Wiktionary

狗

See also: 豿
狗 U+72D7, 狗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72D7
← 狖
[U+72D6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 狘 →
[U+72D8]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han character edit

狗 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 大竹心口 (KHPR), four-corner 47220, composition ⿰犭句)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 709, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20345
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1121, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1341, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+72D7

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
 狗
alternative forms 豿 “cub”
㺃

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 狗
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
     
Characters in the same phonetic series (句) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
勾 *koː, *koːs
鉤 *koː
鴝 *koː, *ɡo
句 *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo
夠 *koː, *koːs, *kʰoː
枸 *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ
軥 *koː, *koːs, *ɡo
狗 *koːʔ
苟 *koːʔ
岣 *koːʔ, *ko
笱 *koːʔ
玽 *koːʔ
耇 *koːʔ
豿 *koːʔ, *qʰroːɡ
敂 *koːʔ
怐 *koːs, *kʰoːs, *qʰoːs, *kos
雊 *koːs
竘 *kʰoːʔ, *kʰoʔ
齁 *qʰoː
呴 *qʰoːʔ, *qʰos
蚼 *qʰoːʔ, *ɡo
豞 *qʰoːs
訽 *qʰoːs, *ɡoːs
佝 *qʰoːs
拘 *ko
駒 *ko
眗 *ko
跔 *ko
鮈 *ko
痀 *ko
蒟 *koʔ, *kos
絇 *kos, *ɡo
邭 *kos
劬 *ɡo
朐 *ɡo
鼩 *ɡo
斪 *ɡo
翑 *ɡo
葋 *ɡo
姁 *ɡo, *qʰo, *qʰoʔ, *qʰos
欨 *qʰo, *qʰoʔ
喣 *qʰoʔ
煦 *qʰoʔ, *qʰos
昫 *qʰos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːʔ) : semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo).

Etymology edit

From some language ancestral to modern Hmong-Mien languages, from Proto-Hmong-Mien *qluwˣ (“dog”), perhaps from Proto-Austronesian *(u-)(ŋ)kuɣkuɣ (“dog”) (Norman, 1988; Benedict, 1996).

Alternatively, STEDT derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n (“dog”), whence also 犬 (OC *kʰʷeːnʔ).

Less likely, it may be related to 駒 (OC *ko, “foal”), 羔 (OC *kluː, “lamb”), 𤘽 (“calf”) (Wang, 1982).

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • ě - vernacular;
  • gě - literary.
Note:
  • káu - vernacular;
  • kó͘/kió - literary.
Note: 3keu (Hangzhounese) - older speakers only.
Rime
Character 狗
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古厚切
Baxter kuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kəuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kəuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kəwX/
Li
Rong 		/kuX/
Wang
Li 		/kəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gau2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 狗
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gǒu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kuwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Cə.kˁroʔ/
English dog

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 狗
Reading # 1/1
No. 7068
Phonetic
component 		句
Rime
group 		侯
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		苟
Old
Chinese 		/*koːʔ/

Definitions edit

 
狗

狗

  1. dog (Classifier: 隻／只 m c mn; 條／条 m)
    餵狗／喂狗  ―  wèi gǒu  ―  to feed a dog
    累成狗  ―  lèi chéng gǒu  ―  extremely tired [cf. dog-tired]
  2. (derogatory) something or someone unpleasant
    1. Used as an attributive.
      狗男女  ―  gǒu nánnǚ  ―  couple in an illicit love affair
      狗官  ―  gǒuguān  ―  government official
      看老娘錘爆你的狗頭！ [MSC, trad.]
      看老娘锤爆你的狗头！ [MSC, simp.]
      Kàn lǎoniáng chuí bào nǐ de gǒu tóu! [Pinyin]
      See how I hammer you in your goddamn head!
    2. (self-deprecatory) a miserable person (used in compounds)
      單身狗／单身狗  ―  dānshēngǒu  ―  singleton
      IT狗  ―  IT gǒu  ―  a person working in the IT industry
    3. (Hong Kong, neologism, derogatory) police; pig; po-po
  3. (chiefly Beijing Mandarin) to flatter
  4. (Cantonese) cunning
  5. (obsolete) cub; young bear or tiger
  6. a surname

Synonyms edit

  • (dog):
Dialectal synonyms of 狗 (“dog”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 犬
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 狗
Taxonomic name 犬
Mandarin Beijing 狗
Taiwan 狗
Tianjin 狗
Chengde 狗
Tangshan 狗
Cangzhou 狗
Baoding 狗
Shijiazhuang 狗
Chifeng 狗
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 狗
Heihe 狗
Qiqihar 狗
Harbin 狗
Jiamusi 狗
Baicheng 狗
Changchun 狗
Tonghua 狗
Shenyang 狗
Dandong 狗
Jinzhou 狗
Dalian 狗
Yantai 狗子
Yantai (Muping) 狗子, 狗
Qingdao 狗
Lijin 狗
Zhucheng 狗
Jinan 狗
Jining 狗
Luoyang 狗
Wanrong 狗
Shangqiu 狗
Yuanyang 狗
Zhengzhou 狗
Lingbao 狗
Xinyang 狗
Baihe 狗, 狗子
Hanzhong 狗
Xi'an 狗
Dingbian 狗
Baoji 狗
Yinchuan 狗
Tianshui 狗
Lanzhou 狗
Dunhuang 狗
Xining 狗
Hami 狗
Ürümqi 狗
Yanqi 狗
Wuhan 狗, 狗子, 狗狗 childish, 來富 dated
Yichang 狗, 狗子
Xiangyang 狗, 狗子
Tianmen 狗, 狗子
Hong'an 狗子
Chengdu 狗
Nanchong 狗
Dazhou 狗
Hanyuan 狗
Xichang 狗
Zigong 狗
Chongqing 狗, 狗兒
Guiyang 狗
Zunyi 狗
Bijie 狗
Liping 狗
Zhaotong 狗
Dali 狗
Kunming 狗
Mengzi 狗
Guilin 狗
Liuzhou 狗, 狗崽, 三六, 地羊 as food
Jishou 狗
Changde 狗, 狗子
Anqing 狗
Xuzhou 狗
Fuyang 狗
Wuhu 狗
Yangzhou 狗, 狗子
Lianyungang 狗
Lianshui 狗
Nanjing 狗
Hefei 狗
Nantong 狗, 狗子
Malaysia 狗
Singapore 狗
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 狗
Cantonese Guangzhou 狗
Hong Kong 狗, 㕵㕵 childish, 㕵㕵狗 childish
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 狗
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 狗
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 狗
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 狗
Macau 狗
Guangzhou (Panyu) 狗
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 狗
Guangzhou (Conghua) 狗
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 狗
Foshan 狗
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 狗
Foshan (Shunde) 狗
Foshan (Sanshui) 狗
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 狗
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 狗
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 狗
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 狗
Zhuhai (Doumen) 狗
Jiangmen (Baisha) 狗
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 狗
Taishan 狗
Kaiping (Chikan) 狗
Enping (Niujiang) 狗
Heshan (Yayao) 狗
Dongguan 狗
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 狗
Shaoguan 狗
Yunfu 狗
Yangjiang 狗
Xinyi 狗
Lianjiang 狗
Nanning 狗
Wuzhou 狗
Yulin 狗
Hepu (Lianzhou) 狗
Beihai 狗
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 狗
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 狗
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 狗
Penang (Guangfu) 狗
Singapore (Guangfu) 狗
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 狗
Móng Cái 狗
Gan Nanchang 狗
Lichuan 狗
Pingxiang 狗
Hakka Meixian 狗, 無角羊
Dabu (Gaobei) 狗
Fengshun (Tangkeng) 狗
Fengshun (Fengliang) 狗
Fengshun (Pantian) 狗
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 狗
Dongguan (Qingxi) 狗
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 狗
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 狗
Conghua (Lütian) 狗
Changting 狗
Yudu 狗子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 狗仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 狗仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 狗, 狗仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 狗
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 狗
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 狗
Hong Kong 狗
Luchuan (Daqiao) 狗
Sabah (Longchuan) 狗
Senai (Huiyang) 狗
Kuching (Hepo) 狗
Singkawang 狗
Huizhou Jixi 狗
Shexian 狗
Jin Taiyuan 狗兒, 狗
Yangyuan 狗
Datong 狗, 狗娃子
Xinzhou 狗
Lishi 狗兒
Linfen 狗
Changzhi 狗
Linhe 狗, 狗子
Jining 狗
Hohhot 狗
Erenhot 狗
Pingshan 狗
Zhangjiakou 狗
Handan 狗
Linzhou 狗
Suide 狗
Northern Min Jian'ou 狗仔, 狗
Eastern Min Fuzhou 犬, 犬囝
Changle 犬
Fuqing 犬
Yongtai 犬
Gutian 犬
Fu'an 犬
Ningde 犬
Shouning 犬
Zhouning 犬
Fuding 犬
Matsu 犬
Southern Min Xiamen 狗
Quanzhou 狗
Zhangzhou 狗
Zhao'an 狗
Kaohsiung 狗
Yilan 狗
Changhua (Lukang) 狗
Taichung 狗
Taichung (Wuqi) 狗
Tainan 狗仔
Taitung 狗
Hsinchu 狗
Penghu (Magong) 狗
Penang (Hokkien) 狗
Singapore (Hokkien) 狗
Manila (Hokkien) 狗
Pingnan (Shangdu) 狗
Chaozhou 狗
Shantou 狗
Haifeng 狗
Bangkok (Teochew) 狗
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 狗
Singapore (Teochew) 狗
Leizhou 狗, 四五
Wenchang 狗
Haikou 狗
Singapore (Hainanese) 狗
Puxian Min Putian 狗
Xianyou 狗
Central Min Yanping (Wangtai) 狗
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 狗
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 狗, 地羊 dated, euphemistic, 三六 argot, 四打五 argot
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 狗
Shehua Fu'an 狗
Fuding 狗
Luoyuan 狗
Sanming 狗
Shunchang 狗
Hua'an 狗
Guixi (Zhangping) 狗
Cangnan 狗
Jingning 狗
Lishui 狗
Longyou 狗
Chaozhou 狗
Fengshun 狗
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 犬
Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 犬
Luxi (Baisha) 犬
Luxi (Liangjiatan) 犬
Luxi (Lijiatian) 犬
Chengbu (Xuntou) 犬
Wu Shanghai 狗, 汪汪狗 childish
Shanghai (Chongming) 狗
Suzhou 狗
Danyang 狗子
Hangzhou 狗
Ningbo 黃狗
Wenzhou 狗, 𡀿𡀿 childish
Jinhua 狗
Xiang Changsha 狗
Xiangxiang 狗
Loudi 狗
Shuangfeng 狗
Quanzhou 狗
  • (Hong Kong: police): 警犬 (jǐngquǎn)

Compounds edit

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (狗):
  • → Vietnamese: cẩu (狗)

Others:

See also edit

References edit

  • “Entry #4345”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
  • Peyraube, Alain. "Ancient Chinese." The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages. Ed. Roger D. Woodard. Cambridge UP, 2004. 1012.

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

狗

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. puppy, dog
  2. a sentinel
  3. a snoop or spy
  4. useless, wasteful

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Compounds

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
狗
いぬ
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 狗 – see the following entry.
【犬いぬ】1
[noun] dog, canine
[noun] servant; one who is loyal (like a dog)
[noun] spy
Alternative spelling
イヌ
(This term, 狗, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
狗
えぬ
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

First cited to the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.[1]

Ultimate derivation uncertain. Theories include a fusion of わ (*wa-, diminutive prefix?) + 犬 (inu, “dog”), an ancient nativized borrowing from Old Chinese 犬 (OC *kʰʷeːnʔ, “dog”), in turn, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n, or an unraised vowel extension of Proto-Japonic *enu (“dog”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

狗(えぬ) • (enu) ←ゑぬ (wenu)?

  1. (obsolete) a puppy or dog
Usage notes edit

Obsolete. Not listed in most dictionaries.

References edit

  1. ^ “狗”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

Korean edit

Hanja edit

狗 (eumhun 개 구 (gae gu))

  1. Hanja form? of 구 (“dog”).

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

狗: Hán Việt readings: cẩu (舉(cử)后(hậu)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
狗: Nôm readings: cẩu[1][3][5]

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds edit

Compounds

References edit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  2. ^ Trần (2004).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bonet (1899).
  4. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  5. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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