職業

See also: 职业

ChineseEdit

		office; duty	business; occupation; study
trad. (職業)		職	業
simp. (职业)		职	业

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhíyè

(Zhuyin): ㄓˊ ㄧㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zik¹ jip⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳt-ngia̍p
Min Dong (BUC): cék-ngiĕk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chit-gia̍p

(Teochew, Peng'im): zêh⁴ ghiag⁴
Wu (Wiktionary): ⁴tseq-nyiq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhíyè
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˊ ㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhíhyè
  - Wade–Giles: chih²-yeh⁴
  - Yale: jŕ-yè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyryeh
  - Palladius: чжие (čžije)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ jɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zik¹ jip⁶
  - Yale: jīk yihp
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzik⁷ jip⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: jig¹ yib⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪk̚⁵ jiːp̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳt-ngia̍p
  - Hakka Romanization System: ziid` ngiab
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zid⁵ ngiab⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨt̚² ɲi̯ap̚⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cék-ngiĕk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siʔ²⁴⁻²¹ ŋieʔ⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit-gia̍p
  - Tâi-lô: tsit-gia̍p
  - Phofsit Daibuun: citgiap
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕit̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕit̚⁵⁻²⁴ ɡiap̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕit̚³²⁻⁵ ɡiap̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕit̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕit̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zêh⁴ ghiag⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseh giak
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seʔ²⁻⁴ ɡiak̚²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ⁴tseq-nyiq
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡səʔ³³ n̠ʲi̯ɪʔ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕɨk̚ ŋɨɐp̚/

Rime
Character	職	業
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	蒸 (134)	嚴 (147)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	之翼切	魚怯切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨk̚/	/ŋɨɐp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕɨk̚/	/ŋiɐp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiek̚/	/ŋiɐp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cik̚/	/ŋɨap̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiək̚/	/ŋiap̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭək̚/	/ŋĭɐp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ək̚/	/ŋi̯ɐp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhi	yè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zik¹	jip⁶

NounEdit

職業

occupation; profession; career; vocation (Classifier: 個／个 m; 種／种 m)
職業前景／职业前景 ― zhíyè qiánjǐng ― career prospects

職業健康安全／职业健康安全 ― zhíyè jiànkāng ānquán ― occupational health and safety

這四種職業很危險，膽子小的人，根本幹不了。 [MSC, trad.]
这四种职业很危险，胆子小的人，根本干不了。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhè sì zhǒng zhíyè hěn wēixiǎn, dǎnzǐ xiǎo de rén, gēnběn gàn bù liǎo. [Pinyin]
These four occupations are very dangerous and not for the faint-hearted.

Usage notesEdit

It is not customary in Chinese to distinguish between a profession and a professional title or role, as is the case in English. Consider the following example:

他的職業是醫生。／他的职业是医生。 ― Tā de zhíyè shì yīshēng. ― He is a doctor by profession. (lit. "His profession is doctor.")

It is also common to count being a student as an occupation.

他的職業是學生。／他的职业是学生。 ― Tā de zhíyè shì xuéshēng. ― He is a student. (lit. "His occupation is student.")

SynonymsEdit

edit

事由 (shìyóu) (colloquial)
事業／事业 (shìyè)

本業／本业 (běnyè)
行業／行业 (hángyè)

Dialectal synonyms of 職業 (“job; occupation; profession”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		職, 業
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		職業, 工作
Mandarin	Taiwan	工作
Mandarin	Singapore	工, 工作
Cantonese	Guangzhou	工
	Hong Kong	工
	Singapore (Guangfu)	工
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	頭路
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	頭路
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	頭路
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	頭路
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	頭路
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	頭路
Min Nan	Xiamen	頭路, 工課, 穡路
	Quanzhou	頭路, 工課, 穡路
	Jinjiang	頭路
	Zhangzhou	頭路, 工課, 穡路
	Taipei	頭路
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	頭路, 職業
	Kaohsiung	工課, 頭路, 穡頭, 職業
	Yilan	工課, 頭路, 職業
	Changhua (Lukang)	工課, 頭路, 職業
	Taichung	頭路, 工課, 穡頭
	Tainan	工課, 頭路, 穡頭, 職業
	Hsinchu	頭路, 工課
	Kinmen	頭路, 工課
	Penghu (Magong)	工課
	Penang (Hokkien)	工課, 工
	Singapore (Hokkien)	工, 頭路, 工課
	Manila (Hokkien)	頭路
	Jieyang	工課
	Singapore (Teochew)	工, 工課
	Singapore (Hainanese)	工
Wu	Shanghai	工作, 生活, 生意, 行當, 飯碗 figuratively, 飯碗頭 figuratively
	Shanghai (Chongming)	生活, 營生
	Suzhou	行當
	Danyang	生活
	Ningbo	生活, 行當
	Wenzhou	行當
	Jinhua	行當, 事幹, 生活
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)