x
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TranslingualEdit
Etymology 1Edit
LetterEdit
x (upper case X)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
- (Variations of letter X): Ẍẍ Ẋẋ ᶍ Xx
Etymology 2Edit
The variable name comes from usage in Spain, as up to the 16th century ⟨x⟩ had the sound value /ʃ/ in Spanish, so was used to transcribe Arabic ش (š) used for the purpose of a variable as an abbreviation of شَيْء (šayʔ, “thing”).[1] Its sound value is since then /x/ which explains the decision made in the circle of the International Phonetic Association to assign this character to the voiceless velar fricative. Compare English hickey (“an object whose name is not recalled; bruise-like mark made during petting by pressing the mouth to the skin”) for the development of the sense of a communicated kiss.
PronunciationEdit
IPA (file)
SymbolEdit
x
- (IPA) The voiceless velar fricative.
- (mathematics) An unknown variable.
- (mathematics) The first coordinate in Cartesian coordinates, representing horizontal position.
- Used as a placeholder for a digit or value that may vary.
- 2008, Leonard Richardson; Sam Ruby, RESTful Web Services (in English), page 387:
- The 5xx [i.e. three digits starting "5"] series of status codes is for representing problems on the server side.
- 2009, Ravi Rikhye, Concise World Armies 2009 (in English):
- BRIGADE NUMBERING - TRADITIONAL • Armor Brigade [5xx series] • Armored Infantry Brigade [3xx series] • Motorized Infantry Brigade [2xx series] • Infantry Brigade [1xx series] • Special Forces [8xx series]
- 2010, Tri "Slowhabit" Nguyen; Martin Harris, Advanced PLO Play (in English), page 53:
- Although my opponent will have 4xxx [i.e. a 4 and three other cards] frequently, I have to stack off occasionally to avoid being exploited in this spot.
- A kiss at the end of a letter, or similar missive.
- 2012, Amanda Jennings, Sworn Secret (in English):
- i love you :)! xxx. She pressed send and stared at him. She giggled when he reached into his pocket and pulled out his phone.
- 2012, Maya Rodale, Geheimes Spiel der Liebe[5] (in German):
- XOXO, dein Schreibmädchen, deine Frau
- XOXO, your writing girl, your wife
- 2013, La voz de Carly[6] (in Spanish):
- Nos vemos en unos días. Te quiero. Xoxo.
- We see each other in a few days. I want you. Xoxo.
- 1999, Mon évolution par l'Amour[7] (in French), page 134:
- Je t'aime ! Kristel xxxx...
- I love you ! Kristel xxxx...
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Lagarde, Paul de (1882), “Woher stammt das x der Mathematiker?”, in Nachrichten von der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen[1] (in German), issue 13, pages 409–413
Etymology 3Edit
The multiplication sign is an arbitrary notation developed in the early 17th century.
SymbolEdit
x
- Alternative spelling of ×
- Dimensions: 1280x720
- 3x as much as usual
- 2017, Karin Loose, Gesunde Lebensführung - Gewusst wie!?: Ernährung + Bewegung + Psyche, BookRix, →ISBN:
- Nebenzahlreichen sekundären Pflanzenstoffen enthält Moringa: 2x so viel Proteine wie Soja [...]
Usage notesEdit
Using x (in upper- or lower-case, italicized or not, and sometimes rotated 90 degrees) to indicate multiplication was common in 17th-century mathematical texts.[1] Today, this usage is considered poor typography, but it is nevertheless common because computer keyboards lack a × key.
ReferencesEdit
Etymology 4Edit
Originates in given multiples of the speeds specified in the original CD and DVD standards, then, by reason of the actual unit being without name but just implied by the multiplication sign, reinterpreted as or used as if a unit, considering also that data transfer speed is variable, so that now, bolstered by stylization of the sign in the marketing of manufacturers, either spelling, with the multiplication sign or with the ex borrowed from the iconic mathematical variable sign, seems correct.
SymbolEdit
x
- (computing) A unit of transfer rate of CD drives, equal to 150 KiB per second.
- (computing) A unit of transfer rate of DVD drives, equal 1.32 MiB per second.
Further readingEdit
- “What is meant by the speed of a CD or DVD drive?”, in Indiana University: University Information Technology Services Knowledge Base[8], 2018-01-18
- Optical disc drive#Rotational mechanism on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- CD and DVD writing speed on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Etymology 5Edit
SymbolEdit
x
- Ⅹ, the Roman numeral ten (10)
Alternative formsEdit
See alsoEdit
GalleryEdit
- Letter styles
-
Uppercase and lowercase versions of X, in normal and italic type
-
Uppercase and lowercase X in Fraktur
See alsoEdit
Other representations of X:
EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
x (lower case, upper case X, plural xs or x's)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the English alphabet, called ex and written in the Latin script.
- Forming gender-neutral or otherwise more inclusive versions of words, especially Spanish-derived words by replacing both the masculine -o and feminine -a.
See alsoEdit
AdjectiveEdit
x
- Alternative letter-case form of X (“intersex or non-binary, in passports and identification documents”)
ConjunctionEdit
x
- (fandom slang) Used between the names of two characters to denote a ship, particularly in anime, manga, and video games.
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:x.
- (music) Used in place of and in artist collaborations.
- Taska Black x DROELOE, Steve Aoki x Lauren Jauregui, etc.
Etymology 2Edit
Abbreviations.
x
- (stenoscript) the sound sequence /ɛks/ or /ks/.
- (stenoscript) the suffix or final sequence /iəs/ (-ious, -eous, -eus)
- (stenoscript) the suffix or final syllable /ʃəs/ (-tious, -cious, -xious)
- (stenoscript) the suffix or final syllable /ʃəl/ (-tial, -cial)
See alsoEdit
AfarEdit
LetterEdit
x
- The eighth letter of the Afar alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
AlbanianEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
x (upper case X, lower case x)
- The thirty-second letter of the Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) shkronjë; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, Dh dh, E e, Ë ë, F f, G g, Gj gj, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, Nj nj, O o, P p, Q q, R r, Rr rr, S s, Sh sh, T t, Th th, U u, V v, X x, Xh xh, Y y, Z z, Zh zh
- (Arvanitic) (Greek script letters) Α α, Β β, Ƃ ƅ, Γ γ, Γj γj, Δ δ, D d, Ε ε, Ε̱ ε̱, Ζ ζ, Ζ̇ ζ̇, Θ θ, Ι ι, J j, Κ κ, Κ̇ κ̇, Λ λ, ΛΛ λλ, Λ̇ λ̇, Μ μ, Ν ν, Ν̇ ν̇, Ο ο, Π π, Ρ ρ, Ρ̇ ρ̇, Σ σ, Σ̈ σ̈, Τ τ, Ȣ ȣ, Υ υ, Φ φ, Χ χ, Χ̇ χ̇, ΤΣ τσ, ΤΣ̈ τσ̈, DΣ dσ, DΣ̈ dσ̈
AzerbaijaniEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
x lower case (upper case X)
- The twelfth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
BasqueEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
x (lower case, upper case X)
- The twenty-fifth letter of the Basque alphabet, called ixa and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
DutchEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
x (lower case, upper case X)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Dutch alphabet.
See alsoEdit
EsperantoEdit
LetterEdit
x (lower case, upper case X)
- (replacement) The letter that represents a diacritic in the x-system, written after the letter in its non-diacriticked form; it is called ikso.
FinnishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Audio (file)
LetterEdit
x (lower case, upper case X)
- The twenty-third letter of the Finnish alphabet, called äks or eks and written in the Latin script.
Usage notesEdit
- Used only in loanwords. In more established loanwords replaced with ks.
See alsoEdit
FrenchEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
x (lower case, upper case X)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.
- 1837, Louis Viardot, L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manchefr.Wikisource, translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Chapter I:
- Avec ces propos et d’autres semblables, le pauvre gentilhomme perdait le jugement. Il passait les nuits et se donnait la torture pour les comprendre, pour les approfondir, pour leur tirer le sens des entrailles, ce qu’Aristote lui-même n’aurait pu faire, s’il fût ressuscité tout exprès pour cela.
- With these passages and other similar ones, the poor gentleman lost his judgement. He spent his nights and tortured himself to understand them, to consider them more deeply, to take from them their deepest meaning, which Aristotle himself would not have been able to do, had he been resurrected for that very purpose.
GothicEdit
RomanizationEdit
x
- Romanization of 𐍇
HungarianEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
x (lower case, upper case X)
- A letter of the extended Hungarian alphabet, called iksz and written in the Latin script.
DeclensionEdit
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | x | x-ek |
accusative | x-et | x-eket |
dative | x-nek | x-eknek |
instrumental | x-szel | x-ekkel |
causal-final | x-ért | x-ekért |
translative | x-szé | x-ekké |
terminative | x-ig | x-ekig |
essive-formal | x-ként | x-ekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | x-ben | x-ekben |
superessive | x-en | x-eken |
adessive | x-nél | x-eknél |
illative | x-be | x-ekbe |
sublative | x-re | x-ekre |
allative | x-hez | x-ekhez |
elative | x-ből | x-ekből |
delative | x-ről | x-ekről |
ablative | x-től | x-ektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
x-é | x-eké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
x-éi | x-ekéi |
Possessive forms of x | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | x-em | x-eim |
2nd person sing. | x-ed | x-eid |
3rd person sing. | x-e | x-ei |
1st person plural | x-ünk | x-eink |
2nd person plural | x-etek | x-eitek |
3rd person plural | x-ük | x-eik |
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.
Further readingEdit
- x in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
IcelandicEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
x (upper case X)
- The twenty-seventh letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
IdoEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
x (upper case X)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
IndonesianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
x (upper case X)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) huruf; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
x
- (text messaging) Abbreviation of kali.
Etymology 3Edit
Unknown.
SuffixEdit
x
- (text messaging, slang) Abbreviation of -nya.
SynonymsEdit
ItalianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
LetterEdit
x f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case X)
- the twenty-fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, called ics in Italian
Usage notesEdit
- The letter X is not considered part of the Italian alphabet. It is found mainly in loanwords, Latinisms, and Grecisms.
Etymology 2Edit
The multiplication sign × (which is visually similar to the letter x) is pronounced per in Italian.
PrepositionEdit
x
- (text messaging, slang) Abbreviation of per (“for”).
Usage notesEdit
LatinEdit
LetterEdit
x (lower case, upper case X)
- The twenty-third letter of the Latin alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- More information at X.
MalayEdit
LetterEdit
x (lower case, upper case X) (eks)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
AdverbEdit
x
- (informal, text messaging, Internet slang) Abbreviation of tak (“not”).
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
MalteseEdit
PronunciationEdit
- IPA(key): /ʃ/
- IPA(key): /ʒ/ (by assimilation to a following voiced obstruent)
- In a handful of English borrowings, x represents /ʒ/ also in other positions (compare televixin).
LetterEdit
x (upper case X)
- The twenty-eighth letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
NorwegianEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
x
- The 24th letter of the Norwegian alphabet.
Usage notesEdit
- Only appears in loanwords from e.g. Latin.
PortugueseEdit
PronunciationEdit
Phoneme:
Letter name:
Audio (BR) (file)
LetterEdit
x (lower case, upper case X)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
RomaniEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
x (lower case, upper case X)
- (International Standard) The eleventh letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
- (Pan-Vlax) The twelfth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).
ReferencesEdit
- Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “X, x”, in ニューエクスプレス ロマ(ジプシー)語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 13
RomanianEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
x (lower case, upper case X)
- The twenty-ninth letter of the Romanian alphabet, called ics and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
SpanishEdit
PronunciationEdit
- IPA(key): (phoneme) /ks/, /s/, /x/
- IPA(key): (letter name) /ˈekis/ [ˈe.kis]
- IPA(key): (gender-neutral) /e/ [e]
- Rhymes: -e
LetterEdit
x (lower case, upper case X)
- the 25th letter of the Spanish alphabet
- (uncommon) Forming gender-neutral versions of words by replacing both the masculine o and feminine a.
See alsoEdit
PrepositionEdit
x
ZuluEdit
LetterEdit
x (lower case, upper case X)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.