約束

See also: 约束

Chinese

		appointment; agreement; to arrange appointment; agreement; to arrange; to restrict; approximately; weigh	bunch; (a measure word); to bind bunch; (a measure word); to bind; to control
trad. (約束)		約	束
simp. (约束)		约	束

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yuēshù

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄝㄕㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): joek³ cuk¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yok-suk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): iok-sok / iak-sok

(Teochew, Peng'im): ioh⁴ sog⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yuēshù
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄝㄕㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yueshù
  - Wade–Giles: yüeh¹-shu⁴
  - Yale: ywē-shù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iueshuh
  - Palladius: юэшу (juešu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    約數／约数
    約束／约束
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: joek³ cuk¹
  - Yale: yeuk chūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: joek⁸ tsuk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: yêg³ cug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jœːk̚³ t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yok-suk
  - Hakka Romanization System: iog^ˋ sug^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yog⁵ sug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯ok̚² suk̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yok-suk
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iog^ˋ sug^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yog⁵ sug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯ok̚² suk̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iok-sok
  - Tâi-lô: iok-sok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ioksog
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /iɔk̚³²⁻⁴ sɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iak-sok
  - Tâi-lô: iak-sok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iaksog
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iak̚³²⁻⁵ sɔk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ioh⁴ sog⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ioh sok
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ioʔ²⁻⁴ sok̚²/

Verb

約束

to restrict; to restrain
(literary) to agree upon; to appoint; to settle on
(archaic) to bind with a rope

Synonyms

(to restrict):

edit

主宰 (zhǔzǎi)
主張／主张 (zhǔzhāng) (archaic)
克制 (kèzhì)
克治 (kèzhì) (literary)
制禦／制御 (zhìyù) (literary)
制約／制约 (zhìyuē)
君 (jūn) (literary)
執掌／执掌 (zhízhǎng)
壓制／压制 (yāzhì)
壓抑／压抑 (yāyì)
局 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
局限 (júxiàn)
左右 (zuǒyòu)
把
抑制 (yìzhì)
把持 (bǎchí)
把控 (bǎkòng)
把攬／把揽 (bǎlǎn)
抵制 (dǐzhì)
拘束 (jūshù)
按 (àn)
按捺 (ànnà) (usually in the negative)
控 (literary, or in compounds)
控制 (kòngzhì)
掌控 (zhǎngkòng)
掌握 (zhǎngwò)
提控 (tíkòng) (literary)
撥弄／拨弄 (bōnòng)
撙節／撙节 (zǔnjié)
操控 (cāokòng)
操縱／操纵 (cāozòng)
擺佈／摆布 (bǎibù)
擺治／摆治 (bǎizhì) (regional)
支配 (zhīpèi)
收斂／收敛 (shōuliǎn)
束 (literary, or in compounds)
束縛／束缚 (shùfù)
柄 (literary, or in compounds)
框 (kuàng)
禁錮／禁锢 (jìngù) (figurative)
積壓／积压 (jīyā) (figurative)
節制／节制 (jiézhì)
節撙／节撙 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
管制 (guǎnzhì)
管束 (guǎnshù)
統御／统御 (tǒngyù) (literary)
統治／统治 (tǒngzhì)
羈束／羁束 (jīshù) (literary)
裁 (cái) (literary, or in compounds)
遏抑 (èyì) (literary)
鎮／镇 (zhèn)
限 (xiàn)
限乏 (Xiamen Hokkien)
限制 (xiànzhì)
駕／驾 (jià)
駕馭／驾驭 (jiàyù) (figurative)

Derived terms

約束力／约束力 (yuēshùlì)
約束服／约束服 (yuēshùfú)

Noun

約束

(mathematics) constraint
(databases) constraint

References

“Entry #53096”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
約	束
やく Grade: 4	そく Grade: 4
goon

Alternative forms

(honorific) お約束(やくそく) (o-yakusoku)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) やくそく [yàkúsókú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ja̠kɯ̟̊so̞kɯ̟]

Noun

約(やく)束(そく) • (yakusoku)

a promise
- 1987 February 20 [1985 August 15], Motoka Murakami, “母(か)っちゃの剣(けん)道(どう)精(せい)神(しん)の巻(まき) [Ma’s Kendō Spirit]”, in 六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)の剣(けん) [Musashi’s Sword], 5th edition, volume 21 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 59:
  
  ………八(や)重(え)樫(がし)先(せん)生(せい)！まんず男(おとこ)と男(おとこ)の約(やく)束(そく)だあ！母(か)っちゃを大(たい)切(せつ)にしてけれ！
  ……… Yaegashi Sensei! manzu otoko to otoko no yakusoku dā! katcha o taisetsu ni shite kere!
  ……… Yaegashi Sensei! Promise me, man-to-man! Promise me you’ll take good care of my ma!
  六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)！
  Musashi!
  Musashi!
  ん！約(やく)束(そく)するよ六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)！
  N! Yakusoku suru yo Musashi!
  I will! I promise, Musashi!
an appointment or social engagement (the meeting itself)
a convention; something that is conventional
something that is preordained
trope (something recurring across a genre or type of art or literature)
- 2021 June 17, insane, “映画・海外ドラマでおなじみ、「Trope」の意味とは？”, in 海外ドラマの中の英語‎^[1] (blog):
  
  お約束(やくそく)を知(し)ってるでしょ？物語(ものがた)るときの定番(ていばん)よ
  O-yakusoku o shitteru desho? Monogataru toki no teiban yo
  You know the trope? In story-telling it’s a norm.
お約束(やくそく)の展開(てんかい)
o-yakusoku no tenkai
the same tired plot progression

Verb

約(やく)束(そく)する • (yakusoku suru) suru (stem 約(やく)束(そく)し (yakusoku shi), past 約(やく)束(そく)した (yakusoku shita))

to promise; to make a promise
みんなで約束(やくそく)しよう！
Minna de yakusoku shiyō!
Let's all promise together!
- 1987 February 20 [1985 August 15], Motoka Murakami, “母(か)っちゃの剣(けん)道(どう)精(せい)神(しん)の巻(まき) [Ma’s Kendō Spirit]”, in 六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)の剣(けん) [Musashi’s Sword], 5th edition, volume 21 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 59:
  
  ………八(や)重(え)樫(がし)先(せん)生(せい)！まんず男(おとこ)と男(おとこ)の約(やく)束(そく)だあ！母(か)っちゃを大(たい)切(せつ)にしてけれ！
  ……… Yaegashi Sensei! manzu otoko to otoko no yakusoku dā! katcha o taisetsu ni shite kere!
  ……… Yaegashi Sensei! Promise me, man-to-man! Promise me you’ll take good care of my ma!
  六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)！
  Musashi!
  Musashi!
  ん！約(やく)束(そく)するよ六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)！
  N! Yakusoku suru yo Musashi!
  I will! I promise, Musashi!
- 2005 July 7, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “第(だい)65話(わ)　夜(よ)明(あ)けの墓(はか)場(ば) [Chapter 65: The Graveyard at Dawn]”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン) [Armed Alchemy], volume 8 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 34:
  
  オレはこいつと決(けっ)着(ちゃく)をつけると約(やく)束(そく)した‼約(やく)束(そく)したんだ‼
  Ore wa koitsu to ketchaku o tsukeru to yakusoku shita‼ Yakusoku shitan da‼
  I promised to settle with him‼ I made a promise‼
make an appointment or engagement
be predestined, wait

Conjugation

Conjugation of "約束する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	約束し	やくそくし	yakusoku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	約束し	やくそくし	yakusoku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	約束する	やくそくする	yakusoku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	約束する	やくそくする	yakusoku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	約束すれ	やくそくすれ	yakusoku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	約束せよ¹ 約束しろ²	やくそくせよ¹ やくそくしろ²	yakusoku seyo¹ yakusoku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	約束される	やくそくされる	yakusoku sareru
Causative	約束させる約束さす	やくそくさせるやくそくさす	yakusoku saseru yakusoku sasu
Potential	約束できる	やくそくできる	yakusoku dekiru
Volitional	約束しよう	やくそくしよう	yakusoku shiyō
Negative	約束しない	やくそくしない	yakusoku shinai
Negative continuative	約束せず	やくそくせず	yakusoku sezu
Formal	約束します	やくそくします	yakusoku shimasu
Perfective	約束した	やくそくした	yakusoku shita
Conjunctive	約束して	やくそくして	yakusoku shite
Hypothetical conditional	約束すれば	やくそくすれば	yakusoku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
約	束

Noun

約束 • (yaksok) (hangeul 약속)

hanja form^? of 약속 (“promise”)

[SMK2-1] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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