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井

See also: 丼, 并, 开, 幷, and ＃
井 U+4E95, 井
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E95
← 五
[U+4E94] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 亖 →
[U+4E96]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

井 (radical 7, 二+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 廿廿 (TT), four-corner 55000, composition ⿻一廾)

Derived charactersEdit

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 86, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 258
  • Dae Jaweon: page 183, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 10, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+4E95

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 井
variant forms 丼

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 井
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         
Oracle bone script
 

j12550

 

j12551

 

j12552

 

j12553

 

j12554

 

j12555

 

j12556

 

j12557

 

j12558

 

j12559

 

j12560

 

j12561

 

j12562

 

j12563

 

j12564

 

j12565

 

j12566

 

j12567

 

j12568

 

j12569

 

j12570

 

j12571

 

j12572

 

j12573

 

j12574

 

j12575

Bronze inscriptions
 

b07748

 

b07749

 

b07750

 

b07751

 

b07752

 

b07753

 

b07754

 

b07755

 

b07757

 

b07758

 

b07759

 

b07760

 

b07761

 

b07762

 

b07763

 

b07764

 

b07765

 

b07766

 

b07767

 

b07768

 

b07769

 

b07770

 

b07771

 

b07772

 

b07773

 

b07774

 

b07775

 

b07776

 

b07777

 

b07778

 

b07779

 

b07780

Small seal script
 

s03663

Transcribed ancient scripts
 

L17889

 

L17890

 

L17891

 

L17892

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (井) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
硎 *kʰreːŋ, *ɡeːŋ
耕 *kreːŋ
荊 *keŋ
井 *skeŋʔ
丼 *kl'oːmʔ, *skeŋʔ
妌 *sɡeŋʔ
穽 *sɡeŋʔ, *sɡeŋs
阱 *sɡeŋʔ, *sɡeŋs
汫 *sɡeːŋʔ
刑 *ɡeːŋ
形 *ɡeːŋ
邢 *ɡeːŋ
鉶 *ɡeːŋ
型 *ɡeːŋ
侀 *ɡeːŋ
 
井 – an old well in a historic area in Shenzhen. Notice the square shape.

Pictogram (象形) – a square well, with supports on four sides.

Some forms have a stone inside the well, as in 丼.

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • zeng2 - vernacular;
  • zing2 - literary.
  • Hakka
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • chíⁿ/chéⁿ - vernacular;
    • chéng - literary.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 井
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 精 (13)
    Final (韻) 清 (121)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 子郢切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/t͡siᴇŋX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/t͡siɛŋX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/t͡siæŋX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/t͡siajŋX/
    Li
    Rong         		/t͡siɛŋX/
    Wang
    Li         		/t͡sĭɛŋX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/t͡si̯ɛŋX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		jǐng
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 井
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		jǐng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ tsjengX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*C.tseŋʔ/
    English well (n.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 井
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 6852
    Phonetic
    component         		井
    Rime
    group         		耕
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		井
    Old
    Chinese         		/*skeŋʔ/
    Notes 丼注今體甲金文爲型初文

    DefinitionsEdit

    井

    1. well (a hole sunk into the ground)
    2. well-shaped object; mineshaft, pit
    3. hometown
    4. neat; tidy
      井井有條 / 井井有条  ―  jǐngjǐngyǒutiáo  ―  neat and tidy
    5. 48th hexagram of the I Ching
    6. A surname​.

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 井

    Etymology 2Edit

    For pronunciation and definitions of 井 – see 阱 (“pitfall, trap”).
    (This character, 井, is the second-round simplified form of 阱.)
    Notes:

    JapaneseEdit

     
    A well (井, 丼)

    KanjiEdit

    井

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. well

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    井
    い
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    wi > i.

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    井 (hiragana い, rōmaji i, historical hiragana ゐ)

    1. well (water source)
    Derived termsEdit

    Proper nounEdit

    井 (hiragana い, rōmaji I)

    1. A surname​.

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    井
    せい
    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 井 (tsjengX).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    井 (hiragana せい, rōmaji sei)

    1. well, well curb
    2. Well (Chinese constellation)

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    井 (eum 정 (jeong))

    1. well

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    井: Hán Nôm readings: tỉnh

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