端

Translingual

Han character

端 (Kangxi radical 117, 立+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿山一月 (YTUMB), four-corner 0212₇, composition ⿰立耑)

Derived characters

𭋬, 𭢺, 𧞖, 𦾸, 𤻨, 𥵣

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 872, character 32
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25806
Dae Jaweon: page 1303, character 20
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2714, character 1
Unihan data for U+7AEF

Chinese

simp. and trad.		端
alternative forms		耑

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 端
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (耑) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
揣	toːlʔ, sʰrolʔ
褍	toːlʔ, toːn
惴	*tjols
圌	djol, djon
篅	djol, djon
瑞	*djols
端	*toːn
剬	toːn, tjonʔ
偳	toːn, tʰoːn
鍴	*toːn
耑	*toːn
踹	toːns, djonʔ
湍	tʰoːn, tjon
煓	*tʰoːn
貒	tʰoːn, tʰoːns
諯	stʰons, tjon, tʰjons, djon
顓	*tjon
喘	*tʰjonʔ
遄	*djon
輲	*djon
椯	*djon
歂	djon, djonʔ
腨	*djonʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːn) : semantic 立 + phonetic 耑 (OC *toːn).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): duān (duan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄢ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): duan¹
Cantonese (Jyutping): dyun¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tôn
Eastern Min (BUC): duăng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): toaⁿ / toan

(Teochew, Peng'im): duêng¹ / duang¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹toe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: duān
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: duan
  - Wade–Giles: tuan¹
  - Yale: dwān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duan
  - Palladius: дуань (duanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu̯än⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: duan¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: duan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuan⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: dyun¹
  - Yale: dyūn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dyn¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: dün¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tyːn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tôn
  - Hakka Romanization System: don´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: don¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ton²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: duăng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuaŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: toaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tuann
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dvoaf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tuã³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tuã⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: toan
  - Tâi-lô: tuan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: doafn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tuan⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tuan³³/

Note:

toaⁿ - vernacular;
toan - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: duêng¹ / duang¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tueng / tuang
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /tueŋ³³/, /tuaŋ³³/

Note:

duêng1 - Chaozhou;
duang1 - Shantou.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹toe
  - MiniDict: toe^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹toe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tø⁵³/

Middle Chinese: twan

Rime
Character	端
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	多官切
Baxter	twan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/tʷɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/tuɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/twan/
Li Rong	/tuɑn/
Wang Li	/tuɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/tuɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	duān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dyun¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤor/

(Zhengzhang): /*toːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	端
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	duān
Middle Chinese	‹ twan ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁor/
English	tip (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	端
Reading #	1/1
No.	2500
Phonetic component	耑
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	端
Old Chinese	/*toːn/

Definitions

端

to hold something level with hand
end; tip
beginning; start
開端／开端 ― kāiduān ― beginning
upright; erect
端正 ― duānzhèng ― upright; proper
(of a person) decent; upright; proper
to wipe out; to destroy altogether
警方端掉販毒窩點。 [MSC, trad.]
警方端掉贩毒窝点。 [MSC, simp.]
Jǐngfāng duān diào fàndú wōdiǎn. [Pinyin]
The police destroyed the lair of drug lords.
(figurative, colloquial, derogatory, usually followed by 著／着) to put on airs; to act pretentiously
(～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 端 (MC twan)
a surname: Duan

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (端):

→ Japanese: 端(たん) (tan)
→ Korean: 단(端) (dan)
→ Vietnamese: đoan (端)

Japanese

Kanji

端

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
Kan-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
Kun: はし (hashi, 端, Jōyō); は (ha, 端, Jōyō); はた (hata, 端, Jōyō); はな (hana, 端)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
端
はし Grade: S
kun'yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) はし [hàshí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [ha̠ɕi]

Noun

端(はし) • (hashi)

an edge; the beginning or end of something

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

端 (eumhun 끝 단 (kkeut dan))

Hanja form^? of 단 (“end”).
Hanja form^? of 단 (“(geography) cape”).
Hanja form^? of 단 (“clue”).

Compounds

극단 (極端, geukdan, “extreme, polarity”)
말단 (末端, maldan, “end”)
단서 (端緖, danseo, “clue”)
발단 (發端, baldan, “beginning, origin”)

Vietnamese

Han character

端: Hán Nôm readings: đoan

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK5-3] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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