飲酒
Chinese
editdrink | alcoholic drink | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (飲酒) | 飲 | 酒 | |
simp. (饮酒) | 饮 | 酒 |
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jam2 zau2
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngim2 diu2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yím-chiú
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˇ ㄐㄧㄡˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yǐnjiǒu
- Wade–Giles: yin3-chiu3
- Yale: yǐn-jyǒu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiinjeou
- Palladius: иньцзю (inʹczju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /in²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: jam2 zau2
- Yale: yám jáu
- Cantonese Pinyin: jam2 dzau2
- Guangdong Romanization: yem2 zeo2
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɐm³⁵ t͡sɐu̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ngim2 diu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵑɡim⁵⁵ tiu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yím-chiú
- Hakka Romanization System: imˋ jiuˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yim3 jiu3
- Sinological IPA: /im³¹ t͡si̯u³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yím-chiú
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)imˋ jiuˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yim3 jiu3
- Sinological IPA: /(j)im³¹ t͡si̯u³¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Middle Chinese: 'imX tsjuwX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*q(r)[u]mʔ tsuʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qrɯmʔ ʔsluʔ/
Verb
edit飲⫽酒 (verb-object)
Synonyms
editRelated terms
editDescendants
editJapanese
editEtymology 1
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
飲 | 酒 |
いん Grade: 3 |
しゅ Grade: 3 |
kan'on | goon |
Alternative spelling |
---|
飮酒 (kyūjitai) |
Appears to be a shift from older readings onju or onshu, swapping the older goon reading of on for 飲 for the newer kan'on reading of in.
First cited to the Taiheiki from the late 1300s.[1]
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- drinking alcohol
- 飲酒運転は犯罪です!
- Inshu unten wa hanzai desu!
- Drunk driving is a crime!
- (literally, “Drinking alcohol and driving is a crime!”)
- 飲酒運転は犯罪です!
Verb
edit飲酒する • (inshu suru) intransitive suru (stem 飲酒し (inshu shi), past 飲酒した (inshu shita))
- to drink (consume alcoholic beverages)
Conjugation
editConjugation of "飲酒する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 飲酒し | いんしゅし | inshu shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 飲酒し | いんしゅし | inshu shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 飲酒する | いんしゅする | inshu suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 飲酒する | いんしゅする | inshu suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 飲酒すれ | いんしゅすれ | inshu sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 飲酒せよ¹ 飲酒しろ² |
いんしゅせよ¹ いんしゅしろ² |
inshu seyo¹ inshu shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 飲酒される | いんしゅされる | inshu sareru | |
Causative | 飲酒させる 飲酒さす |
いんしゅさせる いんしゅさす |
inshu saseru inshu sasu | |
Potential | 飲酒できる | いんしゅできる | inshu dekiru | |
Volitional | 飲酒しよう | いんしゅしよう | inshu shiyō | |
Negative | 飲酒しない | いんしゅしない | inshu shinai | |
Negative continuative | 飲酒せず | いんしゅせず | inshu sezu | |
Formal | 飲酒します | いんしゅします | inshu shimasu | |
Perfective | 飲酒した | いんしゅした | inshu shita | |
Conjunctive | 飲酒して | いんしゅして | inshu shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 飲酒すれば | いんしゅすれば | inshu sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
飲 | 酒 |
おん Grade: 3 |
しゅ > じゅ Grade: 3 |
goon |
Alternative spelling |
---|
飮酒 (kyūjitai) |
The earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese 飲酒 (MC 'imX tsjuwX), using the older goon reading of on for 酒. The shu changes to ju as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Occasionally found in older works with the unvoiced reading onshu.[1]
First cited to the Man'yōshū of 759 CE.[1]
Pronunciation
editNoun
editUsage notes
editThe onju reading does not appear on its own in modern usage, but it does appear in certain compounds.
Derived terms
edit- 飲酒戒 (onjukai): a Buddhist admonition against the drinking of alcohol
References
editCategories:
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
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- Chinese terms spelled with 酒
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- zh:Drinking
- Japanese terms spelled with 飲 read as いん
- Japanese terms spelled with 酒 read as しゅ
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- Japanese terms read with goon
- Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
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- Japanese terms with archaic senses