燃

燃 U+71C3, 燃 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71C3 ← 燂 [U+71C2] CJK Unified Ideographs 燄 → [U+71C4]

Translingual

Han character

燃 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 火月大火 (FBKF), four-corner 9383₃, composition ⿰火然)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 682, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19394
• Dae Jaweon: page 1094, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2235, character 11
• Unihan data for U+71C3

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (肰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
嘫	*rneːn
然	*njen
肰	*njen
繎	*njon, *njen
燃	*njen
蹨	*njenʔ, *neːnʔ
橪	*njenʔ, *ʔneːn
撚	*neːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njen) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 然 (OC *njen) – burn with fire. Originally 然 (OC *njen), but because it was phonetically borrowed for abstract senses, 火 (huǒ) was added for differentiation.

Etymology

Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Jingpho nan (“to light”), shanan (“torch”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

trad.		燃
simp. #		燃
2nd round simp.		𤆂
alternative forms		然 㸐／𬊾

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): rán (ran²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄢˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ran²

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jin⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngen³

• Gan (Wiktionary): len⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): yèn / yàn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): yan²

• Jin (Wiktionary): ran¹ / ran²
• Northern Min (KCR): ǐng
• Eastern Min (BUC): iòng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): liân / jiân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): riang⁵ / riêng⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zoe
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): yenn²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rán
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rán
    • Wade–Giles: jan²
    • Yale: rán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ran
    • Palladius: жань (žanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐän³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ran²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: rhan
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /zan²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jin⁴
    • Yale: yìhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jin⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yin⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: ngen³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡen²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: len⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɛn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn
    • Hakka Romanization System: ienˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yan²
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯en¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)ianˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yan²
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: yan²
    • Sinological IPA: /ian¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: ran¹ / ran²
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʐæ̃¹¹/, /ʐæ̃⁵³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǐng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: iòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yoŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liân
    • Tâi-lô: liân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lieen
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /liɛn²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiân
    • Tâi-lô: jiân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jieen
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziɛn²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziɛn¹³/

Note: literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: riang⁵ / riêng⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jiâng / jiêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/, /d͡zieŋ⁵⁵/

Note: literary (riêng5 - Chaozhou).

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zoe
    • MiniDict: zoe^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zoe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zø²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: yenn²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y̯ẽ¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: nyen

Rime
Character	燃
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	如延切
Baxter	nyen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵian/
Li Rong	/ȵiɛn/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭɛn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.na[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*njen/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	燃
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rán
Middle Chinese	‹ nyen ›
Old Chinese	/*C.na[n]/
English	burn
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	燃
Reading #	1/1
No.	10759
Phonetic component	肰
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	然
Old Chinese	/*njen/
Notes	俗然字，轉註

Definitions

燃

1. to burn; to be alight
2. to ignite; to light
3. to spark off (hopes); to start (debate); to raise (hopes)
4. (neologism, slang) lit; awesome; cool; uplifting
5. (neologism, slang) pumped up; hyper; stoked

Synonyms

• (to burn): 焚燒／焚烧 (fénshāo)
• (to ignite):

• 放
• 炳 (bǐng) (literary)
• 發火／发火 (fāhuǒ)
• 點燃／点燃 (diǎnrán)
• 點著／点着 (diǎnzháo)

 

Compounds

• 內燃機／内燃机 (nèiránjī)
• 助燃
• 可燃性 (kěránxìng)
• 可燃物 (kěránwù)
• 外燃機／外燃机
• 完全燃燒／完全燃烧
• 引燃 (yǐnrán)
• 斷臂燃身／断臂燃身
• 核子燃料
• 核燃料 (héránliào)
• 死灰復燃／死灰复燃 (sǐhuīfùrán)
• 沈燃
• 洞燃
• 淨化燃煤／净化燃煤
• 煮豆燃萁 (zhǔdòuránqí)
• 燃指
• 燃放 (ránfàng)
• 燃料 (ránliào)
• 燃料油 (ránliàoyóu)
• 燃料礦物／燃料矿物
• 燃氣輪機／燃气轮机
• 燃火
• 燃灰
• 燃灼
• 燃燒／燃烧 (ránshāo)
• 燔燃
• 燃燈佛／燃灯佛
• 燃燒彈／燃烧弹 (ránshāodàn)
• 燃犀
• 燃犀溫嶠／燃犀温峤
• 燃眉
• 燃眉之急 (ránméizhījí)
• 燃石
• 燃糠
• 燃糠照薪
• 燃糠自照
• 燃肉身燈／燃肉身灯
• 燃膏繼晷／燃膏继晷 (rángāojìguǐ)
• 燃臍／燃脐
• 燃萁之敏
• 燃萁煮豆
• 燃萁煎豆
• 燃藜
• 燃頂／燃顶
• 燃點／燃点 (rándiǎn)
• 燃鼎
• 燼燃／烬燃
• 犀燃
• 犀燃燭照／犀燃烛照
• 臍燃／脐燃
• 自燃 (zìrán)
• 豆萁燃豆
• 點燃／点燃 (diǎnrán)

 

Pronunciation 2

trad.		燃
simp. #		燃
alternative forms		焚 Hokkien 炾 Hokkien; Teochew 煆 Teochew; Hainanese

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hiâⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hian⁵

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiâⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: hiânn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hviaa
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hiã²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hiã²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiã¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hiã²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiã²³/

Note: hiâⁿ - vernacular.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hian⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiâⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hĩã⁵⁵/

Note: vernacular.

---

• Middle Chinese: nyen

Rime
Character	燃
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	如延切
Baxter	nyen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵian/
Li Rong	/ȵiɛn/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭɛn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.na[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*njen/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	燃
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rán
Middle Chinese	‹ nyen ›
Old Chinese	/*C.na[n]/
English	burn
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	燃
Reading #	1/1
No.	10759
Phonetic component	肰
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	然
Old Chinese	/*njen/
Notes	俗然字，轉註

Definitions

燃

1. (Hokkien, Teochew, Hainanese) to burn (wood, coal, etc.)
2. (Hokkien, Teochew) to heat up; to boil (a liquid)

   燃水 [Hokkien]  ―  hiâⁿ-chúi [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to heat up water; to boil water

Japanese

Kanji

燃

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. Burn, blaze, glow

Readings

• Go-on: ねん (nen, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ぜん (zen)
• Kun: もえる (moeru, 燃える, Jōyō)^{←もゆ (moyu, 燃ゆ, historical)}; もす (mosu, 燃す, Jōyō); もやす (moyasu, 燃やす, Jōyō)

Korean

Hanja

燃 (eumhun 탈 연 (tal yeon))

1. hanja form^? of 연 (“burn, light fire, ignite”)

Vietnamese

Han character

燃: Hán Nôm readings: nhiên, nhen

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.