Wiktionary

布

See also: 佈
布 U+5E03, 布
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E03
← 市
[U+5E02] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 帄 →
[U+5E04]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
Japan
 
(For Chinese,
swap
strokes 2 and 1.)

Han characterEdit

布 (Kangxi radical 50, 巾+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大中月 (KLB), four-corner 40227, composition ⿸𠂇巾)

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 328, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8778
  • Dae Jaweon: page 633, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 728, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5E03

ChineseEdit

trad. 布/佈
simp. 布
佈 – “to spread; to proclaim; to arrange; etc.”

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 布
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (父) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
抪 *paː, *paːs
布 *paːs
佈 *paːs
怖 *pʰaːs
斧 *paʔ
父 *paʔ, *baʔ
蚥 *paʔ, *baʔ
滏 *baʔ
釜 *baʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *paːs): phonetic 父 (OC *paʔ, *baʔ) + semantic 巾.

EtymologyEdit

"to spread out" (tr.)
Likely from Proto-Sino-Tibetan. Schuessler (2007) considers this sense to be cognate with:
"cloth"
"Cloth" is often thought to be the same etymon as "to spread (out)" (tr.). Alternatively, Schuessler thinks this sense's Austroasiatic origin more likely. Indeed, a late Han (漢) dynasty's word for "cotton", 幏布 *ka(H)-puoH (Shuowen, Hou Hanshu), was borrowed from the Austroasiatic-speaking Man-Yi peoples, and a Sanskrit loan (c. 430 CE) into Northwestern dialect is 古貝 *koX-peiH. Compare Proto-Austroasiatic *k-rn-pas and Proto-Mon-Khmer *kpaas (“cotton”), whence Khmer ក្របាស (krɑbaah), Bahnar kơpaih, Proto-Vietic *k-paːs (→ Vietnamese vải & Muong pái).
Additionally, Schuessler suggests that the Austroasiatic word was the source of Sanskrit कर्पास (karpāsa) & Ancient Greek κάρπασος (kárpasos). Still, earlier Johnson & Decker (1980) stated that "the problem of etymological origin of karpāsa has not been resolved".

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • bou3 - vernacular;
  • bu3 - literary.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 布
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
    Final (韻) 模 (23)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 愽故切
    Baxter puH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/puoH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/puoH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/poH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/pɔH/
    Li
    Rong         		/poH/
    Wang
    Li         		/puH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/puoH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		bù
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		bou3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 布
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		bù
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ puH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*pˁa-s/
    English cloth

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 布
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 3495
    Phonetic
    component         		父
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese         		/*paːs/

    DefinitionsEdit

    布

    1. cloth; textiles (Classifier: 匹; 塊／块)
      棉布  ―  miánbù  ―  cotton cloth
    2. to announce; to proclaim
      宣布  ―  xuānbù  ―  to declare, to proclaim, to announce
    3. to spread
      遍布  ―  biànbù  ―  to be found everywhere, to be spread all over
      烏雲密布／乌云密布  ―  wūyúnmìbù  ―  overcast
      老人臉上布滿了皺紋。 [MSC, trad.]
      老人脸上布满了皱纹。 [MSC, simp.]
      Lǎorén liǎn shàng bùmǎn le zhòuwén. [Pinyin]
      The old man's face is full of wrinkles.
    4. to deploy; to set out
      布署  ―  bùshǔ  ―  to lay out; to deploy
      布下圈套  ―  bù xià quāntào  ―  to set up a trap

    DescendantsEdit

    • → Lao: ຜ້າ (phā, “cloth”)
    • → Thai: ผ้า (pâa, “cloth”)

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 布

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    布

    (grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    布
    ぬの
    Grade: 5
    kun’yomi

    ⟨nuno1⟩ → */nunʷo/ → /nuno/

    From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *nono.

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    布(ぬの) • (nuno) 

    1. cloth
    2. (architecture) umbrella term for something wide, horizontal, level, parallel, etc. as in a piece of cloth
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    布
    ふ
    Grade: 5
    goon

    From Middle Chinese 布 (MC puoH).

    “Hawaii”

    Short form of ateji (当て字) spelling 布哇.

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    布(ふ) • (fu) 

    1. cloth
    2. Short for 布銭 (fusen): a type of bronze coin used during the Spring and Autumn period of ancient China

    AffixEdit

    布(ふ) • (fu) 

    1. cloth
    2. spread out evenly
    3. spread widely
    4. type of ancient Chinese currency
    5. (US) Short for ハワイ (“Hawaii (a state and former kingdom in the United States)”).

    Derived termsEdit

    Derived terms

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke; Stephen Wright Horn; et al. (eds.) (2023), “Old Japanese nunwo, ninwo”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese‎[1]
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
    4. ^ 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    布 • (po) (hangeul 포)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Old JapaneseEdit

    Etymology 1Edit

    From Proto-Japonic *nono. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

    NounEdit

    布 (nuno1) (kana ぬの)

    1. cloth
      • 711–712, Kojiki (Second scroll, Emperor Ōjin)
        而、其王子者、服二布衣褌一、既爲二賤人之形一、執レ檝立レ船。
        (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Derived termsEdit
    DescendantsEdit
    • Japanese: 布 (nuno)

    Etymology 2Edit

    The eastern variant, attested from an Azuma-uta poem in the Man’yōshū.

    NounEdit

    布 (nino1) (kana にの)

    1. (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) cloth
      • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3351), text here
        筑波禰爾由伎可母布良留伊奈乎可母加奈思吉児呂我爾努保佐流可母
        Tukupa-ne ni yuki1 ka mo puraru ina wo ka mo kanasiki1 ko1ro2 ga nino1 posaru ka mo
        (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    布: Hán Việt readings: bố (博(bác)故(cố)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
    布: Nôm readings: bố[1][2], vú[1][3], bó[1], bồ[1], vó[1], múa[2], búa[3], vố[3], bô[4]

    1. Nôm form of vú (“breast”).

    CompoundsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Trần (2004).
    4. ^ Hồ (1976).
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