U+795E, 神
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-795E

[U+795D]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+795F]

U+FA19, 神
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA19

[U+FA18]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+FA1A]

Translingual edit

Stroke order (Mainland China)
 

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 113, +5, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 9 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 戈火中田中 (IFLWL), four-corner 35206, composition (GHTJV) or (K or U+FA19))

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 842, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24673
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1261, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2392, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+795E

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𥙍
𥛠
 
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
     

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *hlin) : semantic (god; deity) + phonetic (OC *hlin, lightning).

Originally in the oracle bone script and in some bronze inscriptions. The ancients feared the unpredictable lightning and considered it to be divine or of divine origin. was added for specialization.

Etymology 1 edit

Possibly Sino-Tibetan; compare Chepang ग्‍लीङ्‌ह (gliŋh, spirit, mind, soul) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation edit



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʂən³⁵/
Harbin /ʂən²⁴/
Tianjin /ʂən⁴⁵/
/sən⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʂẽ⁴²/
Qingdao /ʃə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂən⁴²/
Xi'an /ʂẽ²⁴/
Xining /ʂə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʂə̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /sən²¹³/
Chengdu /sən³¹/
Guiyang /sen²¹/
Kunming /ʂə̃³¹/
Nanjing /ʂən²⁴/
Hefei /ʂən⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /səŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ʂəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /sə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /zən¹³/
Hangzhou /zen²¹³/
Wenzhou /zaŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /ɕiʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ɕian⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ʂən¹³/
Xiangtan /ʂən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /sɨn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /sən¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʃen¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐn²¹/
Nanning /sɐn²¹/
Hong Kong /sɐn²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sin³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /siŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /seiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /siŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tin³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (27)
Final () (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter zyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʑiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʑin/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʑjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʑin/
Li
Rong
/d͡ʑiĕn/
Wang
Li
/d͡ʑĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren
/d͡ʑʰi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shén
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
san4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shén
Middle
Chinese
‹ zyin ›
Old
Chinese
/*Cə.li[n]/
English spirit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 11245
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*hlin/

Definitions edit

  1. (religion) god; deity; spirit
      ―  shénwèi  ―  spirit tablet
      ―  cáishén  ―  god of wealth
      ―  shén  ―  god of death
    守護守护  ―  shǒuhùshén  ―  tutelary deity
      ―  shénlùn  ―  atheism
      ―  shénjiào  ―  monotheism
    1. (Protestantism, specifically) God
  2. spirit; soul; mind
  3. expression; countenance; appearance
  4. supernatural; magic; psychic
  5. extraordinary; unbelievable; sublime
  6. a surname. Shen
  7. (neologism, Internet slang) Sinophobe of Chinese nationality
Synonyms edit
  • (god):

Compounds edit

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (しん) (shin)
  • Korean: 신(神) (sin)
  • Vietnamese: thần ()

Others:

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit


Definitions edit

  1. Only used in 神荼 (Shēnshū).

References edit

Japanese edit

Shinjitai
Kyūjitai
[1]


&#xFA19;
or
+&#xFE00;?
 
神󠄀
+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
神󠄃
+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji edit

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanjishinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form )

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
かみ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)
 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

⟨kami2 → */kamɨ//kami/

From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kamuy.

Not related to (kami1 → kami, top, upper) or (kami, hair).

Often appears in compounds as kamu- or kan-, indicating that kami is a unbound form deriving from */kamui/. Such apophony has occurred in other Japanese terms, such as (me, ma-, eye) or (sake, saka-, sake, liquor). See also WT:AJPX#Standalone forms and combining forms.

Compare Korean (geom, god, spirit) and Ainu カムイ (kamuy, god).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

(かみ) (kami

  1. (Shinto) a spirit or an essence present in all things, the main subject of worship of Shinto
  2. (by extension, religion) a deity, god
  3. (by extension) thunder
  4. a Shinto shrine
  5. a person of outstanding talent or skill
  6. (Internet slang, attributive) something amazing; great; fantastic; awesome
    (かみ)(きょく)kamikyokuamazing song
    (かみ)ゲーkamiamazing game
Quotations edit

For quotations using this term, see Citations:神.

Derived terms edit
Descendants edit

Proper noun edit

(かみ) (Kami

  1. (Christianity) God
Quotations edit

For quotations using this term, see Citations:神.

See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
しん
Grade: 3
kan’on
Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese (MC zyin). The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound) reading, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.

Compare modern Mandarin (shén).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

(しん) (shin

  1. (religion) a deity, god, kami
  2. a mysterious or incomprehensible force, compare English act of God
  3. a mind, soul, spirit
  4. Short for 神道 (shintō): Shinto
Derived terms edit

Affix edit

(しん) (shin

  1. deity, god, kami
  2. mysterious or incomprehensible force
  3. mind, soul, spirit
  4. Short for 神道 (shintō): Shinto
  5. Short for 神戸 (Kōbe, Kōbe (a city in Japan)).
    阪神(はんしん) (hanshin)
Derived terms edit

Etymology 3 edit

Kanji in this term
じん
Grade: 3
goon
Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese (MC zyin).

The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound) reading, so likely the earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

(じん) (jin

  1. (rare) Same as しん (shin) above

Affix edit

(じん) (jin

  1. deity, god, kami
  2. mysterious or incomprehensible force
Derived terms edit

Etymology 4 edit

Kanji in this term

Grade: 3
irregular
Alternative spellings
(kyūjitai)

⟨mi1 → */mʲi//mi/

From Old Japanese.

Cognate with (mi-), an honorific prefix originally used to refer to gods and other high-status objects.

Noun edit

() (mi

  1. (rare) a god or spirit
Derived terms edit

References edit

  1. ^ ”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  3. 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese (MC zyin). Recorded as Middle Korean (sin) (Yale: sin) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 귀신 (gwisin sin))

  1. Hanja form? of (ghost; spirit; phantom; god).

Compounds edit

References edit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

Okinawan edit

Kanji edit

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanjishinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form )

Readings edit

Etymology edit

Kanji in this term
かみ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

From Proto-Ryukyuan *kami.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

(かみ) (kami

  1. a spirit or an essence present in all things
  2. a god, deity

References edit


Old Japanese edit

Compounds edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Japonic *kamuy.

Can be parsed as a compound of bound apophonic (kamu) +‎ (i, emphatic nominative particle).

Noun edit

(kami2) (kana かみ)

  1. a spirit or an essence present in all things
  2. a god, deity
  3. (by extension) an Emperor or Empress regnant of Japan
  4. an evil spirit, such as a snake or wild beast
Quotations edit

For quotations using this term, see Citations:神.

Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
  • Japanese: (kami)

Etymology 2 edit

Cognate with (mi1-), an honorific prefix originally used to refer to gods and other high-status objects.

Alternative forms edit

Noun edit

(mi1) (kana )

  1. (rare) a god or spirit
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit

Vietnamese edit

Chữ Hán edit

: Hán Việt readings: thần[1][2][3]
: Nôm readings: thần[1][2], thằn[1], thườn[3]

  1. chữ Hán form of thần (deity).

References edit