fern
See also: Fern
English edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English fern, from Old English fearn, from Proto-West Germanic *farn, from Proto-Indo-European *pornóm (“feather, wing; fern, leaf”), from *p(t)erH- (“fern”).
Cognate with West Frisian fear, Dutch varen, German Farn, Lithuanian spar̃nas, Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (parəna), Ashkun pā́r, Kamkata-viri pór, Sanskrit पर्ण (parṇá).
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /fɜːn/
- (General American) IPA(key): /fɝn/
- (General Australian) IPA(key): /fɘːn/, [fɜːn]
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)n
Noun edit
fern (plural ferns)
- Any of a group of some twenty thousand species of vascular plants classified in the division Pteridophyta that lack seeds and reproduce by shedding spores to initiate an alternation of generations.
Synonyms edit
- (Pteridophyta): Filicophyta (archaic)
Derived terms edit
- adder's fern (Polypodium vulgare, Ophioglossum spp.)
- air fern (hydrozoan skeletons)
- Alice's fern (Lygodium palmatum)
- American climbing fern (Lygodium palmatum)
- artillery fern
- asparagus fern (in genus Asparagus)
- ball fern
- bamboo fern
- Barnsley fern
- basket fern
- bead fern
- bladder fern
- Boston fern
- buckler fern
- chain fern
- Christmas fern
- cinnamon fern
- climbing maidenhair fern
- cloak fern (Notholaena spp.)
- coral fern (Gleichenia spp.)
- duckweed fern (Azolla spp.)
- evergreen wood fern (Dryopteris marginalis, Polystichum acrostichoides)
- fern bar
- fern bush (Chamaebatiaria millefolium)
- fern cake
- fern house
- fern-leaf
- fern pine
- fern seed
- ferny
- filmy fern
- hard fern
- hare's-foot fern
- Hartford fern (Lygodium palmatum)
- hay-scented fern
- horseshoe fern
- ice fern
- Japanese climbing fern (Lygodium japonicum)
- king fern (Ptisana salicina, Todea barbara)
- lady fern
- leatherleaf fern
- lip fern
- maidenhair fern
- male fern
- man fern
- mosquito fern (Azolla spp.)
- netted chain fern
- New York fern (Parathelypteris noveboracensis)
- northern lady fern
- oak fern
- ostrich fern
- parsley fern (Cryptogramma crispa)
- rabbit's-foot fern
- rattlesnake fern
- royal fern (Osmunda regalis, Osmunda spectabilis)
- seed fern (Pteridospermatophyta spp.)
- sensitive fern (Onoclea sensibilis)
- shield fern
- staghorn fern
- sweetfern (in genus Comptonia)
- sword fern
- Tara fern
- tree fern
- umbrella fern (Sticherus spp.)
- vegetable fern
- Venus hair fern
- walking fern
- water fern (Azolla spp.)
- whisk fern
- wig tree fern
- Wilson's filmy fern
- wood fern
Translations edit
plant
|
See also edit
Further reading edit
Anagrams edit
German edit
Etymology edit
From Old High German ferrana.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
fern (strong nominative masculine singular ferner, comparative ferner, superlative am fernsten)
Declension edit
Positive forms of fern
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist fern | sie ist fern | es ist fern | sie sind fern | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | ferner | ferne | fernes | ferne |
genitive | fernen | ferner | fernen | ferner | |
dative | fernem | ferner | fernem | fernen | |
accusative | fernen | ferne | fernes | ferne | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der ferne | die ferne | das ferne | die fernen |
genitive | des fernen | der fernen | des fernen | der fernen | |
dative | dem fernen | der fernen | dem fernen | den fernen | |
accusative | den fernen | die ferne | das ferne | die fernen | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein ferner | eine ferne | ein fernes | (keine) fernen |
genitive | eines fernen | einer fernen | eines fernen | (keiner) fernen | |
dative | einem fernen | einer fernen | einem fernen | (keinen) fernen | |
accusative | einen fernen | eine ferne | ein fernes | (keine) fernen |
Comparative forms of fern
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist ferner | sie ist ferner | es ist ferner | sie sind ferner | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | fernerer | fernere | ferneres | fernere |
genitive | ferneren | fernerer | ferneren | fernerer | |
dative | fernerem | fernerer | fernerem | ferneren | |
accusative | ferneren | fernere | ferneres | fernere | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der fernere | die fernere | das fernere | die ferneren |
genitive | des ferneren | der ferneren | des ferneren | der ferneren | |
dative | dem ferneren | der ferneren | dem ferneren | den ferneren | |
accusative | den ferneren | die fernere | das fernere | die ferneren | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein fernerer | eine fernere | ein ferneres | (keine) ferneren |
genitive | eines ferneren | einer ferneren | eines ferneren | (keiner) ferneren | |
dative | einem ferneren | einer ferneren | einem ferneren | (keinen) ferneren | |
accusative | einen ferneren | eine fernere | ein ferneres | (keine) ferneren |
Superlative forms of fern
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist am fernsten | sie ist am fernsten | es ist am fernsten | sie sind am fernsten | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | fernster | fernste | fernstes | fernste |
genitive | fernsten | fernster | fernsten | fernster | |
dative | fernstem | fernster | fernstem | fernsten | |
accusative | fernsten | fernste | fernstes | fernste | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der fernste | die fernste | das fernste | die fernsten |
genitive | des fernsten | der fernsten | des fernsten | der fernsten | |
dative | dem fernsten | der fernsten | dem fernsten | den fernsten | |
accusative | den fernsten | die fernste | das fernste | die fernsten | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein fernster | eine fernste | ein fernstes | (keine) fernsten |
genitive | eines fernsten | einer fernsten | eines fernsten | (keiner) fernsten | |
dative | einem fernsten | einer fernsten | einem fernsten | (keinen) fernsten | |
accusative | einen fernsten | eine fernste | ein fernstes | (keine) fernsten |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
Icelandic edit
Etymology edit
From the root fer-. Compare tvennur, þrennur.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
fern
- four (used when counting singular nouns, pluralia tantum or groupings (especially pairs) of items, or when the item counted is missing from the sentence or separated by the preposition af (“of”))
- fernir skór – four pairs of shoes
- fernir tónleikar – four concerts (tónleikar is plurale tantum)
- Þetta má gera á fernan hátt. – This can be done in four ways. (háttur cannot be used in its plural form in this sense)
- Það er fernt sem mig vantar. – There are four [things] that I need. (noun omitted)
- Ég vil fá fernt af öllu. – I want four of everything.
Inflection edit
positive (strong declension)
positive (weak declension)
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Middle English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old English fearn, from Proto-West Germanic *farn.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
fern (plural ferns)
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- “fē̆rn, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Old Irish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Celtic *wernā (compare Welsh gwern). Cognate with Old Armenian գերան (geran).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
fern f (genitive fernae, nominative plural ferna)
Inflection edit
Feminine ā-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | fernL | feirnL | fernaH |
Vocative | fernL | feirnL | fernaH |
Accusative | feirnN | feirnL | fernaH |
Genitive | fernaeH | fernL | fernN |
Dative | feirnL | fernaib | fernaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Descendants edit
Mutation edit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
fern | ḟern | fern pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/ |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Old Saxon edit
Noun edit
fern m
- Alternative form of infern