燭

See also: 烛

燭 U+71ED, 燭 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71ED ← 燬 [U+71EC] CJK Unified Ideographs 燮 → [U+71EE]

Translingual

Han character

燭 (radical 86, 火+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 火田中戈 (FWLI), four-corner 9682₇, composition ⿰火蜀)

References

• KangXi: page 685, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19480
• Dae Jaweon: page 1098, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2241, character 2
• Unihan data for U+71ED

---

Chinese

trad.		燭
simp.		烛

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (蜀) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
襡	*toːʔ, *toːɡs, *doːʔ, *doːɡ, *djoɡ
噣	*toːɡs, *tuɡs, *rtoːɡ, *tjoɡ
斣	*toːɡs
歜	*sdoːmʔ, *tʰjoɡ
斀	*rtoːɡ
孎	*rtoːɡ, *toɡ
濁	*rdoːɡ
鐲	*rdoːɡ, *zroːɡ, *djoɡ
鸀	*rdoːɡ, *tjoɡ
擉	*sʰroːɡ
獨	*doːɡ
髑	*doːɡ
韣	*doːɡ, *tjoɡ, *djoɡ
斸	*toɡ
钃	*toɡ
欘	*toɡ
躅	*doɡ
蠋	*doɡ, *tjoɡ
燭	*tjoɡ
囑	*tjoɡ
矚	*tjoɡ
屬	*tjoɡ, *djoɡ
属	*tjoɡ, *djoɡ
蠾	*tjoɡ, *djoɡ
觸	*tʰjoɡ
臅	*tʰjoɡ
觕	*sʰlaː, *zlaːʔ, *tʰjoɡ
蜀	*djoɡ

Etymology

Compare Tibetan དུགས་པ (dugs pa, “to make warm, to warm, to light”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhú (zhu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zuk¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chuk
• Min Dong (BUC): ciók
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): chiak / chek / chiok

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zêg⁴

• Wu (Wiktionary): tsoq (T4)

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: zhú
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˊ
    • Wade–Giles: chu²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwu
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zuk¹
    • Yale: jūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: zug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chuk
    • Hakka Romanization System: zug`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡suk̚²/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ciók
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suɔʔ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiak
    • Tâi-lô: tsiak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chek
    • Tâi-lô: tsik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zeg
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɪk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiok
    • Tâi-lô: tsiok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciog
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiɔk̚⁵/

Note:

• chiak/chek - vernacular;
• chiok - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: zêg⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsek
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sek̚²/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: tsoq (T4)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊʔ⁵⁵/

---

• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 燭
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂu²⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡su⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂu²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂu²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡sou²¹/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂv̩⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/p͡fu³¹/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡səu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡su³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡su²¹/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂu³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂuʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂuəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡suəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡suʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡suəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡soʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡soʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡soʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕo²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡suʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕiu⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʈ͡ʂəu²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/ʈ͡ʂəɯ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡suʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡suk̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/tʃuk̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sok̚⁵/
	Nanning	/t͡suk̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡suk̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/t͡siɔk̚³²/ /t͡sik̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/t͡suɔʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/t͡sy²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/t͡sek̚²/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/t͡sok̚⁵/ /t͡siak̚⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕɨok̚/▼

Rime
Character	燭
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	燭 (8)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	之欲切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cuawk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiok̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭwok̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯wok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhu

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tok/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjoɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	燭
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhú
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyowk ›
Old Chinese	/*tok/
English	torch
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	燭
Reading #	1/1
No.	11828
Phonetic component	蜀
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	燭
Old Chinese	/*tjoɡ/

Definitions

燭

1. candle; taper
2. to shine; to illuminate
3. (Taiwanese Hokkien) candlepower (unit)

Compounds

• 燭光／烛光 (zhúguāng)

• 燭火／烛火

• 蠟燭／蜡烛 (làzhú)

---

Japanese

Kanji

燭

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: そく (soku)
• Kan-on: しょく (shoku)
• Kun: ともしび (tomoshibi, 燭)

Compounds

• 蝋燭 (ろうそく) (rōsoku): candle

---

Korean

Hanja

燭 • (chok) (hangeul 촉)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

---

Vietnamese

Han character

燭 (đuốc, chúc)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.