Wiktionary

ajar

See also: Ajar

English

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WOTD – 9 December 2015

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Middle English ajar, on char (“on [the] turn”), from on (“on”) + char (“turn, occasion”), from Old English ċierr, cyrr (“turn”), from ċierran (“to turn, convert”), equivalent to a- +‎ char. Akin to Scots char, chare (“to turn, cause to turn”), Dutch akerre, kier (“ajar”), German kehren (“to turn”). See char.

Alternative forms

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Adverb

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ajar (not comparable)

  1. Slightly turned or opened.
    The door was standing ajar.
Translations
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Adjective

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ajar (comparative more ajar, superlative most ajar)

  1. Slightly turned or opened.
    The door is ajar.
    • 1829, Edgar Allan Poe, “Tamerlane”, in Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems:
      I know—for Death, who comes for me
      From regions of the blest afar,
      Where there is nothing to deceive,
      Hath left his iron gate ajar, […]
Translations
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Verb

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ajar (third-person singular simple present ajars, present participle ajarring, simple past and past participle ajarred)

  1. (rare, perhaps nonstandard) To turn or open slightly; to become ajar or to cause to become ajar; to be or to hang ajar.
    • 1970, John H. Evans, Mercer County law journal, volume 10:
      A plainclothes detective knocked on a slightly ajarred door.
    • 1977, Bill Reed, Dogod:
      Yes, and the door also lops off stairs leading to a landing on whose landing is another door on whose hinges much of this story ajars, if it hasn't jarred too much already.
    • 2007, Loki, Shard of the Ancient:
      Just as the gates fully ajarred themselves, the Lamborghini soared through them, and out into the freedom of the poorly defined road.

Etymology 2

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From a- (“in, at”) +‎ jar (“discord, disagreement”).

Adverb

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ajar (not comparable)

  1. (archaic) Out of harmony.
  2. Being at variance or in contradiction to something.
    • 1819, Lord Byron, Don Juan, II.14:
      There is a sort of unexpressed concern, / A kind of shock that sets one's heart ajar […] .
Translations
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Verb

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ajar (third-person singular simple present ajars, present participle ajarring, simple past and past participle ajarred)

  1. (rare, perhaps nonstandard) To show variance or contradiction with something; to be or cause to be askew.
    • 1907, The English Illustrated Magazine, volume 36:
      It clean deafened the two of us, and set all the crockery ware ajarring ; and when the neighbours heard it they came running into the street to see who was getting hurt.
Translations
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Anagrams

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Albanian

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Noun

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ajar m

  1. (archaic) large basket for holding or measuring grain

Declension

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Declension of ajar
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ajar ajari ajarë ajarët
accusative ajarin
dative ajari ajarit ajarëve ajarëve
ablative ajarësh

Further reading

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  • Newmark, L. (1999) “ajar”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary

Ambonese Malay

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Etymology

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From Malay ajar

Verb

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ajar

  1. to learn

Iban

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Etymology

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From Malay ajar, from Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher, master”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /a.d͡ʒar/
  • Rhymes: -jar
  • Hyphenation: a‧jar

Noun

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ajar

  1. lesson
  2. advice

Verb

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ajar

  1. to teach

Derived terms

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Indonesian

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Malay ajar, from Classical Malay اجر (ajar), from Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher, master”), likely derived from आचार (ācāra, “conduct, behavior”). Doublet of acar, acara, acarya, and hajar.

Verb

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ajar (base-imperative ajar, active mengajar, passive diajar)

  1. to teach
Conjugation
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Conjugation of ajar (meng-, transitive)
root ajar
active passive basic
imperative 		emphatic
jussive
reflective1 ordinary
ordinary
nominative mengajar terajar diajar ajar ajarlah
accusative / dative / locative mengajari – diajari ajari ajarilah
perfective causative / applicative2 mengajarkan – diajarkan ajarkan ajarkanlah
causative
nominative mempelajar – dipelajar pelajar –
accusative / dative / locative mempelajari – dipelajari pelajari pelajarilah
perfective causative / applicative2 memperajarkan – diperajarkan perajarkan perajarkanlah

1 There is another form of reflective passive verb with affixation of ke- -an which is not included in the table. This form is only attested in active voice without causative affixation of per-.
2 The -kan row is either causative or applicative. With transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning.
Some of these forms do not normally exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Malay [Term?] (Medan/Deli dialect).

Noun

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ajar (plural ajar-ajar)

  1. (dialect) first fruit

Etymology 3

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Borrowed from Javanese ꦲꦗꦂ (ajar, “section of fruit”).

Classifier

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ajar

  1. (dialect) classifier for durian compartment
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Further reading

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Javanese

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Romanization

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ajar

  1. Romanization of ꦲꦗꦂ

Malay

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher, master”). Doublet of acar, acara, and hajar.

Verb

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ajar (Jawi spelling اجر)

  1. to teach

Derived terms

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Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

  • pengajar (“teacher”) [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
  • pengajaran (“lesson, moral of story”) [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
  • ajaran (“teachings”) [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
  • ajar-ajar (“ascetics”) [reduplication] (redup)
  • pelajar (“student”) [causative passive] (peR-)
  • pelajaran (“subject, education”) [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peR- + -an)
  • ajarkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
  • ajari [causative (locative) benefactive] (-i)
  • mengajar (“to teach”) [agent focus] (meN-)
  • diajar (“being taught (intr.)”) [patient focus] (di-)
  • diajarkan (“being taught (tr.)”) [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
  • terajar (“taught (accidentally)”) [agentless action] (teR-)
  • belajar (“to learn”) [stative / habitual] (beR-)

Descendants

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  • > Ambonese Malay: ajar (inherited)
  • > Indonesian: ajar (inherited)
  • → Iban: ajar

Further reading

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Old Javanese

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Etymology

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Unknown, probably from Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher, master”) (hence, doublet of ācārya), likely derived from आचार (ācāra, “conduct, behavior”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ajar

  1. communication, information, announcement
  2. teaching, training
  3. hermit

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • > Javanese: ꦲꦗꦂ (ajar) (inherited)
  • >? Classical Malay: اجر (ajar)
    • > Malay: ajar (inherited)
      • > Ambonese Malay: ajar (inherited)
      • > Indonesian: ajar (inherited)
      • → Iban: ajar

Further reading

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  • "ajar" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Spanish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /aˈxaɾ/ [aˈxaɾ]
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Syllabification: a‧jar

Etymology 1

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From older ahajar, from Old Spanish haja, probably from Vulgar Latin *fallia (“defect”), from Latin fallĕre.

Alternative forms

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Verb

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ajar (first-person singular present ajo, first-person singular preterite ajé, past participle ajado)

  1. (transitive or reflexive) to fade, wither
    Synonym: marchitar
    El sol ajó las flores.
    The sun withered the flowers.
    Se te olvidó regar esta planta, así que se ajó.
    You forgot to water this plant, so it withered.
  2. (transitive or reflexive) to wear out
    Synonyms: desgastar, deteriorar
    El sol y la humedad suelen ajar las alfombras.
    The sun and humidity generally wear rugs out.
  3. (transitive or reflexive) to wrinkle
    Synonym: arrugar
    No es bueno guardar los pantalones así, o los vas a ajar.
    It's not good to put away your pants this way, or you're going to wrinkle them.
    Ve a planchar esta camisa, que se te ajó después de que la guardaste doblada.
    Go iron this shirt, as it got wrinkled after you put it away folded.
  4. (transitive) to humiliate someone
    Synonym: humillar
Conjugation
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    Conjugation of ajar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive ajar
gerund ajando
past participle masculine feminine
singular ajado ajada
plural ajados ajadas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present ajo ajastú
ajásvos 		aja ajamos ajáis ajan
imperfect ajaba ajabas ajaba ajábamos ajabais ajaban
preterite ajé ajaste ajó ajamos ajasteis ajaron
future ajaré ajarás ajará ajaremos ajaréis ajarán
conditional ajaría ajarías ajaría ajaríamos ajaríais ajarían
subjunctive yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present aje ajestú
ajésvos2 		aje ajemos ajéis ajen
imperfect
(ra) 		ajara ajaras ajara ajáramos ajarais ajaran
imperfect
(se) 		ajase ajases ajase ajásemos ajaseis ajasen
future1 ajare ajares ajare ajáremos ajareis ajaren
imperative — tú
vos 		usted nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ustedes
affirmative ajatú
ajávos 		aje ajemos ajad ajen
negative no ajes no aje no ajemos no ajéis no ajen

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of ajar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive ajar dative ajarme ajarte ajarle, ajarse ajarnos ajaros ajarles, ajarse
accusative ajarme ajarte ajarlo, ajarla, ajarse ajarnos ajaros ajarlos, ajarlas, ajarse
with gerund ajando dative ajándome ajándote ajándole, ajándose ajándonos ajándoos ajándoles, ajándose
accusative ajándome ajándote ajándolo, ajándola, ajándose ajándonos ajándoos ajándolos, ajándolas, ajándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative aja dative ájame ájate ájale ájanos not used ájales
accusative ájame ájate ájalo, ájala ájanos not used ájalos, ájalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative ajá dative ajame ajate ajale ajanos not used ajales
accusative ajame ajate ajalo, ajala ajanos not used ajalos, ajalas
with formal second-person singular imperative aje dative ájeme not used ájele, ájese ájenos not used ájeles
accusative ájeme not used ájelo, ájela, ájese ájenos not used ájelos, ájelas
with first-person plural imperative ajemos dative not used ajémoste ajémosle ajémonos ajémoos ajémosles
accusative not used ajémoste ajémoslo, ajémosla ajémonos ajémoos ajémoslos, ajémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative ajad dative ajadme not used ajadle ajadnos ajaos ajadles
accusative ajadme not used ajadlo, ajadla ajadnos ajaos ajadlos, ajadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative ajen dative ájenme not used ájenle ájennos not used ájenles, ájense
accusative ájenme not used ájenlo, ájenla ájennos not used ájenlos, ájenlas, ájense

Etymology 2

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From ajo +‎ -ar.

Noun

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ajar m (plural ajares)

  1. garlic field, garlic patch

Further reading

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