kula

See also: Appendix:Variations of "kula"

English edit

English Wikipedia has an article on:

kula

Etymology 1 edit

From a South Slavic language, from Turkish kule, from Persian (qolle), from Arabic قُلَّة (qulla, “pinnacle, zenith”).

Noun edit

kula (plural kulas)

A tower, turret or steeple on the Balkans erected during the period of Ottoman domination on the area.
- 1867, Georgina Mary Muir Mackenzie, Lady Georgina Mary Muir Sebright, Mackenzie Sebright, Adeline Paulina Irby, Travels in the Slavonic Provinces of Turkey-in-Europe, page 107:
  Instead of the haïdooks, their next of kin, the zaptiés now hold a kula on the highest point of the pass; here one pauses to rest after scrambling up the vile Turkish road on one side of the ravine, and before scrambling down the vile Turkish road on the other.
- 1998, Adil Zulfikarpašić, Milovan Djilas, Nadežda Gaće, The Bosniak‎^[1], page 5:
  The most important kulas of the Čengić-begs are those in Zagorje, in Rataji and the River Odžak near Ustikolina.
- 1998, Miranda Vickers, Between Serb and Albanian, page 111:
  The kulas were indeed like fortresses, with as many as twenty 'guns', ie. adult men ready to fight.

Etymology 2 edit

Noun edit

kula (uncountable)

A ceremonial exchange system conducted in the Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea, involving the exchange of bracelets and necklaces, and linked to political authority.

Anagrams edit

Kalu, Luka, lauk

Balinese edit

Romanization edit

kula

Romanization of ᬓᬸᬮ

Cebuano edit

Noun edit

kula

glue; or any sticky adhesive substance

Verb edit

kula

to glue; to join or attach something using glue

Czech edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ˈkula]

Participle edit

kula

inflection of kout:
1. feminine singular past active participle
2. neuter plural past active participle

Hawaiian edit

Noun edit

kula

field, open area
kula mauʻu
meadow, field of grass
school

Hungarian edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ˈkulɒ]
Hyphenation: ku‧la
Rhymes: -lɒ

Noun edit

kula (plural kulák)

(slang) shit

Declension edit

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	kula	kulák
accusative	kulát	kulákat
dative	kulának	kuláknak
instrumental	kulával	kulákkal
causal-final	kuláért	kulákért
translative	kulává	kulákká
terminative	kuláig	kulákig
essive-formal	kulaként	kulákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	kulában	kulákban
superessive	kulán	kulákon
adessive	kulánál	kuláknál
illative	kulába	kulákba
sublative	kulára	kulákra
allative	kulához	kulákhoz
elative	kulából	kulákból
delative	kuláról	kulákról
ablative	kulától	kuláktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	kuláé	kuláké
non-attributive possessive - plural	kuláéi	kulákéi

Possessive forms of kula
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	kulám	kuláim
2nd person sing.	kulád	kuláid
3rd person sing.	kulája	kulái
1st person plural	kulánk	kuláink
2nd person plural	kulátok	kuláitok
3rd person plural	kulájuk	kuláik

Javanese edit

Romanization edit

kula

Romanization of ꦏꦸꦭ.

Khalaj edit

Perso-Arabic		کُله

Etymology edit

Ultimately from Persian (kol).

Pronunciation edit

(Mansûrâbâdî) IPA^(key): [qulɒ]
(Xarrâbî) IPA^(key): [kʊla(ː)], [ku̞laː]

Adjective edit

kula (comparative kulatar)

short, small

References edit

Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
Doerfer, Gerhard (1971) Khalaj Materials, Indiana University, →ISBN

Lindu edit

Noun edit

kula

ginger

Malay edit

Etymology edit

From Javanese ꦏꦸꦭ (kula).

Pronunciation edit

(Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /kulə/
(Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /kula/
Rhymes: -ulə, -lə, -ə

Noun edit

kula (Jawi spelling کولا, plural kula-kula, informal 1st possessive kulaku, 2nd possessive kulamu, 3rd possessive kulanya)

(Java) slave

Pronoun edit

kula (Jawi spelling کولا)

(Java, possibly obsolete) I (me, my)

Synonyms edit

aku
saya

Ngarrindjeri edit

Noun edit

kula

male she oak tree.

Norwegian Bokmål edit

Alternative forms edit

kulen

Noun edit

kula f

definite feminine singular of kule

Norwegian Nynorsk edit

Noun edit

kula f

definite singular of kule

Old Javanese edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Sanskrit कुल (kula, “family; clan; lineage; herd; flock”).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ku.la/
Rhymes: -la
Homophones: kula, kūla
Hyphenation: ku‧la

Noun edit

kula

family
descent, origin

Derived terms edit

kakulan

Descendants edit

Javanese: ꦏꦸꦭ (kula)
- → Malay: kula
→ Balinese: ᬓᬸᬮ (kula)

Noun edit

kula

wife of lower rank, second wife to the queen

Derived terms edit

References edit

"kula" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Pali edit

Alternative forms edit

Alternative forms

𑀓𑀼𑀮 (Brahmi script)
कुल (Devanagari script)
কুল (Bengali script)
කුල (Sinhalese script)
ကုလ or ၵုလ (Burmese script)
กุล or กุละ (Thai script)
ᨠᩩᩃ (Tai Tham script)
ກຸລ or ກຸລະ (Lao script)
កុល (Khmer script)
𑄇𑄪𑄣 (Chakma script)

Etymology edit

Inherited from Sanskrit कुल (kula).

Noun edit

kula n

clan, caste, family

Declension edit

Declension table of "kula" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	kulaṃ	kulāni or kulā
Accusative (second)	kulaṃ	kulāni or kule
Instrumental (third)	kulena	kulehi or kulebhi
Dative (fourth)	kulassa or kulāya or kulatthaṃ	kulānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	kulasmā or kulamhā or kulā	kulehi or kulebhi
Genitive (sixth)	kulassa	kulānaṃ
Locative (seventh)	kulasmiṃ or kulamhi or kule	kulesu
Vocative (calling)	kula	kulāni or kulā

Descendants edit

→ Burmese: ကုလား (ku.la:)
→ Thai: กุล (gun)

References edit

Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “kula”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

Polish edit

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

kula

Wikipedia ^pl

Etymology edit

Apparently borrowed from Middle High German kūle. In most senses cognate with German Kugel,^[1] in the sense “crutch” cognate with German Keule.^[2]

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈku.la/
Audio 1 (file)
Audio 2 (file)
Rhymes: -ula
Syllabification: ku‧la
Homophone: Kula

Noun edit

kula f (diminutive kulka)

ball (spherical object)
kula śnieżna ― snowball
(mathematics, geometry, topology) ball
bullet
crutch
chodzić o kulach ― to walk on crutches
(sports) shot (the heavy iron ball)
pchnięcie kulą ― shot put

Declension edit

Declension of kula

	singular	plural
nominative	kula	kule
genitive	kuli	kul/kuli
dative	kuli	kulom
accusative	kulę	kule
instrumental	kulą	kulami
locative	kuli	kulach
vocative	kulo	kule

Descendants edit

→ Belarusian: ку́ля (kúlja)
→ Russian: пу́ля (púlja) (with sound changes)
→ Ukrainian: ку́ля (kúlja)

References edit

Anagrams edit

luka

Serbo-Croatian edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قله (kulle) (Turkish kule), from Persian (qolle), from Arabic قُلَّة (qulla, “pinnacle, zenith”).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /kǔːla/
Hyphenation: ku‧la

Noun edit

kúla f (Cyrillic spelling ку́ла)

Declension edit

Declension of kula

	singular	plural
nominative	kúla	kule
genitive	kule	kula
dative	kuli	kulama
accusative	kulu	kule
vocative	kulo	kule
locative	kuli	kulama
instrumental	kulom	kulama

Sidamo edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈkula/
Hyphenation: ku‧la

Verb edit

kula

(transitive) to tell

References edit

Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 30
Gizaw Shimelis, editor (2007), “kula”, in Sidaama-Amharic-English dictionary, Addis Ababa: Sidama Information and Culture department

Sotho edit

Etymology edit

Cognate with Swahili -ugua.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Verb edit

kula

to be sick/ill

Swahili edit

Pronunciation edit

Audio (Kenya) (file)

Verb edit

kula (verbal noun of the ku class)

infinitive of -la

Swedish edit

Etymology edit

From Old Norse kúla (“lump, swelling”), with the meaning of "sphere" influenced by Middle Low German kule (“depression, bulge”) and German Kugel (“ball, sphere, bullet”).

Pronunciation edit

audio (file)
Rhymes: -²ʉːla

Noun edit

kula c

a small ball made of earthenware, glass (marble) or a similar hard material; marble: spela kula; of steel in a ball bearing; sphere; testicle, often in the compound pungkula
a bullet
En kula träffade honom rakt i tinningen.
A bullet hit him right in the temple.
a den (inhabited cavern or hollow)
lejonkula
lion's den

rövarkula
den of robbers
(slang, chiefly in the plural) money
Jag har tjänat massa kulor med den här bilen.
I've made tons of cash with this car.
(heraldry) roundel
(athletics) shot put (athletics event)
Synonym: kulstötning

Declension edit

Declension of kula
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	kula	kulan	kulor	kulorna
Genitive	kulas	kulans	kulors	kulornas

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

→ Finnish: kuula

References edit

Tabaru edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ˈku.la]

Verb edit

kula

(ditransitive) to give

References edit

Edward A. Kotynski (1988) “Tabaru phonology and morphology”, in Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session, volume 32, Summer Institute of Linguistics

Tagalog edit

Etymology 1 edit

Possibly from Spanish colar (“to sift; to strain”).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /kuˈla/, [kʊˈla]
Hyphenation: ku‧la

Noun edit

kulá (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜎ)

bleaching of clothes under the sun (usually with blueing)
Synonym: pagkukula
clothes being bleached under the sun

Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈkula/, [ˈku.lɐ]
Hyphenation: ku‧la

Noun edit

kula (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜎ) (botany)

Geodorum densiflorum (terrestrial orchid)

Turkish edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /kʊˈla/
Hyphenation: ku‧la

Noun edit

kula

accusative singular of kul

Zacatepec Chatino edit

Etymology 1 edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adjective edit

kula

old

Etymology 2 edit

From Proto-Chatino *kwela, from Proto-Zapotecan *kw-ella.

Noun edit

kula

fish

Etymology 3 edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun edit

kula

star

[1] ttps://sjp.pwn.pl/doroszewski/kula-I;5444783.html

[2] ttps://sjp.pwn.pl/doroszewski/kula-II;5444784.html

[1]

[2]

Chess pieces in Serbo-Croatian · šahovske figure / шаховске фигуре (layout · text)

kralj краљ	dama, kraljica дама, краљица	top, kula топ, кула	lovac, trkač, laufer ловац, тркач, лауфер	skakač, konj скакач, коњ	pješak, pešak, pion, pijun пјешак, пешак, пион, пијун

kula

English edit

Etymology 1 edit

Noun edit

Etymology 2 edit

Noun edit

Anagrams edit

Balinese edit

Romanization edit

Cebuano edit

Noun edit

Verb edit

Czech edit

Pronunciation edit

Participle edit

Hawaiian edit

Noun edit

Hungarian edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Declension edit

Javanese edit

Romanization edit

Khalaj edit

Etymology edit

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Adjective edit

References edit

Lindu edit

Noun edit

Malay edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Pronoun edit

Synonyms edit

Further reading edit

Ngarrindjeri edit

Noun edit

Norwegian Bokmål edit

Alternative forms edit

Noun edit

Norwegian Nynorsk edit

Noun edit

Old Javanese edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Noun edit

Derived terms edit

References edit

Pali edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

Noun edit

Declension edit

Descendants edit

References edit

Polish edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Declension edit

Descendants edit

See also edit

References edit

Further reading edit

Anagrams edit

Serbo-Croatian edit

Etymology edit

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Declension edit

See also edit

Sidamo edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

References edit