arbor
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈɑːbə/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈɑɹbɚ/
- (General Australian) IPA(key): /ˈaːbə/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)bə(ɹ)
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English arbour, erbour, from Old French erbier (“field, meadow, kitchen garden”), from erbe (“grass, herb”), from Latin herba (“grass, herb”) (English herb). (Compare Late Latin herbārium, although erbier is possibly an independent formation.) The spelling was influenced by Latin arbor (“tree”).
Alternative formsEdit
- arbour (chiefly British)
NounEdit
arbor (plural arbors or arbores)
- A shady sitting place or pergola usually in a park or garden, surrounded by climbing shrubs, vines or other vegetation.
- 1979, J.G. Ballard, The Unlimited Dream Company, chapter 24:
- Children swung from the branches of the banyan tree, teenagers climbed into the arbours of orchids and gourds into which the abandoned cars had been transformed.
- A grove of trees.
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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Etymology 2Edit
Borrowed from French arbre (“tree, axis”), spelling influenced by Latin arbor (“tree”).
NounEdit
arbor (plural arbors or arbores)
- An axis or shaft supporting a rotating part on a lathe.
- A bar for supporting cutting tools.
- A spindle of a wheel.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
AnagramsEdit
IndonesianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From English arbor, from Middle English arbour, erbour, from Old French erbier (“field, meadow, kitchen garden”), from erbe (“grass, herb”), from Latin herba (“grass, herb”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
arbor (first-person possessive arborku, second-person possessive arbormu, third-person possessive arbornya)
- arbor: a shady sitting place or pergola usually in a park or garden, surrounded by climbing shrubs, vines or other vegetation.
Further readingEdit
- “arbor” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
LatinEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
By rhotacism from Old Latin arbōs, from Proto-Italic *arðōs, cognate with arduus (“high”): the meaning is "high plant". From the Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰ- (“high, to grow”).
PronunciationEdit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈar.bor/, [ˈärbɔr]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈar.bor/, [ˈärbor]
Audio (Classical) (file)
NounEdit
arbor f (genitive arboris); third declension
- a tree
- (metonymically) something made from a tree, of wood
- arbore mali ― the mast (of a ship)
- Synonym: mālus
- centenaque arbore fluctum verberat adsurgens ― an oar
- Pelias arbor ― Pelias's ship, the ship Argo
- (euphemistic) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
. - arbor infelix ― a gallows, gibbet
- arbore mali ― the mast (of a ship)
- (metonymically) the polypus (imagined to have arms like the branches of a tree)
DeclensionEdit
- A poetic nominative arbōs is often found. Sextus Pompeius Festus documents archaic (Old Latin) variants arbosem, arboses.
- A rare locative singular arborī is attested.
Third-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | arbor | arborēs |
Genitive | arboris | arborum |
Dative | arborī | arboribus |
Accusative | arborem | arborēs |
Ablative | arbore | arboribus |
Vocative | arbor | arborēs |
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Balkan Romance:
- Dalmatian:
- Italo-Romance:
- Insular Romance:
- North Italian:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Occitano-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
- Borrowings:
ReferencesEdit
- AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 533: “un albero” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
- Buchi, Éva; Schweickard, Wolfgang (2008-), “*/ˈarbor-e/”, in Dictionnaire Étymologique Roman, Nancy: Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française.
Further readingEdit
- “arbor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “arbor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- arbor in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- arbor in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- the vegetable kingdom: arbores stirpesque, herbae stirpesque (De Fin. 5. 11. 33)
- the trees are coming into leaf: arbores frondescunt
- to plant trees: arbores serere (De Sen. 7. 24)
- to fell trees: arbores caedere
- the vegetable kingdom: arbores stirpesque, herbae stirpesque (De Fin. 5. 11. 33)
Old IrishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Celtic *arawar, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃-.[1]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
arbor n (genitive arbae, nominative plural arbann)
InflectionEdit
Neuter n-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | arborN | — | arbanL |
Vocative | arborN | — | arbanL |
Accusative | arborN | — | arbanL |
Genitive | arbae | — | arbanN |
Dative | arbaimL | — | arbanaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
DescendantsEdit
MutationEdit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
arbor | unchanged | n-arbor |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
ReferencesEdit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “arbar”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*arawar / *arawen-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 40
Old SpanishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin arbor, arborem.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
arbor m (plural arbores)
- tree
- c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1v. b.
- ally delát ebró. es mót mãbre. e ouo y grát arbor. e fue enzina. ala rayz daq́l arbor estaua abraã.
- There, past Hebron, is the hill Mamre, where there was a great oak tree. Abraham was [sitting] on the root of that tree.
- ally delát ebró. es mót mãbre. e ouo y grát arbor. e fue enzina. ala rayz daq́l arbor estaua abraã.
- Idem, f. 42v. b.
- e crebantaredes todas cibdades en caſtelladas entodos los arbores fermoſos todas las fontanas del agua cerraredes. entodas las buenas seńas abatredes […]
- And you shall defeat all cities and fortified towns, and fell all the good trees, and seal all the springs of water and ruin all the good pieces of land.
- e crebantaredes todas cibdades en caſtelladas entodos los arbores fermoſos todas las fontanas del agua cerraredes. entodas las buenas seńas abatredes […]
- c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1v. b.
DescendantsEdit
RomanianEdit
NounEdit
arbor m (plural arbori)
- Alternative form of arbore
TagalogEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Backslang of Spanish robar (“to rob; to steal”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
arbor (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜊᜓᜇ᜔)
- (slang, back slang) act of claiming something to be of one's possesion; dibs
- (slang, back slang, by extension) act of borrowing
- Synonym: hiram