井

井 U+4E95, 井 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E95 ← 五 [U+4E94] CJK Unified Ideographs 亖 → [U+4E96]

See also: 丼 and 幷

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

井 (radical 7 二+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 廿廿 (TT), four-corner 5500₀)

DescendantsEdit

• ヰ

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 86, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 258
• Dae Jaweon: page 183, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 10, character 4
• Unihan data for U+4E95

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ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		井
alt. forms		丼

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 井
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bamboo and silk script	Large seal script	Small seal script
Oracle bone script j12550 j12551 j12552 j12553 j12554 j12555 j12556 j12557 j12558 j12559 j12560 j12561 j12562 j12563 j12564 j12565 j12566 j12567 j12568 j12569 j12570 j12571 j12572 j12573 j12574 j12575 Bronze inscriptions b07748 b07749 b07750 b07751 b07752 b07753 b07754 b07755 b07756 b07757 b07758 b07759 b07760 b07761 b07762 b07763 b07764 b07765 b07766 b07767 b07768 b07769 b07770 b07771 b07772 b07773 b07774 b07775 b07776 b07777 b07778 b07779 b07780 Large seal script L17889 L17890 L17891 L17892 Small seal script s03663
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (large seal) and Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (井) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
硎	*kʰreːŋ, *ɡeːŋ
耕	*kreːŋ
荊	*keŋ
井	*skeŋʔ
丼	*kloːmʔ, *skeŋʔ
妌	*sɡeŋʔ
穽	*sɡeŋʔ, *sɡeŋs
阱	*sɡeŋʔ, *sɡeŋs
汫	*sɡeːŋʔ
刑	*ɡeːŋ
形	*ɡeːŋ
邢	*ɡeːŋ
鉶	*ɡeːŋ
型	*ɡeːŋ
侀	*ɡeːŋ

Pictogram (象形) – a square well, with supports on four sides.

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jǐng (jing³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zeng², zing²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chiáng
• Min Nan (POJ): chíⁿ / chéⁿ / chéng
• Wu (Wiktionary): jin (T2)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: jǐng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˇ
    • Wade-Giles: ching³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiing
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zeng², zing²
    • Yale: jéng, jíng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzeng², dzing²
    • Guangdong Romanization: zéng², jing²
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/, /t͡sɪŋ³⁵/

Note:

• zeng2 - vernacular;
• zing2 - literary.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chiáng
    • Hakka Romanization System: jiang`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: jiang³
    • IPA: /t͡ɕi̯aŋ³¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chíⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tsínn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cvie
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕĩ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕĩ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕĩ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kinmen): /t͡ɕĩ⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chéⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tsénn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zvea
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɛ̃⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sẽ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chéng
    • Tâi-lô: tsíng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zeang
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴¹/

Note:

• chíⁿ/chéⁿ - vernacular;
• chéng - literary.

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: jin (T2)
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕɪɲ³⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /t͡siᴇŋ^X/▼

Rime
Character	井
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	清 (121)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	子郢切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siᴇŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡siɛŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡siæŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡siajŋX/
Li Rong	/t͡siɛŋX/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭɛŋX/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡si̯ɛŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jǐng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*C.tseŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*skeŋʔ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	井
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jǐng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsjengX ›
Old Chinese	/*C.tseŋʔ/
English	well (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	井
Reading #	1/1
No.	6852
Phonetic component	井
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	井
Old Chinese	/*skeŋʔ/
Notes	丼注今體甲金文爲型初文

DefinitionsEdit

井

1. well
2. well-shaped object; mineshaft, pit
3. hometown
4. 48th hexagram of the I Ching
5. A surname​.

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 井

• 下井投石
• 丘井
• 丹砂井
• 乾井／干井
• 井中求火
• 井中視星／井中视星
• 井井有條／井井有条 (jǐngjǐngyǒutiáo)
• 井井有理
• 井口邊草／井口边草
• 井地
• 井宿 (Jǐngxiù)
• 井幹／井干
• 井底之蛙 (jǐngdǐzhīwā)
• 井底銀瓶／井底银瓶
• 井架
• 井柱狀圖／井柱状图
• 井榦
• 井水 (jǐngshuǐ)
• 井渫不食
• 井然
• 井然有序
• 井田 (jǐngtián)
• 井田制度 (jǐngtián zhìdù)
• 井稅／井税
• 井穴
• 井窩子／井窝子
• 井繩／井绳
• 井臺／井台 (jǐngtái)
• 井臼
• 井蛙
• 井蛙之見／井蛙之见
• 井蛙語海／井蛙语海
• 井蛙醯雞／井蛙醯鸡
• 井逕／井迳
• 井闌／井阑
• 井陘縣／井陉县
• 井養／井养
• 井鮒／井鲋
• 井鹽／井盐
• 古井
• 古井不波

• 古井無波／古井无波
• 古井重波
• 坎井之蛙
• 坎兒井／坎儿井 (kǎnrjǐng)
• 坐井觀天／坐井观天 (zuòjǐngguāntiān)
• 天井 (tiānjǐng)
• 奔井投河
• 學如穿井／学如穿井
• 層次井然／层次井然
• 市井 (shìjǐng)
• 市井之人
• 市井之徒
• 市井之臣
• 市井小人
• 市井小民
• 市井無賴／市井无赖
• 從井救人／从井救人
• 心如古井
• 投井下石
• 投河逩井
• 投石下井
• 挑雪填井
• 捫參歷井／扪参历井
• 掘井 (juéjǐng)
• 操井臼
• 擔雪塞井／担雪塞井
• 擔雪填井／担雪填井
• 斷井頹垣／断井颓垣
• 旱井
• 景陽宮井／景阳宫井
• 枯井
• 條理井然／条理井然
• 棄井／弃井
• 橘井
• 氣井／气井
• 水井 (shuǐjǐng)
• 汲井
• 油井 (yóujǐng)
• 洋井
• 淘井

• 淘古井
• 淺井／浅井 (qiǎnjǐng)
• 渴而穿井
• 煤井
• 玉井 (Yùjǐng)
• 甘井先竭 (gānjǐngxiānjié)
• 眢井
• 礦井／矿井 (kuàngjǐng)
• 秩序井然
• 稱鎚落井／称鎚落井
• 窨井
• 管井
• 紡績井臼／纺绩井臼
• 綺井／绮井
• 耿恭拜井
• 背井離鄉／背井离乡
• 胭脂井
• 臨噎掘井／临噎掘井
• 臨渴掘井／临渴掘井 (línkějuéjǐng)
• 臨渴穿井／临渴穿井
• 自操井臼
• 自流井 (zìliújǐng)
• 落井下石 (luò jǐng xià shí)
• 藻井
• 親操井臼／亲操井臼
• 踢天弄井
• 避井落坑
• 避坑落井
• 鄉井／乡井
• 金井
• 鑿井／凿井 (záojǐng)
• 開渠穿井／开渠穿井
• 開發井／开发井
• 阿井
• 離鄉背井／离乡背井
• 離鄉避井／离乡避井
• 露井
• 鹽井／盐井
• 龍井／龙井 (Lóngjǐng)
• 龍井茶／龙井茶

Etymology 2Edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 井 – see 阱. (This character, 井, is the second-round simplified form of 阱.)

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan.

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JapaneseEdit

A well (井, 丼)

KanjiEdit

井

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. well

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: しょう (shō, Jōyō, uncommon)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
• Kan’on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
• Kun: い (i, 井, Jōyō)^{←ゐ (wi, historical)}; いど (ido, 井)^{←ゐど (wido, historical)}

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

• 井桁 (いけだ) (ikeda): well curb
• 井堰 (いせき) (iseki)
• 井 (い)戸 (ど) (ido): well
• 井筒 (いづつ) (izutsu)
• 井綱 (いづな) (izuna)
• 井守 (いもり) (imori): salamander, newt
• 甘 (かん)井 (せい) (kansei): sweet well
• 井 (せい)蛙 (あ) (seia): frog in a well
• 井水 (せいすい) (seisui): well water
• 井 (せい)泉 (せん) (seisen): well, well water
• 井 (せい)底 (てい) (seitei): bottom of a well
• 井目 (せいもく) (seimoku)
• 油 (ゆ)井 (せい) (yusei): oil well

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
井
い Grade: S
kun’yomi

wi > i.

PronunciationEdit

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) い​ [íꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
  • IPA^(key): [i]

NounEdit

井 (hiragana い, rōmaji i, historical hiragana ゐ)

1. well

Derived termsEdit

• 井 (い)の中 (なか)の蛙大海 (かわずたいかい)を知 (し)らず (i no naka no kawazu taikai o shirazu): metaphor of a narrow world view based on limited experience (literally, "a frog in a well does not know the great ocean")

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
井
せい Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 井 (tsjeng^X).

PronunciationEdit

• On’yomi: Kan’on
  • (Tokyo) せ​ー [séꜜè] (Atamadaka – [1])
  • IPA^(key): [se̞ː]

NounEdit

井 (hiragana せい, rōmaji sei)

1. well, well curb
2. Well (Chinese constellation)

ReferencesEdit

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

井 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune-Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)

1. well

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

井 (tỉnh)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.