竊

See also: 窃

竊	U+7ACA, 竊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7ACA

← 竉
[U+7AC9]

CJK Unified Ideographs

立 →
[U+7ACB]

TranslingualEdit

Japanese	窃
Simplified	窃
Traditional	竊

Han characterEdit

竊 (radical 116, 穴+17, 22 strokes, cangjie input 十金竹木月 (JCHDB), four-corner 3092₇, composition ⿱穴⿰釆⿳⺊𠔿禸)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 870, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25713
Dae Jaweon: page 1299, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2747, character 7
Unihan data for U+7ACA

ChineseEdit

trad.		竊
simp.		窃
alternative forms		𫞺𫁝 (historical variant) 𥨱 (historical variant) 𥨵 (corrupted form) 𢿝 (ancient form) 𫞺𫁝 (historical variant) 𥨱 (historical variant) 𥨵 (corrupted form) 𢿝 (ancient form) 𥩓

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 竊
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

The current form likely derives from a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰleːd): semantic 宀 + phonetic 䊪 (OC *m·raːds, *m·rads, *m·raːd), as attested in the Western Han period. 宀 is later replaced with 穴, and 萬 corrupts into 廿 and 禼. Based on the corrupted form, Shuowen erroneously interprets this character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰleːd): semantic 穴 (“cave; hole”) + semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 廿 (OC *zid) + phonetic 禼 (OC *sed). In the current form, 廿 is omitted and 米 is replaced with 釆.

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiè (qie⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sit³
Min Dong (BUC): chiék
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chhiat / chhiap

(Teochew, Peng'im): ciab⁴ / ciag⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: qiè
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄝˋ
  - Wade–Giles: chʻieh⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chieh
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciè
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰjɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: sit³
  - Yale: sit
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sit⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: xid³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːt̚³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chiék
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiɛʔ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiat / chhiap
  - Tâi-lô: tshiat / tshiap
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiad, chiab
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕʰiɛt̚³²/, /t͡ɕʰiap̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɛt̚⁵/, /t͡ɕʰiap̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɛt̚³²/, /t͡ɕʰiap̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕʰiɛt̚³²/, /t͡ɕʰiap̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiɛt̚³²/, /t͡ɕʰiap̚³²/

Note:

chhiat - literary;
chhiap - vernacular (俗).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: ciab⁴ / ciag⁴
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiap / tshiak
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiap̚²/, /t͡sʰiak̚²/

Note:

ciab4 - Chaozhou;
ciag4 - Shantou.

Middle Chinese: /t͡sʰet̚/

Rime
Character	竊
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	屑 (87)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	千結切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰet̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰet̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰɛt̚/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰet̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰiet̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰiet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qie
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cit³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤet/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰleːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	竊
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiè
Middle Chinese	‹ tshet ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]ˁet/
English	steal
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	竊
Reading #	1/1
No.	10472
Phonetic component	竊
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*sʰleːd/

DefinitionsEdit

竊

to steal
thief
to acquire illegitimately; to usurp
secretly; stealthily
(literary, humble) personally
- 臣竊計，君宮中積珍寶，狗馬實外廄，美人充下陳。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  臣窃计，君宫中积珍宝，狗马实外厩，美人充下陈。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5^th – 3^rd centuries BCE
  Chén qiè jì, jūn gōng zhōng jī zhēn bǎo, gǒu mǎ shí wài jiù, měirén chōng xiàzhèn. [Pinyin]
  I took the liberty to make an assessment and saw that the palace of our lord was piled full of precious things and treasures, with dogs and horses filling the outside stable and beautiful women filling the front hall.

CompoundsEdit

JapaneseEdit

Shinjitai	窃
Kyūjitai	竊

KanjiEdit

竊

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 窃)

to steal (“nusumu” reading)
secret; hushed, quietly (“hisoka” reading)

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: せち (sechi)
Kan-on: せつ (setsu)
Kun: ぬすむ (nusumu, 竊む); ひそか (hisoka, 竊か)

KoreanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Chinese 竊 (MC t͡sʰet̚).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 쳐ᇙ〮 (Yale: chyélq) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 졀〮 (Yale: cyél) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

PronunciationEdit

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʌ̹ɭ]
Phonetic hangul: [절]

HanjaEdit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

竊

Wikisource

竊 (eumhun 훔칠 절 (humchil jeol))

Hanja form^? of 절 (“to steal”).

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

표절 (剽竊, pyojeol)
절도 (竊盜, jeoldo)
절취 (竊取, jeolchwi)

ReferencesEdit

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

竊: Hán Nôm readings: thiết

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