穴

See also: 六, 冘, and 宂

穴	U+7A74, 穴 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A74

← 穳
[U+7A73]

CJK Unified Ideographs

穵 →
[U+7A75]

⽳	U+2F73, ⽳ KANGXI RADICAL CAVE

← ⽲
[U+2F72]

Kangxi Radicals

⽴ →
[U+2F74]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 116 穴

穴 (radical 116, 穴+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 十金 (JC), four-corner 3080₂, composition ⿱宀八)

Kangxi radical #116, ⽳.

Derived charactersEdit

Appendix:Chinese radical/穴
𠱇, 坹, 𡯜, 岤, 㧒, 泬, 狖, 柼, 𡯠, 𦙮, 𥄴, 𥑫, 𮂾, 袕, 䋉, 𦥨, 𧉢, 䛎, 貁, 𫙕, 鴥(𫛣), 䴳, 𪕏
鴪, 帘, 𧉴, 𧦱, 𥧢, 屄, 茓, 𡢠, 𢱑, 攨, 㴏, 矈, 臱, 邃, 邉

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 862, character 20
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25406
Dae Jaweon: page 1288, character 37
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2718, character 1
Unihan data for U+7A74

ChineseEdit

trad.		穴
simp. ^#		穴

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 穴
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)	Kangxi Dictionary (compiled in Qing)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts	Ming typeface

Characters in the same phonetic series (穴) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
泬	*qʰʷliːɡ
坹	qʰʷliːɡ, ɡʷliːɡ
穴	*ɡʷliːɡ
袕	ɡʷliːɡ, ɢʷjiɡ
鴪	*ɢʷiɡ

Pictogram (象形)—possibly an entrance to a cave or a door flap.

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xué, xuè

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄝˊ, ㄒㄩㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyut⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hie̍t / hia̍t
Min Bei (KCR): hiē
Min Dong (BUC): hiĕk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hia̍t

(Teochew, Peng'im): huag⁸ / huêg⁸
Wu (Wiktionary): hhyq (T5)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Pinyin: xué
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˊ
  - Wade–Giles: hsüeh²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyue
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syué
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕɥɛ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Pinyin: xuè
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˋ
  - Wade–Giles: hsüeh⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiueh
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syuè
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕɥɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyut⁶
  - Yale: yuht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyt⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yud⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːt̚²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hie̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: hied
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hiad⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯et̚⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hia̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: hiad
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hiad⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯at̚⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hiē
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xiɛ⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hiĕk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hieʔ⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hia̍t
  - Tâi-lô: hia̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiat
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiɛt̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɛt̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɛt̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiɛt̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɛt̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huag⁸ / huêg⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hua̍k / hue̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huak̚⁴/, /huek̚⁴/

Note:

huag8 - Shantou;
huêg8 - Chaozhou.

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: hhyq (T5)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦɥ̯ɪʔ¹²/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 穴
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕyɛ⁵¹/ /ɕyɛ³⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕyɛ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ɕye⁵³/
	Jinan	/ɕyə⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ɕyə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕyɛ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiɛ²⁴/
	Xining	/ɕi²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕye¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕyə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕyɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ɕye²¹³/ 新 /ɕie²¹³/ 舊
	Chengdu	/ɕie³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕie²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ³¹/
	Nanjing	/ɕyeʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ɕyɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕyəʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao	/ɕyʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ɕyaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦioʔ¹/ /ɦyɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ɦyəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦyəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/jy²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕye²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/ɕyɛ⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕie²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕʰyæ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕyɵʔ²/
Hakka	Meixian	/hiat̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hiet̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jyt̚²/
	Nanning	/yt̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/jyt̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hiat̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hieʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xiɛ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/huak̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hit̚³/

Middle Chinese: /ɦwet̚/

Rime
Character	穴
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	屑 (88)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	胡決切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦwet̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷet̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwɛt̚/
Li Rong	/ɣuet̚/
Wang Li	/ɣiwet̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣiwet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xué
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyut⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷˤi[t]/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷliːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	穴
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xué
Middle Chinese	‹ hwet ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷˁi[t]/
English	cave, pit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	穴
Reading #	1/1
No.	14092
Phonetic component	穴
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	穴
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷliːɡ/

DefinitionsEdit

穴

SynonymsEdit

(hole):

Dialectal synonyms of 孔 (“hole”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		孔, 洞, 穴
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		孔, 洞, 孔洞, 空洞, 空穴
Mandarin	Beijing	窟窿
	Jinan	窟窿
	Luoyang	窟窿
	Wanrong	窟窿
	Xi'an	窟窿子, 窟窿
	Wuhan	窟窿, 窟眼, 洞洞, 洞
	Chengdu	窟窿, 洞洞, 洞
	Liuzhou	窿
	Yangzhou	洞, 窟窿
	Nanjing	窟窿
	Hefei	窟窿, 洞
	Singapore	洞
Cantonese	Guangzhou	窿, 咕窿
	Hong Kong	窿, 咕窿
	Yangjiang	窿
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	窿
	Singapore (Guangfu)	窿
Gan	Nanchang	洞
Hakka	Meixian	窿仔, 窿空仔
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	空
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	空
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	空
	Dongshi (Dabu)	空
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	空
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	空
Jin	Taiyuan	窟窿, 窟子
Min Bei	Jian'ou	川
Min Dong	Fuzhou	空空
Min Nan	Xiamen	空, 空口
	Quanzhou	空
	Zhangzhou	空口
	Changtai	空
	Taipei	空
	Penang (Hokkien)	空
	Singapore (Hokkien)	空
	Manila (Hokkien)	空
	Chaozhou	空
	Jieyang	空, 洞
	Haifeng	空
	Singapore (Teochew)	空
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	窿
Wu	Suzhou	洞
	Wenzhou	洞, 窟, 窟窿
	Jinhua	窟窿
Xiang	Changsha	洞, 洞子
Xiang	Shuangfeng	眼貢, 洞