Wiktionary

duma

See also: Appendix:Variations of "duma"

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Russian ду́ма (dúma, “elective legislative assembly”, originally: “thought”), Origin of the Slavic term is disputed. Either of Germanic origin. Doublet of doom. Or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow"), *dymъ (“smoke”). The drink is named after the legislative assembly.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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duma (plural dumas)

  1. A Russian legislative assembly such as the historical duma of the Russian Empire or the modern lower house of the Federal Assembly (the Russian national parliament).
    • 1905, “Russian Duma” in The Outlook Volume 80, 989:
      Hence, while preserving his autocratic power, the Czar decrees a “Gosudarstvennaia Duma,” or State Council. The elections for this Duma will cover the whole territory of the Empire, ...
  2. A drink mixing wine and vodka.

Translations

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Anagrams

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Afar

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈduma/ [ˈdʊmʌ]
  • Hyphenation: du‧ma

Adverb

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dúma

  1. once upon a time
  2. in the beginning

Postposition

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dúma

  1. (+ -k form) before
    Anú okmék dúma. ― Before I eat.

Noun

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dúma m 

  1. precedence
  2. former time

Declension

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Declension of dúma
absolutive dúma
predicative dúma
subjective dumí
genitive dumí
Postpositioned forms
l-case dúmal
k-case dúmak
t-case dúmat
h-case dúmah

References

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  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “dùma”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2004) Parlons Afar: Langue et Culture, L'Hammartan, →ISBN, page 37
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Bikol Central

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Noun

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duma

  1. tuber

Hausa

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /dú.máː/
    • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA(key): [dɪ́.máː]

Noun

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dumā m (plural dumā̀mē, possessed form duman)

  1. calabash, gourd (Lagenaria siceraria)

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /dú.màː/
    • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA(key): [dɪ́.màː]

Verb

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dumā̀ (grade 1)

  1. To put one's mouth deeply into something
  2. (with an indirect object) To strike a person with something

Hungarian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈdumɒ]
  • Hyphenation: du‧ma
  • Rhymes: -mɒ

Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Russian ду́ма (dúma, “duma”).

Noun

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duma (usually uncountable, plural dumák)

  1. (historical) duma
Declension
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Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative duma dumák
accusative dumát dumákat
dative dumának dumáknak
instrumental dumával dumákkal
causal-final dumáért dumákért
translative dumává dumákká
terminative dumáig dumákig
essive-formal dumaként dumákként
essive-modal — —
inessive dumában dumákban
superessive dumán dumákon
adessive dumánál dumáknál
illative dumába dumákba
sublative dumára dumákra
allative dumához dumákhoz
elative dumából dumákból
delative dumáról dumákról
ablative dumától dumáktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		dumáé dumáké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		dumáéi dumákéi
Possessive forms of duma
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. dumám dumáim
2nd person sing. dumád dumáid
3rd person sing. dumája dumái
1st person plural dumánk dumáink
2nd person plural dumátok dumáitok
3rd person plural dumájuk dumáik

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Romani dùma (“speech”), from a Slavic language, from Proto-Slavic *duma.

Noun

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duma (countable and uncountable, plural dumák)

  1. (colloquial) talk, chat
  2. (colloquial) bullshit, lie
Declension
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Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative duma dumák
accusative dumát dumákat
dative dumának dumáknak
instrumental dumával dumákkal
causal-final dumáért dumákért
translative dumává dumákká
terminative dumáig dumákig
essive-formal dumaként dumákként
essive-modal — —
inessive dumában dumákban
superessive dumán dumákon
adessive dumánál dumáknál
illative dumába dumákba
sublative dumára dumákra
allative dumához dumákhoz
elative dumából dumákból
delative dumáról dumákról
ablative dumától dumáktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		dumáé dumáké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		dumáéi dumákéi
Possessive forms of duma
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. dumám dumáim
2nd person sing. dumád dumáid
3rd person sing. dumája dumái
1st person plural dumánk dumáink
2nd person plural dumátok dumáitok
3rd person plural dumájuk dumáik
Derived terms
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Compound words

Further reading

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  • (duma): duma in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (talk, chat): duma in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • duma in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Kituba

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Verb

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duma

  1. to thunder

Latvian

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Adjective

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duma

  1. (dialectal form) genitive singular masculine of dums
  2. (dialectal form) nominative singular feminine of dums

Northern Ndebele

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-dùma.

Verb

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-duma

  1. to thunder, to rumble

Inflection

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This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Northern Sotho

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Etymology 1

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Verb

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duma

  1. to want
  2. to wish

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Bantu *-dùma.

Verb

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duma

  1. to thunder

Pali

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Alternative forms

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Alternative scripts

Etymology

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Inherited from Sanskrit द्रुम (druma, “tree”).

Noun

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duma m

  1. tree

Declension

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Declension table of "duma" (masculine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)dumodumā
Accusative (second)dumaṃdume
Instrumental (third)dumenadumehi or dumebhi
Dative (fourth)dumassa or dumāya or dumatthaṃdumānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)dumasmā or dumamhā or dumādumehi or dumebhi
Genitive (sixth)dumassadumānaṃ
Locative (seventh)dumasmiṃ or dumamhi or dumedumesu
Vocative (calling)dumadumā

References

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Polish

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Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma. Doublet of Duma.

Noun

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duma f

  1. pride (sense of one's own worth, and abhorrence of what is beneath or unworthy of one)
Declension
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Declension of duma
singular
nominative duma
genitive dumy
dative dumie
accusative dumę
instrumental dumą
locative dumie
vocative dumo

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Ukrainian ду́ма (dúma).

Noun

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duma f

  1. dumka (individual composition in the genre of instrumental folk music from Ukraine)
    Synonym: dumka
  2. dumka (literary work based on such a composition)
    Synonym: dumka
Declension
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Declension of duma
singular plural
nominative duma dumy
genitive dumy dum
dative dumie dumom
accusative dumę dumy
instrumental dumą dumami
locative dumie dumach
vocative dumo dumy

Etymology 3

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

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duma

  1. third-person singular present of dumać

Further reading

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  • duma in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • duma in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • duma in PWN's encyclopedia

Portuguese

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From earlier d'uma, de (“of”) + uma (“feminine singular indefinite article”).

Pronunciation

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Contraction

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duma f sg

  1. Contraction of de uma (“of/from a (feminine)”): feminine singular of dum
    • 1877, Unknown, A boneca, compiled in Contos para a Infância, Guerra Junqueiro:
      Deixe-me agora, leitor, contar-lhe uma história — a história duma boneca!
      Now let me, reader, tell you a story - the story of a doll!

Southern Ndebele

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Relative

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-dúma

  1. tasteless, flavourless

Inflection

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Relative concord
Modifier Copulative
1st singular engiduma ngiduma
2nd singular oduma uduma
1st plural esiduma siduma
2nd plural eniduma niduma
Class 1 oduma uduma
Class 2 abaduma baduma
Class 3 oduma uduma
Class 4 eduma iduma
Class 5 eliduma liduma
Class 6 aduma aduma
Class 7 esiduma siduma
Class 8 eziduma ziduma
Class 9 eduma iduma
Class 10 eziduma ziduma
Class 14 obuduma buduma
Class 15 okuduma kuduma
Class 17 okuduma kuduma

Swahili

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Swahili Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sw

Pronunciation

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Noun

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duma (n class, plural duma)

  1. cheetah

Zulu

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FWOTD – 6 November 2019

Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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IPA(key): /dúːma/

Relative

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-dúma

  1. tasteless, flavourless
Inflection
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Relative concord
Modifier Copulative
positive negative positive negative
1st singular engiduma engingeduma ngiduma angiduma
2nd singular oduma ongeduma uduma awuduma
1st plural esiduma esingeduma siduma asiduma
2nd plural eniduma eningeduma niduma aniduma
Class 1 oduma ongeduma uduma akaduma
Class 2 abaduma abangeduma baduma abaduma
Class 3 oduma ongeduma uduma awuduma
Class 4 eduma engeduma iduma ayiduma
Class 5 eliduma elingeduma liduma aliduma
Class 6 aduma angeduma aduma awaduma
Class 7 esiduma esingeduma siduma asiduma
Class 8 eziduma ezingeduma ziduma aziduma
Class 9 eduma engeduma iduma ayiduma
Class 10 eziduma ezingeduma ziduma aziduma
Class 11 oluduma olungeduma luduma aluduma
Class 14 obuduma obungeduma buduma abuduma
Class 15 okuduma okungeduma kuduma akuduma
Class 17 okuduma okungeduma kuduma akuduma

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Bantu *-dùma.

The expected reflex would be -vuma. It is likely that this is a back formation from indumo, from Proto-Bantu *-dʊ̀ma, a variant of Proto-Bantu *-dùma.

Verb

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-duma

  1. (intransitive) to be noisy
  2. (intransitive) to roar, to thunder
  3. (intransitive) to be famous, to be renowned
Inflection
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Tone L
Infinitive ukuduma
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukuduma ukungadumi
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular duma -dume
Plural dumani -dumeni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyaduma, ngiduma engidumayo, engiduma ngiduma angidumi engingadumi ngingadumi
2nd singular uyaduma, uduma odumayo, oduma uduma awudumi ongadumi ungadumi
1st plural siyaduma, siduma esidumayo, esiduma siduma asidumi esingadumi singadumi
2nd plural niyaduma, niduma enidumayo, eniduma niduma anidumi eningadumi ningadumi
Class 1 uyaduma, uduma odumayo, oduma eduma akadumi ongadumi engadumi
Class 2 bayaduma, baduma abadumayo, abaduma beduma abadumi abangadumi bengadumi
Class 3 uyaduma, uduma odumayo, oduma uduma awudumi ongadumi ungadumi
Class 4 iyaduma, iduma edumayo, eduma iduma ayidumi engadumi ingadumi
Class 5 liyaduma, liduma elidumayo, eliduma liduma alidumi elingadumi lingadumi
Class 6 ayaduma, aduma adumayo, aduma eduma awadumi angadumi engadumi
Class 7 siyaduma, siduma esidumayo, esiduma siduma asidumi esingadumi singadumi
Class 8 ziyaduma, ziduma ezidumayo, eziduma ziduma azidumi ezingadumi zingadumi
Class 9 iyaduma, iduma edumayo, eduma iduma ayidumi engadumi ingadumi
Class 10 ziyaduma, ziduma ezidumayo, eziduma ziduma azidumi ezingadumi zingadumi
Class 11 luyaduma, luduma oludumayo, oluduma luduma aludumi olungadumi lungadumi
Class 14 buyaduma, buduma obudumayo, obuduma buduma abudumi obungadumi bungadumi
Class 15 kuyaduma, kuduma okudumayo, okuduma kuduma akudumi okungadumi kungadumi
Class 17 kuyaduma, kuduma okudumayo, okuduma kuduma akudumi okungadumi kungadumi
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngidumile, ngidumē engidumile, engidumē ngidumile, ngidumē angidumanga engingadumanga ngingadumanga
2nd singular udumile, udumē odumile, odumē udumile, udumē awudumanga ongadumanga ungadumanga
1st plural sidumile, sidumē esidumile, esidumē sidumile, sidumē asidumanga esingadumanga singadumanga
2nd plural nidumile, nidumē enidumile, enidumē nidumile, nidumē anidumanga eningadumanga ningadumanga
Class 1 udumile, udumē odumile, odumē edumile, edumē akadumanga ongadumanga engadumanga
Class 2 badumile, badumē abadumile, abadumē bedumile, bedumē abadumanga abangadumanga bengadumanga
Class 3 udumile, udumē odumile, odumē udumile, udumē awudumanga ongadumanga ungadumanga
Class 4 idumile, idumē edumile, edumē idumile, idumē ayidumanga engadumanga ingadumanga
Class 5 lidumile, lidumē elidumile, elidumē lidumile, lidumē alidumanga elingadumanga lingadumanga
Class 6 adumile, adumē adumile, adumē edumile, edumē awadumanga angadumanga engadumanga
Class 7 sidumile, sidumē esidumile, esidumē sidumile, sidumē asidumanga esingadumanga singadumanga
Class 8 zidumile, zidumē ezidumile, ezidumē zidumile, zidumē azidumanga ezingadumanga zingadumanga
Class 9 idumile, idumē edumile, edumē idumile, idumē ayidumanga engadumanga ingadumanga
Class 10 zidumile, zidumē ezidumile, ezidumē zidumile, zidumē azidumanga ezingadumanga zingadumanga
Class 11 ludumile, ludumē oludumile, oludumē ludumile, ludumē aludumanga olungadumanga lungadumanga
Class 14 budumile, budumē obudumile, obudumē budumile, budumē abudumanga obungadumanga bungadumanga
Class 15 kudumile, kudumē okudumile, okudumē kudumile, kudumē akudumanga okungadumanga kungadumanga
Class 17 kudumile, kudumē okudumile, okudumē kudumile, kudumē akudumanga okungadumanga kungadumanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngāduma engāduma ngāduma angidumanga engingadumanga ngingadumanga
2nd singular wāduma owāduma wāduma awudumanga ongadumanga ungadumanga
1st plural sāduma esāduma sāduma asidumanga esingadumanga singadumanga
2nd plural nāduma enāduma nāduma anidumanga eningadumanga ningadumanga
Class 1 wāduma owāduma āduma akadumanga ongadumanga engadumanga
Class 2 bāduma abāduma bāduma abadumanga abangadumanga bengadumanga
Class 3 wāduma owāduma wāduma awudumanga ongadumanga ungadumanga
Class 4 yāduma eyāduma yāduma ayidumanga engadumanga ingadumanga
Class 5 lāduma elāduma lāduma alidumanga elingadumanga lingadumanga
Class 6 āduma āduma āduma awadumanga angadumanga engadumanga
Class 7 sāduma esāduma sāduma asidumanga esingadumanga singadumanga
Class 8 zāduma ezāduma zāduma azidumanga ezingadumanga zingadumanga
Class 9 yāduma eyāduma yāduma ayidumanga engadumanga ingadumanga
Class 10 zāduma ezāduma zāduma azidumanga ezingadumanga zingadumanga
Class 11 lwāduma olwāduma lwāduma aludumanga olungadumanga lungadumanga
Class 14 bāduma obāduma bāduma abudumanga obungadumanga bungadumanga
Class 15 kwāduma okwāduma kwāduma akudumanga okungadumanga kungadumanga
Class 17 kwāduma okwāduma kwāduma akudumanga okungadumanga kungadumanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingaduma — ngingaduma ngingedume — ngingedume
2nd singular ungaduma — ungaduma ungedume — ungedume
1st plural singaduma — singaduma singedume — singedume
2nd plural ningaduma — ningaduma ningedume — ningedume
Class 1 angaduma — engaduma angedume — engedume
Class 2 bangaduma — bengaduma bangedume — bengedume
Class 3 ungaduma — ungaduma ungedume — ungedume
Class 4 ingaduma — ingaduma ingedume — ingedume
Class 5 lingaduma — lingaduma lingedume — lingedume
Class 6 angaduma — engaduma angedume — engedume
Class 7 singaduma — singaduma singedume — singedume
Class 8 zingaduma — zingaduma zingedume — zingedume
Class 9 ingaduma — ingaduma ingedume — ingedume
Class 10 zingaduma — zingaduma zingedume — zingedume
Class 11 lungaduma — lungaduma lungedume — lungedume
Class 14 bungaduma — bungaduma bungedume — bungedume
Class 15 kungaduma — kungaduma kungedume — kungedume
Class 17 kungaduma — kungaduma kungedume — kungedume
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizoduma engizoduma ngizoduma angizuduma engingezuduma ngingezuduma
2nd singular uzoduma ozoduma uzoduma awuzuduma ongezuduma ungezuduma
1st plural sizoduma esizoduma sizoduma asizuduma esingezuduma singezuduma
2nd plural nizoduma enizoduma nizoduma anizuduma eningezuduma ningezuduma
Class 1 uzoduma ozoduma ezoduma akazuduma ongezuduma engezuduma
Class 2 bazoduma abazoduma bezoduma abazuduma abangezuduma bengezuduma
Class 3 uzoduma ozoduma uzoduma awuzuduma ongezuduma ungezuduma
Class 4 izoduma ezoduma izoduma ayizuduma engezuduma ingezuduma
Class 5 lizoduma elizoduma lizoduma alizuduma elingezuduma lingezuduma
Class 6 azoduma azoduma ezoduma awazuduma angezuduma engezuduma
Class 7 sizoduma esizoduma sizoduma asizuduma esingezuduma singezuduma
Class 8 zizoduma ezizoduma zizoduma azizuduma ezingezuduma zingezuduma
Class 9 izoduma ezoduma izoduma ayizuduma engezuduma ingezuduma
Class 10 zizoduma ezizoduma zizoduma azizuduma ezingezuduma zingezuduma
Class 11 luzoduma oluzoduma luzoduma aluzuduma olungezuduma lungezuduma
Class 14 buzoduma obuzoduma buzoduma abuzuduma obungezuduma bungezuduma
Class 15 kuzoduma okuzoduma kuzoduma akuzuduma okungezuduma kungezuduma
Class 17 kuzoduma okuzoduma kuzoduma akuzuduma okungezuduma kungezuduma
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyoduma engiyoduma ngiyoduma angiyuduma engingeyuduma ngingeyuduma
2nd singular uyoduma oyoduma uyoduma awuyuduma ongeyuduma ungeyuduma
1st plural siyoduma esiyoduma siyoduma asiyuduma esingeyuduma singeyuduma
2nd plural niyoduma eniyoduma niyoduma aniyuduma eningeyuduma ningeyuduma
Class 1 uyoduma oyoduma eyoduma akayuduma ongeyuduma engeyuduma
Class 2 bayoduma abayoduma beyoduma abayuduma abangeyuduma bengeyuduma
Class 3 uyoduma oyoduma uyoduma awuyuduma ongeyuduma ungeyuduma
Class 4 iyoduma eyoduma iyoduma ayiyuduma engeyuduma ingeyuduma
Class 5 liyoduma eliyoduma liyoduma aliyuduma elingeyuduma lingeyuduma
Class 6 ayoduma ayoduma eyoduma awayuduma angeyuduma engeyuduma
Class 7 siyoduma esiyoduma siyoduma asiyuduma esingeyuduma singeyuduma
Class 8 ziyoduma eziyoduma ziyoduma aziyuduma ezingeyuduma zingeyuduma
Class 9 iyoduma eyoduma iyoduma ayiyuduma engeyuduma ingeyuduma
Class 10 ziyoduma eziyoduma ziyoduma aziyuduma ezingeyuduma zingeyuduma
Class 11 luyoduma oluyoduma luyoduma aluyuduma olungeyuduma lungeyuduma
Class 14 buyoduma obuyoduma buyoduma abuyuduma obungeyuduma bungeyuduma
Class 15 kuyoduma okuyoduma kuyoduma akuyuduma okungeyuduma kungeyuduma
Class 17 kuyoduma okuyoduma kuyoduma akuyuduma okungeyuduma kungeyuduma
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngidume ngingadumi
2nd singular udume ungadumi
1st plural sidume singadumi
2nd plural nidume ningadumi
Class 1 adume angadumi
Class 2 badume bangadumi
Class 3 udume ungadumi
Class 4 idume ingadumi
Class 5 lidume lingadumi
Class 6 adume angadumi
Class 7 sidume singadumi
Class 8 zidume zingadumi
Class 9 idume ingadumi
Class 10 zidume zingadumi
Class 11 ludume lungadumi
Class 14 budume bungadumi
Class 15 kudume kungadumi
Class 17 kudume kungadumi
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngaduma ngangaduma, angaduma, angangaduma
2nd singular waduma wangaduma, awaduma, awangaduma
1st plural saduma sangaduma, asaduma, asangaduma
2nd plural naduma nangaduma, anaduma, anangaduma
Class 1 waduma wangaduma, akaduma, akangaduma
Class 2 baduma bangaduma, abaduma, abangaduma
Class 3 waduma wangaduma, awaduma, awangaduma
Class 4 yaduma yangaduma, ayaduma, ayangaduma
Class 5 laduma langaduma, aladuma, alangaduma
Class 6 aduma angaduma, awaduma, awangaduma
Class 7 saduma sangaduma, asaduma, asangaduma
Class 8 zaduma zangaduma, azaduma, azangaduma
Class 9 yaduma yangaduma, ayaduma, ayangaduma
Class 10 zaduma zangaduma, azaduma, azangaduma
Class 11 lwaduma lwangaduma, alwaduma, alwangaduma
Class 14 baduma bangaduma, abaduma, abangaduma
Class 15 kwaduma kwangaduma, akwaduma, akwangaduma
Class 17 kwaduma kwangaduma, akwaduma, akwangaduma

References

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