棒

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

棒 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木手大手 (DQKQ), four-corner 4595₃, composition ⿰木奉)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 532, character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14929
Dae Jaweon: page 920, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1222, character 9
Unihan data for U+68D2

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		棒
alternative forms		棓 “stick”

Wikipedia has an article on:

棒

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (丰) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
邦	*proːŋ
梆	*proːŋ
垹	*proːŋ
肨	pʰroːŋs, pʰroːŋs
蚌	broːŋʔ, breːŋʔ
玤	*broːŋʔ
棒	*broːŋʔ
蜯	*broːŋʔ
琫	*poːŋʔ
菶	poːŋʔ, boːŋʔ
俸	poːŋʔ, boŋs
髼	*boːŋ
蜂	boːŋ, pʰoŋ
韸	*boːŋ
蓬	*boːŋ
篷	*boːŋ
唪	boːŋʔ, boŋʔ
埲	*boːŋʔ
丰	*pʰoŋ
妦	*pʰoŋ
仹	*pʰoŋ
峯	*pʰoŋ
峰	*pʰoŋ
鋒	*pʰoŋ
烽	*pʰoŋ
蠭	*pʰoŋ
桻	*pʰoŋ
莑	*pʰoŋ
夆	pʰoŋ, boŋ, *ɡaːds
捧	*pʰoŋʔ
逢	*boŋ
縫	boŋ, boŋs
漨	*boŋ
捀	boŋ, boŋs
奉	*boŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *broːŋʔ): semantic 木 (“tree, wood”) + phonetic 奉 (OC *boŋʔ) – a wooden club.

EtymologyEdit

The semantics may have developed as “stick” > “hard” > “excellent”; compare dialectal Mandarin 槓／杠 (gàng) (Yang, 2012).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): bàng (bang⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄤˋ

(Chengdu, SP): bang⁴

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): бон (bon, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): paang⁵

(Taishan, Wiktionary): pang⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): pong⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): pong

(Meixian, Guangdong): bung³
Jin (Wiktionary): bon³
Min Bei (KCR): bō̤ng
Min Dong (BUC): bâung
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): pāng / pǎng

(Teochew, Peng'im): bang⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): ³baan
Xiang (Wiktionary): ban⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bàng
  - Wade–Giles: pang⁴
  - Yale: bàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: banq
  - Palladius: бан (ban)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: bang⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paŋ²¹³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: бон (bon, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑŋ⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: paang⁵
  - Yale: páahng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: paang⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: pang⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaːŋ¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: pang⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaŋ²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: pong⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɔŋ¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pong
  - Hakka Romanization System: bong
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bong⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /poŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: bung³
  - Sinological IPA: /pʊŋ³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: bon³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /pɒ̃⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bō̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔŋ⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bâung
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑuŋ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pāng
  - Tâi-lô: pāng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pang
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /paŋ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /paŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pǎng
  - Tâi-lô: pǎng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /paŋ²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bang⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: păng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paŋ³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ³baan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /b̥ɑ̃²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ban⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pan⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: /bˠʌŋ^X/

Rime
Character	棒
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	江 (9)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	步項切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠʌŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚɔŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/bɔŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/baɨwŋ^X/
Li Rong	/bɔŋ^X/
Wang Li	/bɔŋ^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱɔŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bong⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*broːŋʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	棒
Reading #	1/1
No.	3207
Phonetic component	丰
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	㭋
Old Chinese	/*broːŋʔ/
Notes	說文作棓

DefinitionsEdit

棒

stick; club; truncheon
to hit with a stick
(figurative) baton; responsibility; succession
(Mandarin, colloquial) hefty; strong
(Mandarin, colloquial) terrific; smart; handsome; excellent; skillful
這篇文章寫得多棒啊，背下來。 [MSC, trad.]
这篇文章写得多棒啊，背下来。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhè piān wénzhāng xiě de duō bàng a, bèi xiàlái. [Pinyin]
How excellently written is this article! Learn it by heart.

SynonymsEdit

Dialectal synonyms of 厲害 (“impressive; excellent; amazing; fantastic”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Mandarin	Beijing	牛, 牛兒, 牛屄 vulgar
	Taiwan	厲害, 棒
	Malaysia	厲害, 夠力
	Singapore	厲害
Cantonese	Guangzhou	犀利, 勁
	Hong Kong	犀利, 勁, 勁抽, 堅抽
	Penang (Guangfu)	犀利
	Singapore (Guangfu)	犀利, 勁
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	厲害, 慶
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	厲害, 慶, 壁
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	厲害, 慶
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	厲害, 慶
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	厲害, 慶
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	厲害, 慶
	Hong Kong	叻
	Kuching (Hepo)	慶
Min Nan	Xiamen	厲害
	Shishi	厲害
	Zhao'an	厲害
	Tainan	厲害
	Penang (Hokkien)	厲害
	Singapore (Hokkien)	厲害, 勥, 𠢕
	Manila (Hokkien)	厲害, 勥, 𠢕
	Haifeng	厲害
	Singapore (Teochew)	厲害
Wu	Shanghai	扎勁, 結棍
Xiang	Changsha	䏧腮

(Cantonese) (excellent): 正 (zeng3)

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 棒

交棒 (jiāobàng)
冰棒 (bīngbàng)
包米棒子
吃棒
哨棒
哭竹棒
回力棒
好棒 (hǎobàng)
少棒
巨棒
巨棒外交
拳棒
持刀弄棒
接力棒 (jiēlìbàng)
接棒
接棒人 (jiēbàngrén)
控制棒 (kòngzhìbàng)
擦棒球 (cābàngqiú)
木棒 (mùbàng)
梢棒
棍棒 (gùnbàng)
棒喝 (bànghè)
棒子 (bàngzi)
棒子手
棒客
棒槌 (bàngchuí)
棒球 (bàngqiú)
棒球卡

椎棒
火棒
炭精棒
狼牙棒
球棒 (qiúbàng)
琴棒 (qínbàng)
矽碳棒
硬式棒球
硬棒
磁棒 (cíbàng)
花棒
花棒舞
蒲棒
赤棒
金箍棒 (jīngūbàng)
限棒
青少棒
青棒
亂棒胡敲／乱棒胡敲
哭喪棒／哭丧棒 (kūsāngbàng)
回飛棒／回飞棒 (huífēibàng)
夾槍帶棒／夹枪带棒
強棒／强棒
拖鎗拽棒／拖枪拽棒
指揮棒／指挥棒 (zhǐhuībàng)
撥火棒／拨火棒
桿棒／杆棒
棒兒香／棒儿香 (bàngrxiāng)

棒壇／棒坛
棒子麵／棒子面 (bàngzimiàn)
棒狀桿菌／棒状杆菌 (bàngzhuàng gǎnjūn)
棒球場／棒球场
棒球賽／棒球赛
棒球隊／棒球队
棒瘡／棒疮 (bàngchuāng)
棒針／棒针 (bàngzhēn)
棒針衫／棒针衫 (bàngzhēnshān)
棒頭／棒头 (bàngtóu)
殺威棒／杀威棒
當頭一棒／当头一棒
當頭棒喝／当头棒喝 (dāngtóubànghè)
窮棒子／穷棒子 (qióngbàngzi)
職棒／职棒 (zhíbàng)
藕棒兒／藕棒儿
記憶棒／记忆棒 (jìyìbàng)
軟式棒球／软式棒球
迎頭棒喝／迎头棒喝
連廂棒／连厢棒
金錢棒／金钱棒
金錢棒舞／金钱棒舞
鐵棒／铁棒 (tiěbàng)
雙棒兒／双棒儿 (shuāngbàngr)
電棒／电棒 (diànbàng)
馬棒／马棒
黃桑棒／黄桑棒

DescendantsEdit

Sino-Xenic (棒):

→ Japanese: 棒(ぼう) (bō)

Others:

→ Thai: พลอง (plɔɔng)
⇒ Thai: กระบอง (grà-bɔɔng), ตะบอง (dtà-bɔɔng)

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

棒

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

bar, staff, stick, pole, walking stick, cane, stave, strove, rod, wand, (shepherd's) crook.
straight line.

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)^{←ばう (bau, historical)}
Kan-on: ほう (hō)^{←はう (fau, historical)}
Kun: つえ (tsue, 棒)^{←つゑ (tuwe, historical)}

EtymologyEdit

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

棒

Wikipedia ^ja

Kanji in this term
棒
ぼう Grade: 6
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 棒 (MC bˠʌŋ^X). The goon pronunciation, so likely an earlier borrowing.

PronunciationEdit

On’yomi: Goon

(Tokyo) ぼー [bòó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [bo̞ː]

NounEdit

棒(ぼう) • (bō) ^{←ばう (bau)^?}

a staff, measuring 6 shaku (about 1.8 meters), used in martial arts such as 棒術 (bōjutsu)
(by extension) stick-like or long, cylindrical item: pointer, pole, rod, etc.
棒(ぼう)を持(も)つ
bō o motsu
to hold a pointer

うまい棒(ぼう)
Umaibō
Umaibō (a cylinder-shaped snack food)

棒(ぼう)のぼり
bō-nobori
pole climbing (found in elementary schools to train the strength of students)
(by extension) a straight line; bar
(by extension) state of being in a "straight line"; continuous
taut leg muscles due to fatigue (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)
(Buddhism) staff used by practitioners of Zen Buddhism

ReferencesEdit

^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

棒 (eumhun 몽둥이 봉 (mongdung'i bong))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

棒: Hán Nôm readings: vổng, bọng, bộng, bổng, búng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]