ajar
English Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
From Middle English ajar, on char (“on [the] turn”), from on (“on”) + char (“turn, occasion”), from Old English ċierr, cyrr (“turn”), from ċierran (“to turn, convert”), equivalent to a- + char. Akin to Scots char, chare (“to turn, cause to turn”), Dutch akerre, kier (“ajar”), German kehren (“to turn”). See char.
Alternative forms Edit
- achar (Scotland)
Adverb Edit
ajar (not comparable)
- Slightly turned or opened.
- The door was standing ajar.
Translations Edit
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Adjective Edit
ajar (comparative more ajar, superlative most ajar)
- Slightly turned or opened.
- The door is ajar.
Translations Edit
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Verb Edit
ajar (third-person singular simple present ajars, present participle ajarring, simple past and past participle ajarred)
- (rare, perhaps nonstandard) To turn or open slightly; to become ajar or to cause to become ajar; to be or to hang ajar.
- 1970, John H. Evans, Mercer County law journal, volume 10:
- A plainclothes detective knocked on a slightly ajarred door.
- 1977, Bill Reed, Dogod:
- Yes, and the door also lops off stairs leading to a landing on whose landing is another door on whose hinges much of this story ajars, if it hasn't jarred too much already.
- 2007, Loki, Shard of the Ancient:
- Just as the gates fully ajarred themselves, the Lamborghini soared through them, and out into the freedom of the poorly defined road.
Etymology 2 Edit
a- (“in, at”) + jar (“discord, disagreement”)
Adverb Edit
ajar (not comparable)
- (archaic) Out of harmony.
- Being at variance or in contradiction to something.
- 1819, Lord Byron, Don Juan, II.14:
- There is a sort of unexpressed concern, / A kind of shock that sets one's heart ajar […] .
Translations Edit
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Verb Edit
ajar (third-person singular simple present ajars, present participle ajarring, simple past and past participle ajarred)
- (rare, perhaps nonstandard) To show variance or contradiction with something; to be or cause to be askew.
- 1907, The English Illustrated Magazine, volume 36:
- It clean deafened the two of us, and set all the crockery ware ajarring ; and when the neighbours heard it they came running into the street to see who was getting hurt.
Translations Edit
Anagrams Edit
Ambonese Malay Edit
Verb Edit
ajar
- to learn
Iban Edit
Etymology Edit
From Malay ajar, from Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher, master”).
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
ajar
Verb Edit
ajar
- to teach
Derived terms Edit
Indonesian Edit
Etymology Edit
From Malay ajar, from Classical Malay اجر (ajar), from Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher, master”), likely derived from आचार (ācāra, “conduct, behavior”). Doublet of acara, acarya, and hajar.
Pronunciation Edit
Verb Edit
ajar (base-imperative ajar, active mengajar, passive diajar)
- to teach
Conjugation Edit
Conjugation of ajar (meng-, ber-, intransitive, irregular) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Root | ajar | ||||
Active | Involuntary | Passive | Imperative | Jussive | |
Active | belajar, mengajar | terajar | diajar | ajar | ajarlah |
Locative | mengajari | terajari | diajari | ajari | ajarilah |
Causative / Applicative1 | mengajarkan | terajarkan | diajarkan | ajarkan | ajarkanlah |
Causative | |||||
Locative | mempelajari | terpelajari | dipelajari | pelajari | pelajarilah |
Causative / Applicative1 | mempelajarkan | terpelajarkan | dipelajarkan | pelajarkan | pelajarkan |
1The -kan row is either causative or applicative, with transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Notes: This verb has irregular forms when affixed to ber- and per- which resulted on initial -l- on belajar and pelajar (also an noun), otherwise conjugated regularly like intransitive meng- verbs. Some forms of the locative does not exist. Some of these forms do normally not exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning. |
Alternative forms Edit
- adjar (1901–1972)
Derived terms Edit
- belajar (“to learn, to study”)
- pelajaran (“lesson”)
- pelajar (“student, pupil”)
- pengajar (“teacher”)
- pembelajaran (“learning process”)
Further reading Edit
- “ajar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Malay Edit
Etymology Edit
From Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher, master”).
Verb Edit
ajar (Jawi spelling اجر)
- to teach
Derived terms Edit
Regular affixed derivations:
- pengajar (“teacher”) [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
- pengajaran (“lesson, moral of story”) [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
- ajaran (“teachings”) [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
- ajar-ajar (“ascetics”) [reduplication] (redup)
- pelajar (“student”) [causative passive] (peR-)
- pelajaran (“subject, education”) [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peR- + -an)
- ajarkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
- ajari [causative (locative) benefactive] (-i)
- mengajar (“to teach”) [agent focus] (meN-)
- diajar (“being taught (intr.)”) [patient focus] (di-)
- diajarkan (“being taught (tr.)”) [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
- terajar (“taught (accidentally)”) [agentless action] (teR-)
- belajar (“to learn”) [stative / habitual] (beR-)
Further reading Edit
- “ajar” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Old Javanese Edit
Etymology Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
ajar
Derived terms Edit
Further reading Edit
- "ajar" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
Spanish Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
From older ahajar, from Old Spanish haja, probably from Vulgar Latin *fallia (“defect”), from Latin fallĕre.
Alternative forms Edit
- ahajar (obsolete)
Verb Edit
ajar (first-person singular present ajo, first-person singular preterite ajé, past participle ajado)
- (transitive or reflexive) to fade, wither
- Synonym: marchitar
- El sol ajó las flores.
- The sun withered the flowers.
- Se te olvidó regar esta planta, así que se ajó.
- You forgot to water this plant, so it withered.
- (transitive or reflexive) to wear out
- Synonyms: desgastar, deteriorar
- El sol y la humedad suelen ajar las alfombras.
- The sun and humidity generally wear rugs out.
- (transitive or reflexive) to wrinkle
- Synonym: arrugar
- No es bueno guardar los pantalones así, o los vas a ajar.
- It's not good to put away your pants this way, or you're going to wrinkle them.
- Ve a planchar esta camisa, que se te ajó después de que la guardaste doblada.
- Go iron this shirt, as it got wrinkled after you put it away folded.
- (transitive) to humiliate someone
- Synonym: humillar
Conjugation Edit
infinitive | ajar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | ajando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | ajado | ajada | |||||
plural | ajados | ajadas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | ajo | ajastú ajásvos |
aja | ajamos | ajáis | ajan | |
imperfect | ajaba | ajabas | ajaba | ajábamos | ajabais | ajaban | |
preterite | ajé | ajaste | ajó | ajamos | ajasteis | ajaron | |
future | ajaré | ajarás | ajará | ajaremos | ajaréis | ajarán | |
conditional | ajaría | ajarías | ajaría | ajaríamos | ajaríais | ajarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | aje | ajestú ajésvos2 |
aje | ajemos | ajéis | ajen | |
imperfect (ra) |
ajara | ajaras | ajara | ajáramos | ajarais | ajaran | |
imperfect (se) |
ajase | ajases | ajase | ajásemos | ajaseis | ajasen | |
future1 | ajare | ajares | ajare | ajáremos | ajareis | ajaren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | ajatú ajávos |
aje | ajemos | ajad | ajen | ||
negative | no ajes | no aje | no ajemos | no ajéis | no ajen |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive ajar | |||||||
dative | ajarme | ajarte | ajarle, ajarse | ajarnos | ajaros | ajarles, ajarse | |
accusative | ajarme | ajarte | ajarlo, ajarla, ajarse | ajarnos | ajaros | ajarlos, ajarlas, ajarse | |
with gerund ajando | |||||||
dative | ajándome | ajándote | ajándole, ajándose | ajándonos | ajándoos | ajándoles, ajándose | |
accusative | ajándome | ajándote | ajándolo, ajándola, ajándose | ajándonos | ajándoos | ajándolos, ajándolas, ajándose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative aja | |||||||
dative | ájame | ájate | ájale | ájanos | not used | ájales | |
accusative | ájame | ájate | ájalo, ájala | ájanos | not used | ájalos, ájalas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative ajá | |||||||
dative | ajame | ajate | ajale | ajanos | not used | ajales | |
accusative | ajame | ajate | ajalo, ajala | ajanos | not used | ajalos, ajalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative aje | |||||||
dative | ájeme | not used | ájele, ájese | ájenos | not used | ájeles | |
accusative | ájeme | not used | ájelo, ájela, ájese | ájenos | not used | ájelos, ájelas | |
with first-person plural imperative ajemos | |||||||
dative | not used | ajémoste | ajémosle | ajémonos | ajémoos | ajémosles | |
accusative | not used | ajémoste | ajémoslo, ajémosla | ajémonos | ajémoos | ajémoslos, ajémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative ajad | |||||||
dative | ajadme | not used | ajadle | ajadnos | ajaos | ajadles | |
accusative | ajadme | not used | ajadlo, ajadla | ajadnos | ajaos | ajadlos, ajadlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative ajen | |||||||
dative | ájenme | not used | ájenle | ájennos | not used | ájenles, ájense | |
accusative | ájenme | not used | ájenlo, ájenla | ájennos | not used | ájenlos, ájenlas, ájense |
Etymology 2 Edit
Noun Edit
ajar m (plural ajares)
Further reading Edit
- “ajar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014