葵

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

葵 (radical 140, 艸+9, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿弓人大 (TNOK), four-corner 4480₄ or 4443₀, composition ⿱艹癸)

Derived charactersEdit

𭢦, 𣿮, 𣋒, 𬄲, 𤢑, 𤩸, 𧬧, 𨆠, 𩦟, 𪆴(𬸮), 𫶙

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 1046, character 20
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31458
Dae Jaweon: page 1507, character 18
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3258, character 14
Unihan data for U+8475

ChineseEdit

trad.		葵
simp. ^#		葵
alternative forms		𦮙 ancient 𦷡

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (癸) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
睽	*kʰʷiːl
湀	kʰʷiːl, kʷilʔ, ɡʷilʔ, kʰʷiːd
聧	*kʰʷiː
藈	*kʰʷiːl
癸	*kʷilʔ
葵	*ɡʷil
鄈	*ɡʷil
楑	ɡʷil, ɡʷilʔ
戣	*ɡʷril
鍨	*ɡʷril
騤	ɡʷril, kʷiːd
揆	*ɡʷilʔ
猤	*ɡʷils
闋	*kʰʷiːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡʷil): semantic 艹 (“grass, plant”) + phonetic 癸 (OC *kʷilʔ) – a kind of plant.

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kuí (kui²)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄟˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kwai⁴
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kûi / khûi / khêr / khê / khôe / kôe

(Teochew, Peng'im): kui⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: kuí
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄟˊ
  - Wade–Giles: kʻuei²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kwei
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kuéi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰweɪ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: kwai⁴
  - Yale: kwàih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kwai⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: kuei⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐi̯²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kûi
  - Tâi-lô: kuî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kuii
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kui²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /kui²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kui¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khûi
  - Tâi-lô: khuî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: quii
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /kʰui²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khêr
  - Tâi-lô: khêr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰə²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khê
  - Tâi-lô: khê
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qee
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰe²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khôe
  - Tâi-lô: khuê
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoee
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰue²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰue²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰue¹³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kôe
  - Tâi-lô: kuê
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koee
  - IPA (Taipei): /kue²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kue²³/

Note:

kûi/khûi - literary;
khêr/khê/khôe/kôe - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: kui⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khûi
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰui⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ɡiuɪ/

Rime
Character	葵
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	脂 (16)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	渠隹切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡiuɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡʷi/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡjuɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gwi/
Li Rong	/ɡui/
Wang Li	/ɡwi/
Bernard Karlgren	/gwi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kuí

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ɡʷij/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷil/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	葵
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kuí
Middle Chinese	‹ gjwij ›
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷij/
English	mallow
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	葵
Reading #	1/1
No.	4646
Phonetic component	癸
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	葵
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷil/
Notes	原重渠追切依切三王韻改

DefinitionsEdit

葵

name of several plants
1. Short for 冬葵 (“Malva verticillata (syn. Malva crispa)”).
2. Short for 蒲葵 (púkuí, “Livistona chinensis”).
3. Short for 落葵 (luòkuí, “Basella alba”).
4. Short for 向日葵 (xiàngrìkuí, “sunflower”).
Alternative form of 揆 (kuí).
A surname.

CompoundsEdit

刺葵 (cìkuí)
向日葵 (xiàngrìkuí)
天竺葵
憂葵／忧葵
扇葉蒲葵／扇叶蒲葵
拔葵
拔葵去織／拔葵去织
拔葵啖棗／拔葵啖枣
洛神葵 (luòshénkuí)
海葵 (hǎikuí)

秋葵 (qiūkuí)
茙葵
菟葵
落葵 (luòkuí)
葵傾／葵倾
葵扇 (kuíshàn)
葵花 (kuíhuā)
葵花子
葵藿

蒲葵 (púkuí)
蒲葵扇
蔠葵 (zhōngkuí)
蜀葵 (shǔkuí)
錦葵／锦葵 (jǐnkuí)
露葵
魯女憂葵／鲁女忧葵
鳧葵／凫葵
龍葵／龙葵 (lóngkuí)

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

葵

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: ぎ (gi)
Kan-on: き (ki)
Kun: あおい (aoi, 葵)
Nanori: まもる (mamoru)

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

山葵(わさび) (wasabi): wasabi

Kanji in this term
葵
あおい Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

PronunciationEdit

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) あおい [àóí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [a̠o̞i]

NounEdit

葵(あおい) • (aoi) ^{←あふひ (afufi)^?}

hollyhock

Proper nounEdit

葵(あおい) • (Aoi)

A male or female given name

ReferencesEdit

^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

葵 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

葵: Hán Nôm readings: quỳ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[1]

[2]