飲酒

Chinese edit

		drink	alcoholic drink
trad. (飲酒)		飲	酒
simp. (饮酒)		饮	酒

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǐnjiǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˇ ㄐㄧㄡˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jam² zau²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ngim² diu²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yím-chiú

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǐnjiǔ [Phonetic: yínjiǔ]
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˇ ㄐㄧㄡˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǐnjiǒu
  - Wade–Giles: yin³-chiu³
  - Yale: yǐn-jyǒu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiinjeou
  - Palladius: иньцзю (inʹczju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /in²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jam² zau²
  - Yale: yám jáu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jam² dzau²
  - Guangdong Romanization: yem² zeo²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐm³⁵ t͡sɐu̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ngim² diu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡim⁵⁵ tiu⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yím-chiú
  - Hakka Romanization System: im` jiu`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yim³ jiu³
  - Sinological IPA: /im³¹ t͡si̯u³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yím-chiú
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)im` jiu`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yim³ jiu³
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)im³¹ t͡si̯u³¹/

Middle Chinese: 'imX tsjuwX

Rime
Character	飲	酒
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	於錦切	子酉切
Baxter	'imX	tsjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠiɪm^X/	/t͡sɨu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚim^X/	/t͡siu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiem^X/	/t͡siəu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔjim^X/	/t͡suw^X/
Li Rong	/ʔjəm^X/	/t͡siu^X/
Wang Li	/ĭĕm^X/	/t͡sĭəu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯əm^X/	/t͡si̯ə̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǐn	jiǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jam²	zau²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*q(r)[u]mʔ tsuʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*qrɯmʔ ʔsluʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	飲	酒
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǐn	jiǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔim^X ›	‹ tsjuw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*q(r)[u]mʔ/	/*tsuʔ/
English	drink (v.)	wine
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	飲	酒
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	6625	15554
Phonetic component	今	酉
Rime group	侵	幽
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	㱃	酒
Old Chinese	/*qrɯmʔ/	/*ʔsluʔ/
Notes	說文作酓欠

Verb edit

飲⫽酒 (verb-object)

(formal or dialectal) to drink an alcoholic beverage
未成年飲酒／未成年饮酒 ― wèichéngnián yǐnjiǔ ― underage drinking
- 飲酒則歡樂，處喪則悲哀。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  饮酒则欢乐，处丧则悲哀。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Yǐnjiǔ zé huānyuè, chùsàng zé bēi'āi. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms edit

吃酒 (chījiǔ) (literary or dialectal)
啉酒 (Hakka, Hokkien)
喝酒 (hē jiǔ)
食酒 (Hakka, Hokkien)

Related terms edit

酒醉 (jiǔzuì)
酗酒 (xùjiǔ)

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (飲酒):

→ Japanese: 飲酒(いんしゅ) (inshu)

Japanese edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
飲	酒
いん Grade: 3	しゅ Grade: 3
kan’on	goon

Alternative spelling
飮酒 (kyūjitai)

Appears to be a shift from older readings onju or onshu, swapping the older goon reading of on for 飲 for the newer kan'on reading of in.

First cited to the Taiheiki from the late 1300s.^[1]

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) いんしゅ [ìńshú] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [ĩɰ̃ɕɨᵝ]

Noun edit

飲(いん)酒(しゅ) • (inshu)

drinking alcohol
飲酒(いんしゅ)運転(うんてん)は犯罪(はんざい)です！
Inshu unten wa hanzai desu!
Drunk driving is a crime!
(literally, “Drinking alcohol and driving is a crime!”)

Verb edit

飲(いん)酒(しゅ)する • (inshu suru) intransitive suru (stem 飲(いん)酒(しゅ)し (inshu shi), past 飲(いん)酒(しゅ)した (inshu shita))

to drink (consume alcoholic beverages)

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of "飲酒する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	飲酒し	いんしゅし	inshu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	飲酒し	いんしゅし	inshu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	飲酒する	いんしゅする	inshu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	飲酒する	いんしゅする	inshu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	飲酒すれ	いんしゅすれ	inshu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	飲酒せよ¹ 飲酒しろ²	いんしゅせよ¹ いんしゅしろ²	inshu seyo¹ inshu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	飲酒される	いんしゅされる	inshu sareru
Causative	飲酒させる飲酒さす	いんしゅさせるいんしゅさす	inshu saseru inshu sasu
Potential	飲酒できる	いんしゅできる	inshu dekiru
Volitional	飲酒しよう	いんしゅしよう	inshu shiyō
Negative	飲酒しない	いんしゅしない	inshu shinai
Negative continuative	飲酒せず	いんしゅせず	inshu sezu
Formal	飲酒します	いんしゅします	inshu shimasu
Perfective	飲酒した	いんしゅした	inshu shita
Conjunctive	飲酒して	いんしゅして	inshu shite
Hypothetical conditional	飲酒すれば	いんしゅすれば	inshu sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
飲	酒
おん Grade: 3	しゅ > じゅ Grade: 3
goon

Alternative spelling
飮酒 (kyūjitai)

The earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese 飲酒 (MC 'imX tsjuwX), using the older goon reading of on for 酒. The shu changes to ju as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Occasionally found in older works with the unvoiced reading onshu.^[1]

First cited to the Man'yōshū of 759 CE.^[1]

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [õ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑɨᵝ]

Noun edit

飲(おん)酒(じゅ) • (onju)

(archaic) drinking alcohol

Usage notes edit

The onju reading does not appear on its own in modern usage, but it does appear in certain compounds.

Derived terms edit

飲(おん)酒(じゅ)戒(かい) (onjukai): a Buddhist admonition against the drinking of alcohol

References edit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]