arbor
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɑː(r)bə(r)
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English arbour, erbour, from Old French erbier (“field, meadow, kitchen garden”), from erbe (“grass, herb”), from Latin herba (“grass, herb”) (English herb). (Compare Late Latin herbārium, although erbier is possibly an independent formation.) The spelling was influenced by Latin arbor (“tree”).
Alternative formsEdit
- arbour (chiefly British)
NounEdit
arbor (plural arbors or arbores)
- A shady sitting place or pergola usually in a park or garden, surrounded by climbing shrubs, vines or other vegetation.
- A grove of trees.
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Borrowed from French arbre (“tree, axis”), spelling influenced by Latin arbor (“tree”).
NounEdit
arbor (plural arbors or arbores)
- An axis or shaft supporting a rotating part on a lathe.
- A bar for supporting cutting tools.
- A spindle of a wheel.
TranslationsEdit
AnagramsEdit
LatinEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
By rhotacism from Old Latin arbōs, from Proto-Italic *arðōs, cognate with arduus (“high”): the meaning is "high plant"; the Indo-European /dʰ/ was shifted to /b/. From the Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰ- (“high, to grow”).
PronunciationEdit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈar.bor/, [ˈar.bɔr]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈar.bor/, [ˈar.bɔr]
Audio (Classical) (file)
NounEdit
arbor f (genitive arboris); third declension
- a tree
- (metonymically) something made from a tree, of wood
-
- Synonym: mālus
- centenaque arbore fluctum verberat adsurgens ― an oar
- (please add the primary text of this usage example) ― the lever or bar of a press, press-beam
- (euphemistic) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
-
- (metonymically) the polypus (imagined to have arms like the branches of a tree)
DeclensionEdit
- A poetic nominative arbōs is often found. Sextus Pompeius Festus documents archaic (Old Latin) variants arbosem, arboses.
Third-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | arbor | arborēs |
Genitive | arboris | arborum |
Dative | arborī | arboribus |
Accusative | arborem | arborēs |
Ablative | arbore | arboribus |
Vocative | arbor | arborēs |
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Eastern Romance
- Franco-Provençal: âbro
- Gallo-Italic
- Italo-Dalmatian
- Old French: arbre
- Old Occitan: arbre
- Rhaeto-Romance
- Friulian: arbul
- Sardinian:
- Sassarese: àiburu
- Venetian: àlbaro, albaro, àlber
- → Cimbrian: albar
- West Iberian
- → Hungarian: árbóc (either directly from Latin or via Northern Italian)
- → Macedonian: јарбол (jarbol)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
- Slovene: jambor
See alsoEdit
NounEdit
arbor
Further readingEdit
- arbor in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
ReferencesEdit
- arbor in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- arbor in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- arbor in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
- arbor in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- the vegetable kingdom: arbores stirpesque, herbae stirpesque (De Fin. 5. 11. 33)
- the trees are coming into leaf: arbores frondescunt
- to plant trees: arbores serere (De Sen. 7. 24)
- to fell trees: arbores caedere
- the vegetable kingdom: arbores stirpesque, herbae stirpesque (De Fin. 5. 11. 33)
Old IrishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Celtic *arawar, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃-.[1]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
arbor n (genitive arbae, nominative plural arbann)
InflectionEdit
Neuter n-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | arborN | — | arbanL |
Vocative | arborN | — | arbanL |
Accusative | arborN | — | arbanL |
Genitive | arbae | — | arbanN |
Dative | arbaimL | — | arbanaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
DescendantsEdit
MutationEdit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
arbor | unchanged | n-arbor |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
ReferencesEdit
- Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “arbar”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) , “*arawar / *arawen-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 40
Old SpanishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin arbor, arborem, from Old Latin arbōs, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰ- (“high, to grow”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
arbor m (plural arbores)
- tree
- c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1v. b.
- ally delát ebró. es mót mãbre. e ouo y grát arbor. e fue enzina. ala rayz daq́l arbor estaua abraã.
- There, past Hebron, is the hill Mamre, where there was a great oak tree. Abraham was [sitting] on the root of that tree.
- ally delát ebró. es mót mãbre. e ouo y grát arbor. e fue enzina. ala rayz daq́l arbor estaua abraã.
- Idem, f. 42v. b.
- e crebantaredes todas cibdades en caſtelladas entodos los arbores fermoſos todas las fontanas del agua cerraredes. entodas las buenas seńas abatredes […]
- And you shall defeat all cities and fortified towns, and fell all the good trees, and seal all the springs of water and ruin all the good pieces of land.
- e crebantaredes todas cibdades en caſtelladas entodos los arbores fermoſos todas las fontanas del agua cerraredes. entodas las buenas seńas abatredes […]
- c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1v. b.
DescendantsEdit
RomanianEdit
NounEdit
arbor m (plural arbori)
- Alternative form of arbore