杖
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Translingual edit
Han character edit
杖 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木十大 (DJK), four-corner 45900, composition ⿰木丈)
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 512, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14469
- Dae Jaweon: page 897, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1159, character 2
- Unihan data for U+6756
Chinese edit
simp. and trad. |
杖 | |
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alternative forms | 𨥅 |
Glyph origin edit
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *daŋʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 丈 (OC *daŋʔ).
Etymology edit
Thought to be the same word as 丈 (OC *daŋʔ) "gentleman, older man, husband", i.e. "someone who walks with, or leans on, a staff"; though unlikely.
According to Schuessler (2007), this is an areal word. Compare Mizo tiang (“staff, stick, crutch”), Old Khmer toŋ (“shaft, stock, shank”), -toṅa (“stock, stem, stick”), and Khmer ដង (dɑɑng, “pole, shaft, handle, yoke, body, trunk”). Benedict (1976) also compares this to Proto-Tai *de:ŋ ~ *tʰe:ŋ (“stick, bar”), Malay tiang (“pillar, post, pole”), Fijian ndia (“stick, handle”), and to reconstructed Proto-Austro-Tai *(n)ti(j)aŋ.
A derivative, attested in Zuozhuan as 杖 (zhàng), is the verb 仗 (OC *daŋs) "to lean on", with suffix *-s → *-h → 去聲/去声 (qùshēng).
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
杖
- walking stick
- staff; rod; cane; wand
- (historical) flogging with a stick
- † to flog (a prisoner)
- † to support; to prop
- † to hold; to grasp
- † Alternative form of 仗 (zhàng, “to rely on; to depend on”)
- (Eastern Min) Classifier for segments of sugarcane.
Compounds edit
- 不杖期夫
- 串杖
- 伯俞泣杖
- 倚杖
- 兵杖
- 几杖
- 刀杖器械
- 刑杖
- 哀杖
- 大杖則走/大杖则走
- 天杖
- 夾杖/夹杖
- 廷杖 (tíngzhàng)
- 手杖 (shǒuzhàng)
- 扶杖 (fúzhàng)
- 拐杖 (guǎizhàng)
- 拄杖 (zhǔzhàng)
- 持刀動杖/持刀动杖
- 拿刀動杖/拿刀动杖
- 搏杖
- 撇杖兒/撇杖儿
- 擔杖/担杖 (dànzhàng)
- 擀麵杖/擀面杖 (gǎnmiànzhàng)
- 明杖
- 杖子頭/杖子头
- 杖履
- 杖屨/杖屦
- 杖戟
- 杖斷/杖断
- 杖期
- 杖期夫
- 束杖理民
- 杖策
- 杖莫如信
- 杖藜
- 杖錢/杖钱
- 杖限
- 杖頭/杖头
- 杖頭木偶/杖头木偶
- 杖頭資/杖头资
- 杖頭錢/杖头钱
- 杖鼓 (zhànggǔ)
- 柱杖
- 枴杖 (guǎizhàng)
- 權杖/权杖 (quánzhàng)
- 泣杖
- 滿杖/满杖
- 禪杖/禅杖 (chánzhàng)
- 竹杖成龍/竹杖成龙
- 笞杖
- 策杖 (cèzhàng)
- 簳麵杖/簳面杖
- 綠玉杖/绿玉杖
- 脊杖
- 苴杖
- 葦戟桃杖/苇戟桃杖
- 葦杖/苇杖
- 藜杖 (lízhàng)
- 藤杖
- 虎杖 (hǔzhàng)
- 行杖
- 賣杖搖鈴/卖杖摇铃
- 邛杖
- 重杖
- 錫杖/锡杖 (xīzhàng)
- 雙頭火杖/双头火杖
- 魔杖 (mózhàng)
- 鳩杖/鸠杖
- 麵杖/面杖 (miànzhàng)
- 麵杖吹火/面杖吹火
- 齒杖/齿杖
- 龍頭拐杖/龙头拐杖
Descendants edit
References edit
- “杖”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese edit
Kanji edit
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
Readings edit
- Go-on: じょう (jō)←ぢやう (dyau, historical)
- Kan-on: ちょう (chō)←ちやう (tyau, historical)
- Kun: つえ (tsue, 杖)←つゑ (tuwe, 杖, historical)
Etymology 1 edit
Kanji in this term |
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杖 |
つえ Jinmeiyō |
kun’yomi |
⟨tuwe⟩ → /tuwe/ → /t͡suwe/ → /t͡suje/ → /t͡sue/
From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[1]
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- staff, stick, walking stick, cane, stave, strove, rod, wand
- 2000 March 1, “古代魔導士 [Ancient Mage]”, in BOOSTER 7, Konami:
- 数多くの杖を持ち、それぞれを使い分け多彩な攻撃をする。
- Kazuōku no tsue o mochi, sorezore o tsukaiwake tasai na kōgeki o suru.
- He wields an array of wands, each of which is used for a distinctive attack.
- 数多くの杖を持ち、それぞれを使い分け多彩な攻撃をする。
- something one leans on, a support
- a cane used for corporal punishment
- a particularly shaped stirring stick used to make New Year's porridge
- Synonym: 粥杖 (kayuzue)
- the stem of a pear
- (historical) a traditional unit of length
- (historical) approximately 3 meters
- (historical) seven 尺 (shaku, traditional Japanese foot) and five 寸 (sun, traditional Japanese inch), or approximately 2.3 meters
- (historical) a traditional unit of area
- (historical) one-fifth of a 段 (tan, traditional Japanese paddy size, roughly half of an English acre), or around 237m²
Usage notes edit
The Japanese term tsue can refer generally to a stick or staff of various lengths, as expressed by the range of English meanings apparent in the senses above.
Etymology 2 edit
Kanji in this term |
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杖 |
じょう Jinmeiyō |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 杖 (MC drjangX).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- a jo: a fighting staff, a little over 4 尺 (shaku, “a traditional unit of measure, about 30 cm or a foot”) long, shorter than a 棒 (bō, “quarterstaff”)
- (historical) under the ancient Ritsuryō system, caning as a form of corporal punishment
- (historical) a traditional unit of area: one-fifth of a 段 (tan, traditional Japanese paddy size, roughly half of an English acre), or around 237m²
Coordinate terms edit
Compounds edit
- 錫杖 (shakujō): a khakkhara, a Buddhist monk's "sounding staff"
- 杖道 (jōdō): a traditional Japanese martial art using a shortened staff
- 杖術 (jōjutsu): the techniques of jōdō, a traditional Japanese martial art using a shortened staff
References edit
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕa̠ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [장]
Hanja edit
杖 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
杖: Hán Nôm readings: trượng, rường
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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