Wiktionary

拳

See also: 挙
拳 U+62F3, 拳
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62F3
← 拲
[U+62F2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 拴 →
[U+62F4]

Translingual

edit

Han character

edit

拳 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 火手手 (FQQ), four-corner 90502, composition ⿱龹手)

edit

Derived characters

edit

References

edit
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 428, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11996
  • Dae Jaweon: page 777, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1864, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+62F3

Chinese

edit
simp. and trad.
 拳
alternative forms 搼

Glyph origin

edit
Characters in the same phonetic series (龹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
潫 *qroːn, *qon, *qron
豢 *ɡroːns
勬 *kron, *krons
韏 *kronʔ, *ɡrons, *kʰons
眷 *krons
桊 *krons
絭 *krons, *kʰrons, *kons, *kʰons, *koɡ
觠 *krons, *ɡron
飬 *krons
弮 *kʰron, *krons
拳 *ɡron
卷 *ɡron, *kronʔ, *krons, *ɡonʔ
齤 *ɡron
券 *kʰons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡron): phonetic 龹 + semantic 手 (“hand”) – a fist is a form of a hand.

Etymology

edit

From 卷 (OC *ɡron, “to bent; to curve”) (Schuessler, 2007; also cf. Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

Pronunciation

edit
Note:
  • kûn - vernacular;
  • koân/khoân - literary.
Rime
Character 拳
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 仙 (80)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 巨員切
Baxter gjwen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɡˠiuᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɡʷᵚiɛn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɡiuæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/gwian/
Li
Rong 		/ɡjuɛn/
Wang
Li 		/ɡĭwɛn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/gi̯wɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		quán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		kyun4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 拳
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		quán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ gjwen ›
Old
Chinese 		/*N-kro[n]/
English fist (< rolled-up hand)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 拳
Reading # 1/1
No. 7165
Phonetic
component
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		權
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡron/

Definitions

edit

拳

  1. fist
  2. Chinese boxing
    洪拳 [Cantonese]  ―  hung4 kyun4 [Jyutping]  ―  Hong Ga
    太極拳／太极拳  ―  tàijíquán  ―  tai chi; taijiquan
  3. Classifier for strikes made with a fist.
  4. Alternative form of 踡 (quán, “to curl; to bend up”)
  5. a surname

Synonyms

edit
Dialectal synonyms of 拳頭 (“fist”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 拳
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 拳頭, 拳
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 拳頭
Taiwan 拳頭
Ulanhot 拳頭
Tongliao 拳頭
Chifeng 拳頭
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 拳頭
Harbin 拳頭
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 拳頭, 拳
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 拳頭
Wanrong 槌頭子
Wanrong (Ronghe) 槌骨嘟
Zhengzhou 槌
Xi'an 槌頭子
Xining 槌頭, 槌骨嘟
Xuzhou 皮槌, 槌頭子
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 槌頭
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 槌頭
Bayanhot 拳頭, 槌頭
Lanzhou 槌頭
Ürümqi 槌頭
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 砣子, 皮砣子, 掟子
Wuhan 拳頭, 槌子
Guiyang 槌頭, 槌槌, 砣砣, 皮砣砣, 皮砣
Kunming 拳頭
Guilin 拳頭
Liuzhou 拳頭
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 拳頭
Yangzhou 拳頭
Nantong 拳頭
Hefei 拳頭
Cantonese Guangzhou 拳頭
Hong Kong 拳頭
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 拳頭
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 拳頭公
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 拳頭
Taishan 拳頭
Dongguan 拳頭牯, 拳頭
Yangjiang 拳頭, 槌頭
Xinyi 拳槌
Nanning 拳頭, 拳槌
Wuzhou 拳頭, 拳槌
Yulin 拳槌
Hepu (Lianzhou) 拳頭, 槌頭
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 拳頭
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 拳頭
Gan Nanchang 拳頭, 槌頭
Lichuan 拳頭
Pingxiang 槌頭牯
Hakka Meixian 拳頭
Dongguan (Qingxi) 拳頭
Heyuan (Bendihua) 拳牯
Wengyuan 拳頭
Liannan 拳
Jiexi 拳頭牯
Luhe 拳頭牯
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 拳頭嫲牯
Changting 拳頭
Wuping 拳頭
Wuping (Yanqian) 拳頭
Ninghua 拳頭牯, 拳頭
Yudu 拳頭牯, 拳頭
Ningdu 拳頭腦
Shicheng 拳頭牯
Tonggu (Sandu) 拳頭
Ganzhou (Panlong) 拳頭
Dayu 拳頭
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
Hong Kong 拳頭, 拳頭牯
Yangxi (Tangkou) 拳頭
Yangchun (Sanjia) 拳頭
Xinyi (Sihe) 拳頭
Xinyi (Qianpai) 拳頭
Gaozhou (Xindong) 拳頭
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 拳頭
Huazhou (Xin'an) 拳捶
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 拳, 拳頭
Lianjiang (Qingping) 拳頭
Mengshan (Xihe) 拳
Luchuan 拳
Luchuan (Daqiao) 槌
Senai (Huiyang) 拳頭
Huizhou Jixi 拳頭
Jin Taiyuan 圪都, 槌頭, 槌, 拳頭
Pingyao 圪都, 槌頭子
Xinzhou 拳頭, 圪督子, 槌頭
Taibus (Baochang) 拳頭
Linhe 槌頭
Jining 拳頭
Hohhot 拳頭, 槌頭, 圪頭, 圪都
Baotou 拳頭
Dongsheng 拳頭
Haibowan 槌頭
Northern Min Jian'ou 拳頭
Eastern Min Fuzhou 拳頭母, 拳頭
Fuqing 拳頭, 拳頭母
Southern Min Xiamen 拳頭母, 拳頭
Quanzhou 拳頭母, 拳頭
Jinjiang 拳頭母
Yongchun 拳頭母
Zhangzhou 拳頭母, 拳頭
Zhao'an 拳頭, 拳頭母
Dongshan 拳頭母
Taipei 拳頭母
New Taipei (Sanxia) 拳頭母
Kaohsiung 拳頭母, 拳頭
Yilan 拳頭, 拳頭母
Changhua (Lukang) 拳頭, 拳頭母
Taichung 拳頭母
Taichung (Wuqi) 拳頭母
Tainan 拳頭母
Taitung 拳頭母
Hsinchu 拳頭, 拳頭母
Kinmen 拳頭
Penghu (Magong) 拳頭, 拳頭母
Penang (Hokkien) 拳頭母
Manila (Hokkien) 拳頭母
Zhangping (Yongfu) 拳頭, 拳頭母
Pingnan (Shangdu) 拳頭母
Chaozhou 拳頭母
Shantou 拳頭母, 拳頭
Jieyang 拳頭母
Haifeng 拳頭
Bangkok (Teochew) 拳頭
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 拳頭
Wenchang 拳母, 拳頭母
Haikou 拳母, 拳
Puxian Min Putian 拳頭, 拳頭牯
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 拳頭牯
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 拳頭牯
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 拳頭, 拳頭母
Xianyou 拳頭牯
Xianyou (Fengting) 拳頭, 拳頭牯
Xianyou (Youyang) 拳頭, 拳頭牯
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 拳頭, 拳槌
Shehua Fu'an 拳頭
Fuding 拳頭
Luoyuan 拳頭
Sanming 拳頭
Shunchang 拳頭
Hua'an 拳頭
Cangnan 拳頭
Jingning (Hexi) 拳頭牯
Lishui 鋤頭牯
Longyou 鋤頭牯
Chaozhou 拳頭
Fengshun 拳頭牯
Wu Shanghai 拳頭
Shanghai (Chongming) 拳頭
Suzhou 拳頭
Wuxi 拳頭
Danyang 拳頭
Hangzhou 拳頭
Ningbo 拳頭
Wenzhou 拳, 拳頭
Jinhua 拳, 拳頭
Xiang Changsha 拳頭牯
Loudi 槌頭牯, 槌頭
Shuangfeng 槌頭牯
Hengyang 拳頭牯
Quanzhou 拳頭

Descendants

edit
Sino-Xenic (拳):
  • → Japanese: 拳(けん) (ken)
  • → Korean: 권(拳) (gwon)
  • → Vietnamese: quyền (拳)

Others:

Compounds

edit

Japanese

edit
Shinjitai 拳  
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3][4]
拳󠄁
拳+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1) 		 
拳󠄃
拳+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

edit
拳

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. ken, a game played with the hands; a game of hands; in Italian, mor(r)a, a game in which two (or more) players each suddenly display a hand showing zero to five fingers and call out what they think will be the sum of all fingers shown.
  2. fist, usually as a suffix in the names of martial art moves

Readings

edit

Compounds

edit

Etymology 1

edit
Kanji in this term
拳
こぶし
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Probably from Old Japanese. First cited to a text from 810 CE.[5]

Japanese dictionaries do not list any further derivation.[5][6][7] A surface analysis suggests that this term might be a compound. If so, possibly from 小 (ko, diminutive prefix) + 節 (fushi, “joint; knuckle; knob”).

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

拳(こぶし) • (kobushi) 

  1. [from 810] fist
  2. [from early 1300s] the shape of the hand when gripping a sword hilt
  3. [from early 1300s] (by extension) swordsmanship, ability with a sword
    Synonym: 腕前 (udemae, “ability”)
  4. [from 1500s] the shape of the hand when gripping a bow
  5. [from 1500s] (by extension) bowmanship, ability with a bow
    Synonym: 腕前 (udemae, “ability”)
  6. [from 1588] (by extension from the fist of a falconer) huntsmanship, hunting ability
  7. Alternative spelling of 辛夷 (kobushi, “Kobushi magnolia, Magnolia kobus”)
Derived terms
edit

Etymology 2

edit
Kanji in this term
拳
けん
Grade: S
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 拳 (MC gjwen).

The standalone noun senses are first cited to texts from the 1500s.[5]

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

拳(けん) • (ken) 

  1. [from 1500s] a fist
    Synonyms: 拳 (kobushi), 握り拳 (nigiri kobushi), 拳固 (genko), 拳骨 (genkotsu)
  2. [after 1560] any of the martial arts that use the fists for striking, such as 空手 (karate)
  3. [after 1644] any of several finger-shape games, including じゃんけんぽん (jankenpon, “rock paper scissors”)

Suffix

edit

拳(けん) • (-ken) 

  1. (martial arts) used in the names of styles, or moves that involve punching
    Antonym: 脚 (-kyaku)
    蟷(とう)螂(ろう)拳(けん)
    tōrōken
    mantis style
    太(たい)極(きょく)拳(けん)
    taikyokuken
    tai chi
    波(は)動(どう)拳(けん)
    Hadōken
    Surge Fist
    • 1999 February 20 [1994 April 15], Rumiko Takahashi, “ＰＡＲＴ(パート).２　[海](うみ)[千](せん)[拳](けん)と[山](やま)[千](せん)[拳](けん) [PART.2 Umisenken and Yamasenken]”, in らんま½ [Ranma ½], 10th edition, volume 28 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN:
      やつの目(もく)的(てき)はおそらく、山(やま)千(せん)拳(けん)と対(つい)をなす海(うみ)千(せん)拳(けん)の秘(ひ)伝(でん)書(しょ)。
      Yatsu no mokuteki wa osoraku, Yamasenken to tsui o nasu Umisenken no hidensho.
      He must be looking for the scroll for Umisenken, the antithesis of Yamasenken.
      海(うみ)千(せん)拳(けん)？
      Umisenken?
      Umisenken?
    • 2000 December 20 [1999 May 17], Maekawa, Takeshi, “水(すい)面(めん)の戦(たたか)いの巻(まき) [Water Struggle]”, in 新(しん)鉄(てっ)拳(けん)チンミ [New Ironfist Chinmi], 2nd edition, volume 6 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, pages 158–161:
      今(こん)度(ど)はこっちの番(ばん)だソウビ‼
      Kondo wa kotchi no ban da Sōbi‼
      It’s my turn now, Sōbi‼
      む
      Mu
      Mm?
      通(つう)‥‥背(はい)‥‥拳(けん)‼‼
      Tsū‥‥hai‥‥ken‼‼
      Tong‥‥bei‥‥quan‼‼
      通(つう)背(はい)拳(けん)⁉吊(つ)り橋(はし)でみせたあの技(わざ)で　水(みず)を‥‥‼
      Tsūhaiken⁉ Tsurihashi de miseta ano waza de Mizu o‥‥‼
      Tongbeiquan⁉ I saw him use this move at the suspension bridge, but now on water‥‥⁉
    • 2001 January 23, Masami Kurumada, “女神(アテナ)の聖闘士(セイント)の巻(まき) [Athena’s Saints]”, in Saint(セイント)星(セイ)矢(ヤ) [Saint Seiya], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 60:
      ペガサス流(りゅう)星(せい)拳(けん)‼
      Pegasasu Ryūseiken‼
      Pegasus Meteor Fists‼
    • 2004 September 8, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “第(だい)36話(わ)　カーニバル［祭(まつり)］ [Chapter 36: Carnival]”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン) [Armed Alchemy], volume 4, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
      直(ちょく)撃(げき)！ブラボー拳(けん)‼
      Chokugeki! Burabō-ken‼
      Direct! Bravo Punch‼

References

edit
  1. ^ “拳”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
  2. ^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “拳”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎[2] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
  3. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 945 (paper), page 522 (digital)
  4. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 579 (paper), page 302 (digital)
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  7. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  8. ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

edit

Etymology

edit

From Middle Chinese 拳 (MC gjwen).

Recorded as Middle Korean 꿘 (Yale: kkwen) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Recorded as Middle Korean 권 (kwen) (Yale: kwen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

edit
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

拳 (eumhun 주먹 권 (jumeok gwon))

  1. hanja form? of 권 (“fist”)

Compounds

edit

References

edit
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

edit

Han character

edit

拳: Hán Nôm readings: quyền, quèn, long, thành

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=拳&oldid=83813431"