三皇

Chinese

		three	emperor; surname
simp. and trad. (三皇)		三	皇

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Sānhuáng

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄢ ㄏㄨㄤˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saam¹ wong⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Sâm-fòng
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Sam-hông
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹se-waon

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Sānhuáng
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄢ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Sanhuáng
    • Wade–Giles: San¹-huang²
    • Yale: Sān-hwáng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Sanhwang
    • Palladius: Саньхуан (Sanʹxuan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sän⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: saam¹ wong⁴
    • Yale: sāam wòhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saam¹ wong⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: sam¹ wong⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːm⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sâm-fòng
    • Hakka Romanization System: sam´ fongˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sam¹ fong²
    • Sinological IPA: /sam²⁴ foŋ¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sam-hông
    • Tâi-lô: Sam-hông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: samhoong
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sam⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sam³³ hɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sam⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /sam⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sam⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹se-waon
    • MiniDict: se^平 waon
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹se-hhuaan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /se⁵⁵ ɦuɑ̃²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: sam|samH hwang

Rime
Character	三	三	皇
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	心 (16)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	談 (143)	談 (143)	唐 (102)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	I	I
Fanqie	蘇甘切	蘇暫切	胡光切
Baxter	sam	samH	hwang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɑm/	/sɑmH/	/ɦwɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/sɑm/	/sɑmH/	/ɦʷɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/sɑm/	/sɑmH/	/ɣuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sam/	/samH/	/ɦwaŋ/
Li Rong	/sɑm/	/sɑmH/	/ɣuɑŋ/
Wang Li	/sɑm/	/sɑmH/	/ɣuɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/sɑm/	/sɑmH/	/ɣwɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sān	sàn	huáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saam1	saam3	wong4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.rum|s.r[u]m-s  [ɢ]ʷˤaŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*suːm|suːms  ɡʷaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	三	三	皇	皇
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sān	sān	huáng	huáng
Middle Chinese	‹ sam ›	‹ samH ›	‹ hwang ›	‹ hwang ›
Old Chinese	/*s.rum/ (*s.r- > s-; infl. by 四 *s-?)	/*s.r[u]m-s/ (*s.r- > *s-, infl. by 四 *s-?)	/*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/	/*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/
English	three	three times	yellow and white spotted	sovereign
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	三	三	皇
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	10963	10965	12696
Phonetic component	三	三	王
Rime group	侵	侵	陽
Rime subdivision	3	3	0
Corresponding MC rime	三	三	黃
Old Chinese	/*suːm/	/*suːms/	/*ɡʷaːŋ/
Notes			禮王制鄭注冕屬， 金文象羽冠，王聲；或雲象日射輝則爲暀晃初文

Proper noun

三皇

1. (Chinese mythology) the Three Sovereigns

Derived terms

• 三皇五帝 (Sānhuáng Wǔdì)

 

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
三	皇

Proper noun

三皇

1. chữ Hán form of Tam Hoàng (“the Three Sovereigns”).