x
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Translingual
Etymology 1
Letter
x (upper case X)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
See also
- (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
- (Variations of letter X): Ẍẍ Ẋẋ ᶍ Xx
Etymology 2
The variable name comes from usage in Spain, as up to the 16th century ⟨x⟩ had the sound value /ʃ/ in Spanish, so was used to transcribe Arabic ش (š) used for the purpose of a variable as an abbreviation of شَيْء (šayʔ, “thing”).[1] Its sound value in Spanish has since then become /x/, which explains the decision made in the circle of the International Phonetic Association to assign this character to the voiceless velar fricative. Compare English hickey (“an object whose name is not recalled; bruise-like mark made during petting by pressing the mouth to the skin”) for the development of the sense of a communicated kiss.
Pronunciation
IPA (file)
Symbol
x
- (IPA) a voiceless velar fricative.
- (superscript ⟨ˣ⟩) [x]-fricated release, [x]-coloring, or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [x] – see ⟨ˣ⟩.
- (mathematics) A name for an unknown variable.
- (mathematics) The first coordinate in Cartesian coordinates, representing horizontal position.
- Used as a placeholder for a digit or value that may vary.
- 2008, Leonard Richardson, Sam Ruby, RESTful Web Services (in English), page 387:
- The 5xx [i.e. three digits starting "5"] series of status codes is for representing problems on the server side.
- 2009, Ravi Rikhye, Concise World Armies 2009 (in English):
- BRIGADE NUMBERING - TRADITIONAL • Armor Brigade [5xx series] • Armored Infantry Brigade [3xx series] • Motorized Infantry Brigade [2xx series] • Infantry Brigade [1xx series] • Special Forces [8xx series]
- 2010, Tri "Slowhabit" Nguyen, Martin Harris, Advanced PLO Play (in English), page 53:
- Although my opponent will have 4xxx [i.e. a 4 and three other cards] frequently, I have to stack off occasionally to avoid being exploited in this spot.
- A kiss at the end of a letter, or similar missive.
- 2012, Amanda Jennings, Sworn Secret (in English):
- i love you :)! xxx. She pressed send and stared at him. She giggled when he reached into his pocket and pulled out his phone.
- 2012, Maya Rodale, Geheimes Spiel der Liebe[5] (in German):
- XOXO, dein Schreibmädchen, deine Frau
- XOXO, your writing girl, your wife
- 2013, Arthur Fleischmann, Carly Fleischmann, La voz de Carly[6] (in Spanish):
- Nos vemos en unos días. Te quiero. Xoxo.
- We see each other in a few days. I want you. Xoxo.
- 1999, Mon évolution par l'Amour[7] (in French), page 134:
- Je t’aime ! Kristel xxxx...
- I love you ! Kristel xxxx...
Usage notes
In the mathematical senses, the term is conventionally rendered in italics, as in, “Solve the equation for ”
References
- ^ Lagarde, Paul de (1882), “Woher stammt das x der Mathematiker?”, in Nachrichten von der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen[1] (in German), issue 13, pages 409–413
Etymology 3
The multiplication sign is an arbitrary notation developed in the early 17th century.
Symbol
x
- Alternative spelling of ×
- Dimensions: 1280x720
- 3x as much as usual
- 2017, Karin Loose, Gesunde Lebensführung - Gewusst wie!?: Ernährung + Bewegung + Psyche (in German), BookRix, →ISBN:
- Nebenzahlreichen sekundären Pflanzenstoffen enthält Moringa: 2x so viel Proteine wie Soja [...]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes
Using x (in upper- or lower-case, italicized or not, and sometimes rotated 90 degrees) to indicate multiplication was common in 17th-century mathematical texts.[1] Today, this usage is considered poor typography, but it is nevertheless common because computer keyboards lack a × key.
References
Etymology 4
Originates in given multiples of the speeds specified in the original CD and DVD standards, then, by reason of the actual unit being without name but just implied by the multiplication sign, reinterpreted as or used as if a unit, considering also that data transfer speed is variable, so that now, bolstered by stylization of the sign in the marketing of manufacturers, either spelling, with the multiplication sign or with the ex borrowed from the iconic mathematical variable sign, seems correct.
Symbol
x
- (computing) A unit of transfer rate of CD drives, equal to 150 KiB per second.
- (computing) A unit of transfer rate of DVD drives, equal 1.32 MiB per second.
Further reading
- “What is meant by the speed of a CD or DVD drive?”, in Indiana University: University Information Technology Services Knowledge Base[8], 2018-01-18
- Optical disc drive#Rotational mechanism on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- CD and DVD writing speed on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Etymology 5
Symbol
x
- Ⅹ, the Roman numeral ten (10)
Alternative forms
See also
Gallery
- Letter styles
-
Uppercase and lowercase versions of X, in normal and italic type
-
Uppercase and lowercase X in Fraktur
See also
Other representations of X:
English
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Letter
x (lower case, upper case X, plural xs or x's)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the English alphabet, called ex and written in the Latin script.
- Forming gender-neutral or otherwise more inclusive versions of words, especially Spanish-derived words by replacing both the masculine -o and feminine -a.
See also
Adjective
x
- Alternative letter-case form of X (“intersex or non-binary, in passports and identification documents”)
Numeral
x
- (sometimes humorous) An unknown or unspecified number of.
- 2016 February 22, Andrew Sparrow, “David Cameron's swipe at Boris Johnson in the Commons – verdict”, in The Guardian[9]:
- David Cameron gives a Commons statement after every EU summit and normally they follow a predictable pattern; he says that he set out with X number of aims, and then he explains he has achieved all X of them (even if he hasn’t). The most interesting comments normally come in the exchanges with MPs.
- 2016 May 19, Aaron Souppouris, “Why Google can't stop making messaging apps”, in Engadget[10]:
- But chances are that Google will continue to float new ideas before eventually merging the best of them into a single, coherent application, as it did with Hangouts. And then it'll start the process again. In the meantime, Google will spend money developing x number of duplicate apps, and users will have to deal with a confusing mess of applications on their home screens.
Conjunction
x
- (fandom slang) Used between the names of two characters to denote a ship, particularly in anime, manga, and video games.
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:x.
- (music) Used in place of and in artist collaborations.
- Taska Black x DROELOE, Steve Aoki x Lauren Jauregui, etc.
Etymology 2
Abbreviations.
Symbol
x
- (stenoscript) the sound sequence /ɛks/ or /ks/.
- (stenoscript) the suffix or final sequence /iəs/ (-ious, -eous, -eus)
- (stenoscript) the suffix or final syllable /ʃəs/ (-tious, -cious, -xious)
- (stenoscript) the suffix or final syllable /ʃəl/ (-tial, -cial)
See also
Afar
Letter
x
- The eighth letter of the Afar alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
Albanian
Pronunciation
Letter
x (upper case X, lower case x)
- The thirty-second letter of the Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) shkronjë; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, Dh dh, E e, Ë ë, F f, G g, Gj gj, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, Nj nj, O o, P p, Q q, R r, Rr rr, S s, Sh sh, T t, Th th, U u, V v, X x, Xh xh, Y y, Z z, Zh zh
- (Arvanitic) (Greek script letters) Α α, Β β, Ƃ ƅ, Γ γ, Γj γj, Δ δ, D d, Ε ε, Ε̱ ε̱, Ζ ζ, Ζ̇ ζ̇, Θ θ, Ι ι, J j, Κ κ, Κ̇ κ̇, Λ λ, ΛΛ λλ, Λ̇ λ̇, Μ μ, Ν ν, Ν̇ ν̇, Ο ο, Π π, Ρ ρ, Ρ̇ ρ̇, Σ σ, Σ̈ σ̈, Τ τ, Ȣ ȣ, Υ υ, Φ φ, Χ χ, Χ̇ χ̇, ΤΣ τσ, ΤΣ̈ τσ̈, DΣ dσ, DΣ̈ dσ̈
Azerbaijani
Pronunciation
Letter
x lower case (upper case X)
- The twelfth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
Basque
Pronunciation
Letter
x (lower case, upper case X)
- The twenty-fifth letter of the Basque alphabet, called ixa and written in the Latin script.
See also
Blin
Pronunciation
Letter
x (uppercase X)
Central Mazahua
Pronunciation
Letter
x (upper case X)
- A letter of the Mazahua alphabet.
Comox
Pronunciation
Letter
x (upper case X)
- A letter of the Comox alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Dutch
Pronunciation
Letter
x (lower case, upper case X)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Dutch alphabet.
See also
Esperanto
Letter
x (lower case, upper case X)
- (replacement) The letter that represents a diacritic in the x-system, written after the letter in its non-diacriticked form; it is called ikso.
Finnish
Etymology
The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on Swedish, German and Latin. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and x for development of the glyph itself.
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Letter
x (lower case, upper case X)
- The twenty-third letter of the Finnish alphabet, called äks or eks and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes
- Used only in loanwords. In more established loanwords replaced with ks.
See also
French
Pronunciation
Letter
x (lower case, upper case X)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.
- 1837, Louis Viardot, L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manchefr.Wikisource, translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Chapter I:
- Avec ces propos et d’autres semblables, le pauvre gentilhomme perdait le jugement. Il passait les nuits et se donnait la torture pour les comprendre, pour les approfondir, pour leur tirer le sens des entrailles, ce qu’Aristote lui-même n’aurait pu faire, s’il fût ressuscité tout exprès pour cela.
- With these passages and other similar ones, the poor gentleman lost his judgement. He spent his nights and tortured himself to understand them, to consider them more deeply, to take from them their deepest meaning, which Aristotle himself would not have been able to do, had he been resurrected for that very purpose.
Gothic
Romanization
x
- Romanization of 𐍇
Hungarian
Pronunciation
Letter
x (lower case, upper case X)
- A letter of the extended Hungarian alphabet, called iksz and written in the Latin script.
Declension
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | x | x-ek |
accusative | x-et | x-eket |
dative | x-nek | x-eknek |
instrumental | x-szel | x-ekkel |
causal-final | x-ért | x-ekért |
translative | x-szé | x-ekké |
terminative | x-ig | x-ekig |
essive-formal | x-ként | x-ekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | x-ben | x-ekben |
superessive | x-en | x-eken |
adessive | x-nél | x-eknél |
illative | x-be | x-ekbe |
sublative | x-re | x-ekre |
allative | x-hez | x-ekhez |
elative | x-ből | x-ekből |
delative | x-ről | x-ekről |
ablative | x-től | x-ektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
x-é | x-eké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
x-éi | x-ekéi |
Possessive forms of x | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | x-em | x-eim |
2nd person sing. | x-ed | x-eid |
3rd person sing. | x-e | x-ei |
1st person plural | x-ünk | x-eink |
2nd person plural | x-etek | x-eitek |
3rd person plural | x-ük | x-eik |
Derived terms
See also
- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.
Further reading
- x in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Icelandic
Pronunciation
Letter
x (upper case X)
- The twenty-seventh letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
Ido
Pronunciation
Letter
x (upper case X)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
Indonesian
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Letter
x (upper case X)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) huruf; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
Etymology 2
Noun
x
- (text messaging) Abbreviation of kali.
Etymology 3
Unknown.
Suffix
x
- (text messaging, slang) Abbreviation of -nya.
Synonyms
Italian
Etymology 1
Letter
x f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case X)
- the twenty-fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, called ics in Italian
Usage notes
- The letter X is not considered part of the Italian alphabet. It is found mainly in loanwords, Latinisms, and Grecisms.
Etymology 2
The multiplication sign × (which is visually similar to the letter x) is pronounced per in Italian.
Preposition
x
- (text messaging, slang) Abbreviation of per (“for”).
Usage notes
Kwak'wala
Pronunciation
Letter
- x (upper case X)
- A letter of the Kwak'wala alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Latin
Letter
x (lower case, upper case X)
- The twenty-third letter of the Latin alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
- More information at X.
Malay
Letter
x (lower case, upper case X) (eks)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
Adverb
x
- (informal, text messaging, Internet slang) Abbreviation of tak (“not”).
Synonyms
Derived terms
Maltese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʃ/
- IPA(key): /ʒ/ (by assimilation to a following voiced obstruent)
- In a handful of English borrowings, x represents /ʒ/ also in other positions (compare televixin).
Letter
x (upper case X)
- The twenty-eighth letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
Mam
Pronunciation
Letter
x (uppercase X)
Pronunciation
Letter
x (upper case X)
- A letter of the Navajo alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Usage notes
The letter ⟨x⟩ is used for the phoneme /x/, but also for /h/ after the letter ⟨s⟩ and elsewhere that an ⟨h⟩ would be ambiguous.
Norwegian
Pronunciation
Letter
x
- The 24th letter of the Norwegian alphabet.
Usage notes
- Only appears in loanwords from e.g. Latin.
Portuguese
Pronunciation
Phoneme:
Letter name:
Audio (BR) (file)
Letter
x (lower case, upper case X)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
Romani
Pronunciation
Letter
x (lower case, upper case X)
- (International Standard) The eleventh letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
- (Pan-Vlax) The twelfth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).
References
- Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “X, x”, in ニューエクスプレス ロマ(ジプシー)語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 13
Romanian
Pronunciation
Letter
x (lower case, upper case X)
- The twenty-ninth letter of the Romanian alphabet, called ics and written in the Latin script.
See also
Somali
Pronunciation
Letter
x (upper case X)
- The fifth letter of the Somali alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (phoneme) /ks/, /s/, /x/
- IPA(key): (letter name) /ˈekis/ [ˈe.kis]
- Rhymes: -ekis
- IPA(key): (gender-neutral) /e/ [e]
- Rhymes: -e
Letter
x (lower case, upper case X)
- the 25th letter of the Spanish alphabet
- (uncommon) forms gender-neutral versions of words by replacing both the masculine o and feminine a
See also
Preposition
x
Tagalog
Etymology
From Spanish x. Each pronunciation has a different source:
- Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English x.
- Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish x.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: x
- (letter name, Filipino alphabet): IPA(key): /ʔeks/, [ʔɛks]
- (letter name, Abecedario): IPA(key): /ˈʔekis/, [ˈʔɛ.xɪs]
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /ks/, [ks]
- (phoneme, some Spanish loanwords): IPA(key): /h/, [h]
- Rhymes: -eks, -ekis
Letter
x (lower case, upper case X, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔)
- The twenty-sixth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (Filipino alphabet), called eks and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes
- This letter is mostly used only in proper nouns, unadapted loanwords, or Spanish-based spellings.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) titik; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
Letter
x (lower case, upper case X, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜃᜒᜐ᜔)
- (historical) The twenty-sixth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (Abecedario), called equis or ekis and written in the Latin script.
Further reading
- “x”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila: Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2018
Zulu
Letter
x (lower case, upper case X)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.