蔑

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

蔑 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+11, 15 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 14 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿田中戈 (TWLI), four-corner 4425₃, composition ⿱𦭝戍 or ⿳艹罒戍)

AntonymsEdit

尊

Derived charactersEdit

㒝𡃙幭瀎懱㩢𣋻櫗䁾礣襪䌩蠛衊鑖䩏韈韤䯦𩴾鱴𪇴𩆪𤻻

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 1054, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31781
Dae Jaweon: page 1516, character 26
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3279, character 8
Unihan data for U+8511

ChineseEdit

trad.		蔑
simp. ^#		蔑

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 蔑
Shang	Western Zhou
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions

Characters in the same phonetic series (蔑) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
礣	*mreːd
蔑	meːd, meːd
篾	*meːd
蠛	*meːd
懱	*meːd
幭	*meːd
鱴	*meːd
衊	*meːd
瀎	meːd, maːd
襪	*mad
韤	*mad
韈	*mad

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 𦰋 (“person”) + 戈 (“dagger-axe”) – a weapon striking a person's lower leg.

𦰋 (“person”) was composed of an eye with eyebrows (now written 眉) on top of 人. The eye and eyebrows are written ⿱艹罒 in the modern form of 蔑, and 人 has combined with 戈 to form 戍.

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): miè (mie⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mit⁶
Min Nan (POJ): bia̍t

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: miè
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: miè
  - Wade–Giles: mieh⁴
  - Yale: myè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mieh
  - Palladius: ме (me)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mit⁶
  - Yale: miht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mit⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: mid⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miːt̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bia̍t
  - Tâi-lô: bia̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: biat
  - IPA (Xiamen): /biɛt̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛt̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɛt̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /biɛt̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛt̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: /met̚/

Rime
Character	蔑
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	先 (87)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	莫結切
Baxter	met
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/met̚/
Pan Wuyun	/met̚/
Shao Rongfen	/mɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mɛt̚/
Li Rong	/met̚/
Wang Li	/miet̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/miet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	miè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mit⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤet/

(Zhengzhang): /*meːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	蔑
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	miè
Middle Chinese	‹ met ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁet/
English	destroy; not have
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蔑	蔑
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	9116	9118
Phonetic component	蔑	蔑
Rime group	月	月
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	蔑	蔑
Old Chinese	/*meːd/	/*meːd/
Notes	金文從伐𥄕聲或眉聲，兼殺滅伐功義

DefinitionsEdit

蔑

to belittle; to disdain; to despise
to extinguish; to obliterate
to discard
slight; small; lowly
nothing; none
(of the eye) red and swollen, making one unable to see clearly

SynonymsEdit

藐 (miǎo)
鄙 (bǐ)

CompoundsEdit

侮蔑 (wǔmiè)
吉蔑 (Jímiè)
方斯蔑如
污蔑 (wūmiè)

蔑視／蔑视 (mièshì)
誣蔑／诬蔑 (wūmiè)
輕蔑／轻蔑 (qīngmiè)

Etymology 2Edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 蔑 – see 衊 (“dirty blood; to smear; etc.”). (This character, 蔑, is the simplified form of 衊.)
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.