contraction

Contents

EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Old French contraction, from Latin contractiō.

PronunciationEdit

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈkɒn.tɹæk.ʃən/ (stressed); IPA^(key): /kənˈtɹæk.ʃən/ (unstressed)
• (US) IPA^(key): /kənˈtɹæk.ʃən/
• Rhymes: -ækʃən

NounEdit

contraction (countable and uncountable, plural contractions)

1. A reversible reduction in size.
2. (economics) A period of economic decline or negative growth.

   The country's economic contraction was caused by high oil prices.

3. (biology) A shortening of a muscle when it is used.
4. (medicine) A strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth.
5. (linguistics) A process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme (a word) are lost or reduced, such that it becomes a bound morpheme (a clitic) that attaches phonologically to an adjacent word.

   In English didn't, that's, and wanna, the endings -n't, -'s, and -a arose by contraction.

6. (English orthography) A word with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe, usually resulting from the above process.

   "Don't" is a contraction of "do not."

7. (medicine) Contracting a disease.

   The contraction of AIDS from toilet seats is extremely rare.

8. (phonetics) Syncope, the loss of sounds from within a word.
9. The acquisition of something, generally negative.

   Our contraction of debt in this quarter has reduced our ability to attract investors.

10. (medicine) A distinct stage of wound healing, wherein the wound edges are gradually pulled together.

AntonymsEdit

• expansion
• dilatation

Derived termsEdit

Derived terms

• contractional
• contractionary

• hypercontraction
• supercontraction

Related termsEdit

• contract
• contractation
• contractive
• haustral contraction

TranslationsEdit

reversible reduction in size

• Afrikaans: verkleining
• Bulgarian: свиване (bg) n (svivane), скъсяване (bg) n (skǎsjavane)
• Burmese: ခြုံ့ခွငျး (hkrum.hkwa.ngya:)
• Catalan: contracció f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 收縮 (zh), 收缩 (zh) (shōusuō)

• Finnish: supistuminen
• French: contraction (fr) f
• German: Verkleinerung (de), Kontraktion (de), Schrumpfung m, Schrumpfen n, Abnehmen n, Abnahme (de) f, Minderung (de) f, Verkürzung (de) f, Zusammenziehung (de) f, Verengung f, Schwinden n, Schwindung (de) f
• Hebrew: התכווצות‎‎ f (hitkavtzut)
• Indonesian: kontraksi (id)
• Italian: contrazione (it) f
• Japanese: 収縮 (ja) (しゅうしゅく, shūshuku)

• Korean: 단축 (ko) (danchuk)
• Kyrgyz: кыскаруу (ky) (kıskaruu)
• Norwegian: kontraksjon, forminskning
• Occitan: contraccion f
• Portuguese: contração (pt) f
• Romanian: contracție (ro) f
• Russian: сокраще́ние (ru) n (sokraščénije), сжа́тие (ru) n (sžátije)
• Spanish: contracción (es) f
• Swedish: minskning (sv), kontraktion (sv)
• Tagalog: daginsin
• Tajik: дардгирӣ (tg) (dardgirī)
• Thai: การหดตัว
• Uzbek: qisqarish (uz)

economics: period of economic decline or negative growth

• Finnish: taantuma (fi)
• French: contraction (fr) f

• German: Rezession (de) f, Rückgang (de) m, Abschwung (de) m, Schrumpfung f
• Occitan: contraccion f

shortening of a muscle when it is used

• Bulgarian: свиване (bg) n (svivane)
• Catalan: contracció f
• Finnish: supistus (fi), lihassupistus
• German: Kontraktion (de) f, Zusammenziehen n, Verkürzung (de) f, Zusammenziehung (de) f, Anspannung (de) f, Einschnürung f, Verengung f, Zuziehung f, Kontraktur (de) f
• Hebrew: התכווצות‎‎ f (hitkavtzut)
• Japanese: 攣縮 (れんしゅく, renshuku)
• Korean: 위축 (ko) (wichuk)

• Norwegian: kontraksjon, sammentrekning
• Occitan: contraccion f
• Portuguese: contração (pt) f, crispação (pt) f
• Russian: сокраще́ние (ru) n (sokraščénije), сжа́тие (ru) n (sžátije)
• Spanish: contracción (es) f
• Swedish: kontraktion (sv), sammandragning

painful shortening of the uterine muscles

• Bulgarian: контракция f (kontrakcija)
• Catalan: contracció f
• Dutch: wee (nl) f
• Finnish: synnytyssupistus, supistus (fi)
• German: Wehe (de) f, Wehen (de) pl, f, Geburtswehe (de) f
• Japanese: 陣痛 (じんつう, jintsū)
• Norwegian: sammentrekning

• Occitan: contraccion f
• Portuguese: contração (pt) f
• Russian: сокраще́ние (ru) n (sokraščénije)
• Serbo-Croatian: контракција f (kontrakcija), трудови pl (trudovi)
• Spanish: contracción (es) f
• Swedish: sammandragning

linguistics: process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme are lost or reduced

• Danish: sammentrækning (da) c
• Finnish: kontraktio (fi), supistuminen
• German: Schmelzwort n, Verschmelzung (de) f, Abkürzung (de) f, Verkürzung (de) f, Kurzwort (de) n

• Italian: accorciamento m
• Occitan: contraccion f
• Spanish: contracción (es) m

word with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe

• Bulgarian: съкращение (bg) n (sǎkraštenie)
• Catalan: contracció f
• Finnish: kontraktio (fi), supistumamuoto
• German: Kontraktion (de) f
• Korean: 단축어 (danchugeo)
• Norwegian: sammentrekning

• Polish: kontrakcja f, forma ściąnięta
• Portuguese: contração (pt) f
• Russian: сокраще́ние (ru) n (sokraščénije), стяже́ние (ru) n (stjažénije)
• Spanish: contracción (es) f
• Swedish: sammandragning

medicine: contracting a disease

• Finnish: tarttuminen (fi), tartunta (fi)
• German: Infektion (de) f, Erwerb (de) m, Ansteckung (de) f

• Kyrgyz: кыскаруу (ky) (kıskaruu)
• Portuguese: contração (pt) f

phonetics: loss of sounds from within a word — see syncope

acquisition of something, generally negative

• German: Infektion (de) f, Erwerb (de) m, Annahme (de) f, Kontamination (de) f

medicine: stage of wound healing

• Burmese: ခြုံ့ခွငျး (hkrum.hkwa.ngya:)
• Finnish: lähentyminen (fi), kontraktio (fi)

• German: Kontraktur (de) f, Schrumpfung f
• Uzbek: qisqarish (uz)

See alsoEdit

• omission
• Category:English contractions
• contraction on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

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FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin contractio, contractionem.

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /kɔ̃.tʁak.sjɔ̃/

• Audio (Paris)

  (file)

NounEdit

contraction f (plural contractions)

1. contraction

Related termsEdit

• contracter
• contrat