Wiktionary

兼

兼 U+517C, 兼
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-517C
← 养
[U+517B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 兽 →
[U+517D]

Translingual edit

Traditional 兼
Simplified 兼
Japanese 兼
Korean 兼

Han character edit

兼 (Kangxi radical 12, 八+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿X金 (TXC), four-corner 80237, composition ⿱䒑⿻⿻コ卄八(GHTJV) or ⿳八一⿻⿻コ卄八(K))

Derived characters edit

Related characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 128, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1483
  • Dae Jaweon: page 288, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 249, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+517C

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
 兼
alternative forms
 
𠔥
𬻵
𭵄
𭵈
𭁐
𠔥
𬻵
𭵄
𭵈
𭁐
𭆢
𮏳

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 兼
Spring and Autumn Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
     
Bronze inscriptions
 

b11167

Small seal script
 

s05098

Transcribed ancient scripts
 

L33971

 

L33972

 

L33973

 

L33974

 

L33975

 

L13088

 

L13089

 

L13090

 

L13091

 

L13092

 

L13093

 

L13094

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (兼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
譧 *r'eːms
賺 *r'eːms
尲 *kreːm
鹻 *kreːmʔ
歉 *kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms
槏 *kʰreːmʔ
鰜 *ɡreːm, *keːm
稴 *ɡreːm, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ, *ɡ·reːms, *ɡeːm
豏 *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡreːms
甉 *ɡreːmʔ, *ɡraːm
廉 *ɡ·rem
鎌 *ɡ·rem
鬑 *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm
鐮 *ɡ·rem
簾 *ɡ·rem
薕 *ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm
蠊 *ɡ·rem
嬚 *ɡ·remʔ
溓 *ɡ·remʔ, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ
嵰 *kʰremʔ
隒 *ŋɡremʔ
熑 *ɡ·reːm
濂 *ɡ·reːm
燫 *ɡ·reːm
兼 *keːm, *keːms
縑 *keːm
鶼 *keːm
蒹 *keːm
搛 *keːm
謙 *kʰeːm
膁 *kʰeːmʔ
嗛 *kʰeːmʔ
慊 *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːb
傔 *kʰeːms
馦 *qʰeːm
嫌 *ɡeːm
鼸 *ɡeːmʔ
尷 *kreːm

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): Hand 又 (as in 肀) holding two grain stalks 禾. Compare: 秉 (bǐng), a hand holding one plant.

Etymology edit

Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007); compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *ckiəm ~ ckəm ~ ckam ~ ckaim (“to grasp, to hold”).

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • giam1 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Pontianak;
  • giang1 - Chenghai.
Rime
Character 兼 兼
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 添 (157) 添 (157)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) IV IV
Fanqie 古甜切 古念切
Baxter kem kemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kem/ /kemH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kem/ /kemH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɛm/ /kɛmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kɛm/ /kɛmH/
Li
Rong 		/kem/ /kemH/
Wang
Li 		/kiem/ /kiemH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kiem/ /kiemH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jiān jiàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gim1 gim3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 兼
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jiān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kem ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ˁem/
English combine; at the same time

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 兼 兼
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 6063 6069
Phonetic
component 		兼 兼
Rime
group 		談 談
Rime
subdivision 		2 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		兼 兼
Old
Chinese 		/*keːm/ /*keːms/
Notes 別分紀念切，集韻並

Definitions edit

兼

  1. to do two or more things simultaneously; to hold two or more posts at the same time
    兼管  ―  jiānguǎn  ―  to concurrently be in charge of
  2. † double
    兼旬  ―  jiānxún  ―  twenty days
  3. to amalgamate, to merge
  4. to annex, to absorb
  5. a surname

Compounds edit

Japanese edit

Shinjitai 兼
Kyūjitai
[1]
兼󠄁
兼+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1) 		 
兼󠄄
兼+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji edit

兼

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Etymology edit

Kanji in this term
兼
けん
Grade: S
on’yomi

/kem/ → /kemʉ/ → /keɴ/

From Middle Chinese 兼 (MC kem|kemH).

Pronunciation edit

Conjunction edit

兼(けん) • (-ken-) 

  1. -cum-, concurrently, and; in addition
    書(しょ)斎(さい)兼(けん)応(おう)接(せつ)間(ま)
    shosai-ken-ōsetsuma
    study-cum-drawing room
    首(しゅ)相(しょう)兼(けん)外(がい)相(しょう)
    shushō-ken-gaishō
    someone who holds the offices of both Prime Minister and Foreign Minister

Noun edit

兼(けん) • (ken) 

  1. doing two or more things at the same time
  2. holding two or more government offices at the same time

Derived terms edit

Proper noun edit

兼(けん) • (Ken) 

  1. a male given name

References edit

  1. ^ “兼”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2023
  2. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja edit

兼 (eumhun 겸할 겸 (gyeomhal gyeom))

  1. Hanja form? of 겸 (“unite, connect, combine”).

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

兼: Hán Nôm readings: kiêm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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