葉
TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
葉 (radical 140 艸+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 廿心廿木 (TPTD), four-corner 44904, composition ⿱艹枼)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1044, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31387
- Dae Jaweon: page 1504, character 18
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3243, character 15
- Unihan data for U+8449
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 葉 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 叶 | |
Glyph originEdit
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hljeb, *leb): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 枼 (OC *leb, “flat”).
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-lap (“leaf”). Cognate with Tibetan ལོ་མ (lo ma, “leaf”), Western Tibetan ལོབ་མ (lob ma, “leaf”). Related to 世 (OC *hljebs, “world”).
This is part of the word family *lVp meaning “flat”, represented by the phonetic component 枼 (OC *leb). Compare also 茶 (OC *rlaː, “tea < *leaf”).
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jip6, sip3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ya̍p
- Min Nan (POJ): ia̍p
- Wu (Wiktionary): hhiq (T5)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ
- Wade-Giles: yeh4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeh
- IPA (key): /i̯ɛ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: jip6, sip3
- Yale: yihp, sip
- Cantonese Pinyin: jip9, sip8
- IPA (key): /jiːp̚²/, /siːp̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ya̍p
- Hakka Romanization System: iab
- Hagfa Pinyim: yab6
- IPA: /i̯ap̚⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ya̍p
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iab
- Hagfa Pinyim: yab6
- IPA: /(j)i̯ap̚⁵/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍p
- Tâi-lô: ia̍p
- Phofsit Daibuun: iap
- IPA (Taipei): /iap̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /iap̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: hhiq (T5)
- IPA (key): /ɦi̯ɪʔ¹²/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 葉 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /iɛ⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /iɛ⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /ie⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /iə²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /iə⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /iɛ²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /iɛ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /i⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ie¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /iə¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /iɤ²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /ie²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /ie³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /ie²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /iɛ³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ieʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /iɐʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /iəʔ²/ |
| Pingyao | /iʌʔ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /iaʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦiɪʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /ɦiəʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɦiəʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ji²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ie²²/ |
| Tunxi | /ia¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ie²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /ie²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /iɛʔ²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /iap̚⁵/ |
| Taoyuan | /ʒɑp̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jip̚²/ |
| Nanning | /jip̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /jip̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /iap̚⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /ieʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /t͡sia⁴²/ /xiɛ²⁴/ |
|
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /iap̚⁵/ /hioʔ⁵/ 訓讀 |
|
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /iap̚³/ 姓 /hio³³/ 訓箬 |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 葉 | 葉 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 書 (26) |
| Final (韻) | 葉 (155) | 葉 (155) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 與涉切 | 書涉切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/jiᴇp̚/ | /ɕiᴇp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/jiɛp̚/ | /ɕiɛp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/jæp̚/ | /ɕjæp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/jiap̚/ | /ɕiap̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/iɛp̚/ | /ɕiɛp̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/jĭɛp̚/ | /ɕĭɛp̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/i̯ɛp̚/ | /ɕi̯ɛp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yè | she |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 葉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
yè |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ yep › |
| Old Chinese |
/*l[a]p/ |
| English | leaf |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 葉 | 葉 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 11557 | 11561 |
| Phonetic component |
世 | 世 |
| Rime group |
盍 | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
攝 | 葉 |
| Old Chinese |
/*hljeb/ | /*leb/ |
DefinitionsEdit
葉
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 葉
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
葉
ReadingsEdit
- Goon: よう (yō), (historical) えふ (efu), しょう (shō) (non-Jōyō reading)
- Kan’on: よう (yō), しょう (shō)
- Kun: は (ha)
- Nanori: よ (yo), わ (wa)
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 葉 |
| は Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi |
/pa/ → /fa/ → /ha/
From Old Japanese.[1] Probably cognate with Old Japanese verb 生ゆ (hayu, “to sprout, to grow”) → modern 生える (haeru), and with 羽 (ha, “feather; wing”). Probably also cognate with 歯 (ha, “tooth”) from the way that both sprout and then later fall, and with 刃 (ha, “blade”) from similarities in shape.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
葉 (counter 枚, hiragana は, romaji ha)
SynonymsEdit
- 葉っぱ (happa)
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 葉 |
| よう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi |
/epu/ → /efu/ → /eu/ → /yoː/
From Middle Chinese 葉 (yep, “leaf”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
葉 (hiragana よう, romaji yō, historical hiragana えふ)
- leaf, needle, blade (of a plant)
- a season, an age: a shorter period of time within a longer one
- an administration: the period of time during which a certain person holds a certain office
CounterEdit
葉 (hiragana よう, romaji -yō, historical hiragana えふ)
ReferencesEdit
- ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
葉 • (yeop, seop) (hangeul 엽, 섭, McCune-Reischauer yŏp, sŏp, Yale yep, sep)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
OkinawanEdit
KanjiEdit
葉
EtymologyEdit
Derived from Proto-Japonic pa. Cognate with Kunigami phaá, Middle Japanese ɸa, and modern Japanese ha.
NounEdit
CompoundsEdit
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
葉 (diệp, diếp, dợp, dớp, đẹp, giấp, giẹp, nhịp, riếp, dào)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.