燭
See also: 烛
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Translingual
editHan character
edit燭 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 火田中戈 (FWLI), four-corner 96827, composition ⿰火蜀)
References
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 685, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19480
- Dae Jaweon: page 1098, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2241, character 2
- Unihan data for U+71ED
Chinese
edit| trad. | 燭 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 烛* | |
Glyph origin
edit| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 襡 | *toːʔ, *toːɡs, *doːʔ, *doːɡ, *djoɡ |
| 噣 | *toːɡs, *tuɡs, *rtoːɡ, *tjoɡ |
| 斣 | *toːɡs |
| 歜 | *sdoːmʔ, *tʰjoɡ |
| 斀 | *rtoːɡ |
| 孎 | *rtoːɡ, *toɡ |
| 濁 | *rdoːɡ |
| 鐲 | *rdoːɡ, *zroːɡ, *djoɡ |
| 鸀 | *rdoːɡ, *tjoɡ |
| 擉 | *sʰroːɡ |
| 獨 | *doːɡ |
| 髑 | *doːɡ |
| 韣 | *doːɡ, *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
| 斸 | *toɡ |
| 钃 | *toɡ |
| 欘 | *toɡ |
| 躅 | *doɡ |
| 蠋 | *doɡ, *tjoɡ |
| 燭 | *tjoɡ |
| 囑 | *tjoɡ |
| 矚 | *tjoɡ |
| 屬 | *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
| 属 | *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
| 蠾 | *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
| 觸 | *tʰjoɡ |
| 臅 | *tʰjoɡ |
| 觕 | *sʰlaː, *zlaːʔ, *tʰjoɡ |
| 蜀 | *djoɡ |
Etymology
editCompare Tibetan དུགས་པ (dugs pa, “to make warm, to warm, to light”) and Burmese တောက် (tauk, “to shine, to illuminate, to make fire”) (Hill, 2019).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zuk1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chuk
- Eastern Min (BUC): ciók
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7tsoq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhú
- Wade–Giles: chu2
- Yale: jú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwu
- Palladius: чжу (čžu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zuk1
- Yale: jūk
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk7
- Guangdong Romanization: zug1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʊk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chuk
- Hakka Romanization System: zug`
- Hagfa Pinyim: zug5
- Sinological IPA: /t͡suk̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ciók
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡suɔʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiak
- Tâi-lô: tsiak
- Phofsit Daibuun: ciag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chek
- Tâi-lô: tsik
- Phofsit Daibuun: zeg
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Note:
- chiak/chek - vernacular;
- chiok - literary.
- Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | 燭 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂu²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡su⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂu²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂu²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡sou²¹/ | |
| Xining | /ʈ͡ʂv̩⁵³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂu¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /p͡fu³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡səu²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡su³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡su²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂu³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂuʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂuəʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡suəʔ²/ |
| Pingyao | /t͡suʌʔ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡suəʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡soʔ⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /t͡soʔ⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /t͡soʔ⁵/ | |
| Wenzhou | /t͡ɕo²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡suʔ²¹/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡ɕiu⁵/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʈ͡ʂəu²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /ʈ͡ʂəɯ²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡suʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡suk̚¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /tʃuk̚²²/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sok̚⁵/ |
| Nanning | /t͡suk̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /t͡suk̚⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡siɔk̚³²/ /t͡sik̚³²/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡suɔʔ²³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sy²⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sek̚²/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /t͡sok̚⁵/ /t͡siak̚⁵/ |
- Middle Chinese: tsyowk
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tok/
- (Zhengzhang): /*tjoɡ/
Definitions
edit燭
- candle; taper
- to shine; to illuminate
- 明哲煌煌，旁燭無疆，遜於不虞，以保天命，譔《問明》。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE
- Míngzhé huáng huáng, páng zhú wújiāng, xùn yú bùyú, yǐ bǎo tiānmìng, quán “wèn míng”. [Pinyin]
- When wisdom is splendid and bright, shining everywhere without limit, one may avoid unforeseen dangers and protect his Heaven-decreed destiny. Thus, I have written "Asking about Seeing Clearly."
明哲煌煌，旁烛无疆，逊于不虞，以保天命，撰《问明》。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (Taiwanese Hokkien) candlepower (unit)
Synonyms
editCompounds
editDescendants
edit- → Bouyei: xugt (“candle”)
References
edit- “燭”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
edit| 烛 | |
| 燭 |
Kanji
edit燭
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Readings
editCompounds
editEtymology 1
edit| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 燭 |
| しょく Jinmeiyō |
| kan'on |
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- a light (source of illumination)
- a candlepower
- Synonym: 燭光
Counter
edit- a candlepower
- Synonym: 燭光
Etymology 2
edit| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 燭 |
| ともしび Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 燭 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 燭, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Korean
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰo̞k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [촉]
Hanja
edit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit燭: Hán Nôm readings: chúc, đuốc
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- ja:Light sources
- ja:Units of measure
- ja:Light
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