gula
English
editEtymology
editLearned borrowing from Latin gula (“throat, gullet”).
Pronunciation
edit- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈɡjuːlə/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈɡ(j)ulə/
- Homophone: gular (non-rhotic)
- Rhymes: -uːlə
- Hyphenation: gul‧a
Noun
edit- The upper front of the neck, next to the chin; the upper throat.
- (zoology) A plate which in most insects supports the submentum.
- (architecture) A capping moulding; a cymatium.
Derived terms
editPart or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for “gula”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)
Anagrams
editBrunei Malay
editEtymology
editFrom Sanskrit गुल (gula, “unrefined sugar, molasses”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editgula
- sugar (sucrose from sugar cane or sugar beet and used to sweeten food and drink)
Chichewa
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Bantu *-gʊ̀da.
Pronunciation
editVerb
edit-gula (infinitive kugúla)
- to buy
Derived terms
editDharug
editPronunciation
editNoun
editgula
Gamilaraay
editNoun
editgula
Hausa
editPronunciation
editNoun
editgulā̀ f (plural gulōlī, possessed form gulàr̃)
- a kind of drumstick with a large head (for beating drums)
See also
editIban
editEtymology
editFrom Sanskrit गुल (gula, “unrefined sugar, molasses”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editgula
- sugar (sucrose from sugar cane or sugar beet and used to sweeten food and drink)
Icelandic
editEtymology
editFrom gulur (“yellow”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editgula f (genitive singular gulu, no plural)
Declension
editIndonesian
editEtymology
editFrom Malay gula, from Sanskrit गुल (gula, “unrefined sugar, molasses”).
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈɡula/ [ˈɡu.la]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -ula
- Syllabification: gu‧la
Noun
editgula (uncountable)
Affixations
editCompounds
edit- gula alkohol (“sugar alcohol”)
- gula anggur (“grape sugar”)
- gula aren (“palm sugar”)
- gula balok (“sugar cube”)
- gula barli (“barley sugar”)
- gula batu (“rock sugar”)
- gula bit (“beet sugar”)
- gula buah (“fruit sugar”)
- gula bubuk (“powdered sugar”)
- gula cakar (“a type of sugar of Majalengka”)
- gula coklat (“brown sugar”)
- gula darah (“blood sugar”)
- gula darah sewaktu (“random glucose test”)
- gula derawa (“sugar water”)
- gula invert (“invert sugar”)
- gula jagung (“corn sugar”)
- gula jawa (“palm sugar”)
- gula kastor (“caster sugar”)
- gula kelapa (“coconut sugar”)
- gula kubus (“cube sugar”)
- gula kurma (“date sugar”)
- gula malt (“malt sugar”)
- gula meja (“table sugar”)
- gula merah (“palm sugar”)
- gula nyiur (“coconut sugar”)
- gula otak (“brain sugar”)
- gula palma (“palm sugar”)
- gula pasir (“granulated sugar”)
- gula pereduksi (“reducing sugar”)
- gula semut (“palm sugar”)
- gula susu (“milk sugar”)
- gula tarik (“sweetmeat”)
- gula tebu (“cane sugar”)
- gula tetes (“molasses”)
Further reading
edit- “gula” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Javanese
editRomanization
editgula
- romanization of ꦒꦸꦭ
Laboya
editPronunciation
editNoun
editgula
References
edit- Allahverdi Verdizade (2019) “gula”, in Lamboya word list[1], Leiden: LexiRumah
Latin
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Indo-European *gʷoleh₂, from *gʷel- (“throat”).
Cognate with Bengali গলা (gola, “throat”), Old Armenian կուլ- (kul-), Russian глотка (glotka, “throat”), Persian گلو (“throat”), Urdu گلا (“throat”) and Northern Kurdish gewrî, gerû (“throat”).
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈɡʊ.ɫa]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈɡuː.la]
Noun
editgula f (genitive gulae); first declension
Declension
editFirst-declension noun.
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | gula | gulae |
genitive | gulae | gulārum |
dative | gulae | gulīs |
accusative | gulam | gulās |
ablative | gulā | gulīs |
vocative | gula | gulae |
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editDescendants
edit- Aromanian: gurã
- Catalan: gola
- Corsican: gola, vola
- Dalmatian: gaula
- Old Francoprovençal: gola
- Old French: goule, guele
- Friulian: gole
- Galician: gola
- Italian: gola
- Lombard: gola, gora
- Megleno-Romanian: gură
- Portuguese: gola, ⇒ goela (from the diminutive *gulella)
- → Portuguese: gula
- Romanian: gură
- Romansch: gula
- Sicilian: gula, ula
- Spanish: gola
- → Spanish: gula
- Venetan: goła, gola
- Walloon: gueuye
- Byzantine Greek: γούλα (goúla)
- Greek: γουλιά (gouliá)
References
edit- “gula”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- gula in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Malay
editEtymology
editFrom Sanskrit गुल (gula, “unrefined sugar, molasses”). The Sanskrit equivalent is मधुरं (madhuraṃ, “sugar”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editgula (Jawi spelling ݢولا, plural gula)
- sugar (sucrose from sugar cane or sugar beet and used to sweeten food and drink)
Synonyms
editDerived terms
edit- bergula (“to contain sugar”)
- gula kapas (“cotton candy”)
- gula melaka (“palm sugar”)
- gula-gula
- menggula
- menggulakan (“to add sugar, to sugar”)
- pengulaan
Further reading
edit- “gula” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Northern Ndebele
editEtymology
editThis etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Verb
edit-gula
Inflection
editThis verb needs an inflection-table template.
Northern Sami
editPronunciation
editVerb
editgula
- inflection of gullat:
Norwegian Nynorsk
editAlternative forms
edit- gule (for the verbs)
Etymology 1
editFrom gul (“gust of wind”).
Verb
editgula (present tense gular, past tense gula, past participle gula, passive infinitive gulast, present participle gulande, imperative gula/gul)
- to blow (slowly)
Etymology 2
editFrom gul (“yellow”).
Verb
editgula (present tense gular, past tense gula, past participle gula, passive infinitive gulast, present participle gulande, imperative gula/gul)
- to yellow
Etymology 3
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
editgula f
References
edit- “gula” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Javanese
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Sanskrit गुल (gula, “unrefined sugar, molasses”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editgula
Derived terms
editDescendants
editFurther reading
edit- "gula" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
Old Norse
editEtymology 1
editNoun
editgula f (genitive gulu)
- alternative form of gola
Declension
editfeminine | singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | gula | gulan | gulur | gulurnar |
accusative | gulu | guluna | gulur | gulurnar |
dative | gulu | gulunni | gulum | gulunum |
genitive | gulu | gulunnar | gulna | gulnanna |
Etymology 2
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Adjective
editgula
- inflection of gulr:
Noun
editgula
Further reading
edit- Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “gula”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
Polish
editPronunciation
edit- (Greater Poland):
- (Masovia):
- (Far Masovian) IPA(key): /ˈɡu.la/
Etymology 1
editA variant of kula.
Noun
editgula f
- (colloquial) bump (swelling on the skin caused by illness or injury)
Noun
editgula f (male equivalent gularz)
- (Poznań, Kuyavia, Far Masovian, Kolno) female turkey (bird)
Declension
editInterjection
editgula
- (Far Masovian) used to call turkeys
Etymology 2
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
editgula m animal
Further reading
edit- gula in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- gula in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Oskar Kolberg (1867) “gula”, in Dzieła wszystkie: Kujawy (in Polish), page 271
- Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894) “gula”, in “O języku ludowym w powiecie przasnyskim”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 109
- Hieronim Łopaciński (1892) “gule”, in “Przyczynki do nowego słownika języka polskiego (słownik wyrazów ludowych z Lubelskiego i innych okolic Królestwa Polskiego”, in Prace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 199
Portuguese
editEtymology
editLearned borrowing from Latin gula. Doublet of gola.
Pronunciation
edit
- Rhymes: -ulɐ
- Hyphenation: gu‧la
Noun
editgula f (plural gulas)
Related terms
editRohingya
editNoun
editgula
Romansch
editEtymology
editFrom Latin gula, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷel- (“throat”).
Noun
editgula f (plural gulas)
Derived terms
edit- (Puter, Vallader) gulacotschen
- (Surmiran) gulard
Spanish
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Latin gula. Compare the inherited doublet gola.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editgula f (plural gulas)
- gluttony (habit of eating in excess)
- Synonym: glotonería
- gourmandizing
Related terms
editFurther reading
edit- “gula”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
Sundanese
editEtymology
editUltimately from Sanskrit गुल (gula).
Noun
editgula (Sundanese script ᮌᮥᮜ)
Swazi
editEtymology
editThis etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Verb
edit-gula
Inflection
editThis verb needs an inflection-table template.
Swedish
editEtymology 1
editFrom Old Norse gulr (“yellow”), similar to Faroese gule.
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editgula
Etymology 2
editNominalization of gul (“yellow”), perhaps from expressions like "det gula i ägget" (the yellow [stuff] in the egg). Compare the etymology of English yolk.
Noun
editgula c
- (countable, uncountable) yolk (the yellow of an egg)
Declension
editnominative | genitive | ||
---|---|---|---|
singular | indefinite | gula | gulas |
definite | gulan | gulans | |
plural | indefinite | gulor | gulors |
definite | gulorna | gulornas |
References
editTumbuka
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Bantu *-gʊ̀da.
Verb
edit-gula (infinitive kugula)
- to buy
Waigali
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editAdjective
editgula (Nisheigram)
Etymology 2
editNoun
editgula (Nisheigram)
Xhosa
editEtymology
editThis etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Verb
edit-gula
Inflection
editThis verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
editEtymology
editThis etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Verb
edit-gula
- (intransitive) to be sick/ill
- (transitive) to skim/scrape together
- (intransitive) to lean, to slant
Inflection
editReferences
edit- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “gula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “gula (6.3)”
- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English learned borrowings from Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with homophones
- Rhymes:English/uːlə
- Rhymes:English/uːlə/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- en:Zoology
- en:Architectural elements
- Brunei Malay terms derived from Sanskrit
- Brunei Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Brunei Malay lemmas
- Brunei Malay nouns
- Chichewa terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Chichewa terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Chichewa terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chichewa lemmas
- Chichewa verbs
- Dharug terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dharug lemmas
- Dharug nouns
- Gamilaraay lemmas
- Gamilaraay nouns
- Hausa terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hausa lemmas
- Hausa nouns
- Hausa feminine nouns
- ha:Musical instruments
- Iban terms derived from Sanskrit
- Iban terms with IPA pronunciation
- Iban lemmas
- Iban nouns
- Icelandic 2-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ʏːla
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ʏːla/2 syllables
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic nouns
- Icelandic uncountable nouns
- Icelandic feminine nouns
- Indonesian terms inherited from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Sanskrit
- Indonesian 2-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Indonesian/ula
- Rhymes:Indonesian/ula/2 syllables
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Indonesian uncountable nouns
- id:Sugars
- Javanese non-lemma forms
- Javanese romanizations
- Laboya terms with IPA pronunciation
- Laboya lemmas
- Laboya nouns
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin first declension nouns
- Latin feminine nouns in the first declension
- Latin feminine nouns
- la:Anatomy
- Malay terms derived from Sanskrit
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/ulə
- Rhymes:Malay/lə
- Rhymes:Malay/ə
- Malay lemmas
- Malay nouns
- ms:Sugars
- Northern Ndebele lemmas
- Northern Ndebele verbs
- Northern Sami terms with IPA pronunciation
- Northern Sami 2-syllable words
- Northern Sami non-lemma forms
- Northern Sami verb forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk verbs
- Norwegian Nynorsk weak verbs
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰelh₃-
- Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk noun forms
- Old Javanese terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Old Javanese terms derived from Sanskrit
- Old Javanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Old Javanese/la
- Rhymes:Old Javanese/la/2 syllables
- Old Javanese lemmas
- Old Javanese nouns
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse nouns
- Old Norse feminine nouns
- Old Norse ōn-stem nouns
- Old Norse non-lemma forms
- Old Norse adjective forms
- Old Norse noun forms
- Polish 2-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/ula
- Rhymes:Polish/ula/2 syllables
- Polish terms with homophones
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish feminine nouns
- Polish colloquialisms
- Poznań Polish
- Urban Polish
- Kuyavian Polish
- Far Masovian Polish
- Polish interjections
- Polish non-lemma forms
- Polish noun forms
- Polish animal commands
- pl:Female animals
- pl:Fowls
- pl:Poultry
- Portuguese terms borrowed from Latin
- Portuguese learned borrowings from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese doublets
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Portuguese/ulɐ
- Rhymes:Portuguese/ulɐ/2 syllables
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese feminine nouns
- Rohingya lemmas
- Rohingya nouns
- Romansch terms inherited from Latin
- Romansch terms derived from Latin
- Romansch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Romansch lemmas
- Romansch nouns
- Romansch feminine nouns
- rm:Anatomy
- Surmiran Romansch
- rm:Body parts
- Spanish terms borrowed from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish doublets
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/ula
- Rhymes:Spanish/ula/2 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish feminine nouns
- Sundanese terms derived from Sanskrit
- Sundanese lemmas
- Sundanese nouns
- Swazi lemmas
- Swazi verbs
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Swedish terms derived from Old Norse
- Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Swedish/²ʉːla
- Rhymes:Swedish/²ʉːla/2 syllables
- Swedish non-lemma forms
- Swedish adjective forms
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- Swedish countable nouns
- Swedish uncountable nouns
- Swedish terms with usage examples
- Tumbuka terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Tumbuka terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Tumbuka lemmas
- Tumbuka verbs
- Waigali terms with IPA pronunciation
- Waigali lemmas
- Waigali adjectives
- Waigali nouns
- Xhosa lemmas
- Xhosa verbs
- Zulu lemmas
- Zulu verbs
- Zulu intransitive verbs
- Zulu transitive verbs
- Zulu verbs with tone L