iam
Esperanto edit
Etymology edit
From i- (indeterminate correlative prefix) + -am (correlative suffix of time).
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Adverb edit
iam
- sometime, ever (indeterminate correlative of time)
- once
- 2000, Antoine de Saint Exupéry, La Eta Princo, translated by Pierre Delaire from the French
- Iam, kiam mi estis sesjara, mi vidis belegan bildon en iu libro pri la praarbaro, titolita "Travivitaj rakontoj".
- Once, when I was six years old, I saw a magnificent picture in a book about the primeval forest, titled "True Stories".
- 2000, Antoine de Saint Exupéry, La Eta Princo, translated by Pierre Delaire from the French
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Interrogative | Demonstrative | Indefinite | Universal | Negative | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ki- | ti- | i- | ĉi- | neni- | ||
Kind of, sort of | -a | kia | tia | ia | ĉia | nenia |
Reason | -al | kial | tial | ial | ĉial | nenial |
Time | -am | kiam | tiam | iam | ĉiam | neniam |
Place | -e | kie | tie | ie | ĉie | nenie |
Motion | -en | kien | tien | ien | ĉien | nenien |
Manner | -el | kiel | tiel | iel | ĉiel | neniel |
Possessive | -es | kies | ties | ies | ĉies | nenies |
Demonstrative pronoun | -o | kio | tio | io | ĉio | nenio |
Amount | -om | kiom | tiom | iom | ĉiom | neniom |
Demonstrative determiner | -u | kiu | tiu | iu | ĉiu | neniu |
Galician edit
Verb edit
iam
- (reintegrationist norm) third-person plural imperfect indicative of ir
Latin edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Indo-European *Hyā́m, acc.sg.f. of *Hyós (“who, which”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὅς (hós), Sanskrit यद् (yás, yā, yad), Avestan 𐬫𐬋 (yō), Phrygian ιος (ios), Gothic 𐌾𐌰 (ja), 𐌾𐌰𐌹 (jai, “yes”), Old High German ja, jā (“yes”) (German ja), Old English ġēa (“yea, yes”) (English yea).
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
iam (not comparable)
- already
- Birota iam refecta est. ― The bicycle has already been repaired.
- now
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 6.42.2:
- deinde Sextus et Licinius dē decemvirīs sacrōrum ex parte dē plēbe creandīs lēgem pertulēre. creātī quīnque patrum quīnque plēbis; gradūque eō jam via facta ad consulātum vidēbātur.
- anymore
- soon
- (in transitions) now, again, moreover, once more
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita : 9.19:
- Iam in opere quis par Romano miles?
- Moreover, what soldier can match the Roman in entrenching?
- Iam in opere quis par Romano miles?
Usage notes edit
Iam means, generally, “at some point previous” or “since some point previous”. In English, already, the most common translation, is used only to emphasize that this point might have been expected to be later, whereas now is used to emphasize that the statement was once false, even when the statement refers to a point in the past or future. Iam is used to express either. (Likewise, the most common Latin word for now, nunc, denotes only the literal present moment.) Also, where iam means now, it is often used in negative sentences, in which the most common English construction uses anymore.
However, note that when iam is strengthened as "iam iam" or "iam nunc", the meaning shifts to the present and has a meaning equivalent to nunc (“now, at this exact moment”).
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- “iam”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- iam in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- he has been absent five years: quinque annos or sextum (iam) annum abest
- to be middle-aged (i.e. between thirty and forty): tertiam iam aetatem videre
- those ideas have long ago been given up: illae sententiae iam pridem explosae et eiectae sunt (Fin. 5. 8. 23)
- as if the victory were already won: sicut parta iam atque explorata victoria
- he has been absent five years: quinque annos or sextum (iam) annum abest
- iam in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Portuguese edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
- Hyphenation: i‧am
Verb edit
iam
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
From imati, through elision of /m/.
Verb edit
iam ? (Cyrillic spelling иам)
- (colloquial) Alternative form of imam (first-person singular present of imati)