (ゆきおんな) (yuki onna): snow woman, snow fairy
• 雪原 (せつげん) (setsugen): snow field

EtymologyEdit

Kanji in this term
雪
ゆき Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨yuki₁⟩ → /juki/

From Old Japanese. Used in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

PronunciationEdit

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) ゆき​ [yùkíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
  • IPA^(key): [jɯ̟ᵝkʲi]

NounEdit

雪 (hiragana ゆき, rōmaji yuki)

1. snow
   • 931–938, Wamyō Ruijushō, book 1, page 27-28:

     雪 [...] 和名由岐、日本紀私記云、泡雪阿和由岐、其弱如水沫故云沫雪也

2. (metaphoric) white hair
3. cod (fish) (from an abbreviation of the standard kanji for cod, 鱈)

SynonymsEdit

• (snow): (rare) 玉塵 (ぎょくじん) (gyokujin)

ReferencesEdit

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

雪 (eumhun 눈 설 (nun seol))

1. snow
2. white

CompoundsEdit

• 雪濃湯 (설농탕, seolnongtang)
• 初雪 (초설, choseol) : first snow
• 雪糖 (설탕, seoltang) : sugar

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

雪 (tuyết)

1. Hán tự form of tuyết, “snow”

ReferencesEdit

• Nom Foundation
• Chữ Nôm Project