Wiktionary

井

See also: 丼, 并, 开, 幷, and Appendix:Variations of the number sign
井 U+4E95, 井
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E95
← 五
[U+4E94] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 亖 →
[U+4E96]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

井 (Kangxi radical 7, 二+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 廿廿 (TT), four-corner 55000, composition ⿻一廾)

Derived characters edit

Descendants edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 86, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 258
  • Dae Jaweon: page 183, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 10, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+4E95

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
 井
alternative forms 丼

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 井
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         
Oracle bone script
 

j12550

 

j12551

 

j12552

 

j12553

 

j12554

 

j12555

 

j12556

 

j12557

 

j12558

 

j12559

 

j12560

 

j12561

 

j12562

 

j12563

 

j12564

 

j12565

 

j12566

 

j12567

 

j12568

 

j12569

 

j12570

 

j12571

 

j12572

 

j12573

 

j12574

 

j12575

Bronze inscriptions
 

b07748

 

b07749

 

b07750

 

b07751

 

b07752

 

b07753

 

b07754

 

b07755

 

b07757

 

b07758

 

b07759

 

b07760

 

b07761

 

b07762

 

b07763

 

b07764

 

b07765

 

b07766

 

b07767

 

b07768

 

b07769

 

b07770

 

b07771

 

b07772

 

b07773

 

b07774

 

b07775

 

b07776

 

b07777

 

b07778

 

b07779

 

b07780

Small seal script
 

s03663

Transcribed ancient scripts
 

L17889

 

L17890

 

L17891

 

L17892

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (井) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
硎 *kʰreːŋ, *ɡeːŋ
耕 *kreːŋ
荊 *keŋ
井 *skeŋʔ
丼 *kl'oːmʔ, *skeŋʔ
妌 *sɡeŋʔ
穽 *sɡeŋʔ, *sɡeŋs
阱 *sɡeŋʔ, *sɡeŋs
汫 *sɡeːŋʔ
刑 *ɡeːŋ
形 *ɡeːŋ
邢 *ɡeːŋ
鉶 *ɡeːŋ
型 *ɡeːŋ
侀 *ɡeːŋ
 
井 – an old well in a historic area in Shenzhen. Notice the square shape.

Pictogram (象形) – a square well, with supports on four sides.

Some forms have a stone inside the well, as in 丼.

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • zeng2 - vernacular;
  • zing2 - literary.
Note:
  • diang2 - vernacular;
  • den2 - literary.
Note:
  • chíⁿ/chéⁿ - vernacular;
  • chéng - literary.
Rime
Character 井
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 子郢切
Baxter tsjengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡siᴇŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡siɛŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡siæŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡siajŋX/
Li
Rong 		/t͡siɛŋX/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sĭɛŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡si̯ɛŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jǐng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zing2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 井
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jǐng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsjengX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.tseŋʔ/
English well (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 井
Reading # 1/1
No. 6852
Phonetic
component 		井
Rime
group 		耕
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		井
Old
Chinese 		/*skeŋʔ/
Notes 丼注今體甲金文爲型初文

Definitions edit

井

  1. well (a hole sunk into the ground) (Classifier: 口; 眼)
  2. well-shaped object; mineshaft, pit
  3. hometown
  4. neat; tidy
    井井有條／井井有条  ―  jǐngjǐngyǒutiáo  ―  neat and tidy
  5. 48th hexagram of the I Ching
  6. a surname
Synonyms edit
Dialectal synonyms of 水井 (“well (for collecting water)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 井
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 水井, 井
Mandarin Beijing 水井, 井
Tianjin 井
Chengde 井
Tangshan 井
Cangzhou 井
Baoding 井
Shijiazhuang 井
Chifeng 井
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 井
Heihe 井
Qiqihar 井
Harbin 水井, 井
Jiamusi 井
Baicheng 井
Changchun 井
Tonghua 井
Shenyang 井
Dandong 井
Jinzhou 井
Dalian 井
Yantai 井
Yantai (Muping) 水井, 井
Qingdao 井
Lijin 井
Zhucheng 井
Jinan 水井, 井
Jining 井
Luoyang 井
Wanrong 井
Shangqiu 井
Yuanyang 井
Zhengzhou 井
Lingbao 井
Xinyang 井
Baihe 井
Hanzhong 井
Xi'an 井
Baoji 井
Yinchuan 井
Tianshui 井
Lanzhou 井
Dunhuang 井
Xining 水井, 井
Hami 井
Ürümqi 井
Wuhan 井
Yichang 井
Xiangyang 井
Tianmen 井
Hong'an 井, 涼水井
Chengdu 井
Nanchong 水井, 井
Dazhou 井
Hanyuan 井
Xichang 井
Zigong 井
Chongqing 水井, 井
Guiyang 水井, 井
Zunyi 水井, 井
Bijie 水井, 井
Liping 井, 吊井
Zhaotong 井
Dali 井
Kunming 水井, 井
Mengzi 井
Guilin 井
Liuzhou 水井, 井
Jishou 井, 吊井
Changde 井
Anqing 井
Xuzhou 水井, 井
Fuyang 井
Wuhu 井
Yangzhou 井
Lianyungang 井
Lianshui 井
Nanjing 井
Hefei 井
Nantong 井
Singapore 水井, 井
Cantonese Guangzhou 井
Hong Kong 井
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 井
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 井
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 井
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 水井
Macau 井
Guangzhou (Panyu) 井
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 井
Guangzhou (Conghua) 井
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 井
Foshan 井
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 井
Foshan (Shunde) 井
Foshan (Sanshui) 井
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 水井
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 井
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 井
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 井
Zhuhai (Doumen) 井
Jiangmen (Baisha) 井
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 井
Taishan 水井, 井
Kaiping (Chikan) 井
Enping (Niujiang) 井
Heshan (Yayao) 水井
Dongguan 井
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 井
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 水井, 井
Gan Nanchang 井
Lichuan 井
Hakka Meixian 井
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 井
Dongguan (Qingxi) 井
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 井
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 井
Conghua (Lütian) 井
Yudu 井
Hong Kong 井
Senai (Huiyang) 井
Huizhou Jixi 井
Shexian 井
Jin Taiyuan 井, 井兒
Yangyuan 井
Datong 井
Xinzhou 水井, 井
Lishi 井兒
Linfen 井
Changzhi 井
Linhe 井
Jining 井
Hohhot 井
Erenhot 井
Pingshan 井
Zhangjiakou 井, 土井
Handan 井
Linzhou 井
Suide 井, 井子
Northern Min Jian'ou 水井
Eastern Min Fuzhou 水井, 井
Southern Min Xiamen 鼓井, 井, 水井
Quanzhou 鼓井, 水井
Jinjiang 鼓井
Zhangzhou 鼓井, 水井
Taipei 井
New Taipei (Tamsui) 井, 鼓井
New Taipei (Sanxia) 井
New Taipei (Pingxi) 井
Kaohsiung 井
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 井
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 井
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 井
Kaohsiung (Tianliao) 井
Tainan (Anping) 井
Kinmen 井
Penghu (Magong) 井
Penghu (Xiyu) 井
Penang (Hokkien) 井
Singapore (Hokkien) 井
Zhangping (Yongfu) 鼓井
Chaozhou 井
Bangkok (Teochew) 水井
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 水井
Leizhou 井
Haikou 水井
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 井
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 井, 打井
Wu Shanghai (Chongming) 井
Suzhou 井
Danyang 井
Hangzhou 水井
Ningbo 水井, 井
Wenzhou 水井, 井
Jinhua 井
Xiang Changsha 水井, 吊井
Shuangfeng 井

Compounds edit

Etymology 2 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 井 – see 阱 (“pitfall, trap”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 阱).
Notes:

Japanese edit

 
A well (井, 丼)

Kanji edit

井

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. well

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Compounds

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
井
い
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

wi > i.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

井(い) • (i) ←ゐ (wi)?

  1. well (water source)
Derived terms edit

Proper noun edit

井(い) • (I) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
井
せい
Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 井 (tsjengX).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

井(せい) • (sei) 

  1. well, well curb
  2. Well (Chinese constellation)

References edit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese 井 (MC tsjengX). Recorded as Middle Korean 져ᇰ〯 (cyěng) (Yale: cyeng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

井 (eumhun 우물 정 (umul jeong))

  1. Hanja form? of 정 (“well (a hole sunk into the ground)”).

Compounds edit

Compounds

References edit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

井: Hán Nôm readings: tỉnh

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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