膜

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

膜 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+10, 14 (Mainland China, Japan), 15 (Hong Kong) strokes, cangjie input 月廿日大 (BTAK), four-corner 7423₄, composition ⿰月莫)

Related characters

募墓幕慕

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 993, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29808
Dae Jaweon: page 1444, character 28
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2100, character 13
Unihan data for U+819C

Chinese

trad.		膜
simp. ^#		膜
alternative forms		𦟦

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 膜
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (莫) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蟆	*mraː
鬕	*mraːɡs
饃	*maːl
模	*maː
摸	maː, maːɡ
嫫	*maː
謨	*maː
膜	maː, maːɡ
摹	*maː
暮	*maːɡs
慕	*maːɡs
募	*maːɡs
墓	*maːɡs
慔	*maːɡs
莫	*maːɡ
寞	*maːɡ
漠	*maːɡ
幕	*maːɡ
鏌	*maːɡ
瘼	*maːɡ
鄚	*maːɡ
瞙	*maːɡ
嗼	maːɡ, mraːɡ
塻	*maːɡ
貘	*mraːɡ
驀	*mraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *maː, *maːɡ): semantic ⺼ + phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mó, mò

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ, ㄇㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mok⁶ / mok^6-2
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): mo̍k

(Meixian, Guangdong): mog⁵
Eastern Min (BUC): mŏ̤h
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bo̍k / mo̍͘h / bo̍h / mo͘h

(Teochew, Peng'im): moh⁸
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸moq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mó
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mó
  - Wade–Giles: mo²
  - Yale: mwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
  - Palladius: мо (mo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mò
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mò
  - Wade–Giles: mo⁴
  - Yale: mwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
  - Palladius: мо (mo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: mok⁶ / mok^6-2
  - Yale: mohk / mók
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mok⁹ / mok^9-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: mog⁶ / mog^6-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔːk̚²/, /mɔːk̚²⁻³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mo̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: mog
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mog⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /mok̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: mog⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /mɔk̚¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: mŏ̤h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /moʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍k
  - Tâi-lô: bo̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bok
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mo̍͘h
  - Tâi-lô: mo̍oh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: moh
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /mɔ̃ʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃ʔ¹²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /mɔ̃ʔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍h
  - Tâi-lô: bo̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boih
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /boʔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mo͘h
  - Tâi-lô: mooh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: moq
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /mɔ̃ʔ³²/

Note:

bo̍k - literary;
mo̍͘h/bo̍h/mo͘h - vernacular (“membrane; film”).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: moh⁸
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mo̍h
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /moʔ⁴/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸moq
  - MiniDict: moh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵moq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /moʔ¹²/

Middle Chinese: mak

Rime
Character	膜
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	慕各切
Baxter	mak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/mɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/mɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mak̚/
Li Rong	/mɑk̚/
Wang Li	/mɑk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mok⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*maːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	膜
Reading #	2/2
No.	9253
Phonetic component	莫
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	莫
Old Chinese	/*maːɡ/

Definitions

膜

Wikipedia has articles on:

膜 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
Membrane (English)

membrane; film
細胞膜／细胞膜 ― xìbāomó ― cell membrane

保鮮膜／保鲜膜 ― bǎoxiānmó ― plastic wrap

鍍鋁膜／镀铝膜 ― dùlǚmó ― aluminum-coated polyester film
(physics) brane
(obsolete) small gap
(dialectal, obsolete) to placate
alternative form of 漠 (mò)

Compounds

保鮮膜 / 保鲜膜 (bǎoxiānmó)
側膜胎座 / 侧膜胎座
內膜 / 内膜 (nèimó)
包膜
口腔黏膜
基底膜 (jīdǐmó)
外膜
孢膜
心內膜 / 心内膜 (xīnnèimó)
心內膜炎 / 心内膜炎 (xīnnèimóyán)
心外膜 (xīnwàimó)
心瓣膜 (xīnbànmó)
核膜 (hémó)
橫膈膜 / 横膈膜 (hénggémó)
液泡膜
漿膜 / 浆膜 (jiāngmó)
瓣膜 (bànmó)
皮膜組織 / 皮膜组织
皮裡膜外 / 皮里膜外
眼角膜 (yǎnjiǎomó)
硬腦膜 / 硬脑膜 (yìngnǎomó)
視網膜 / 视网膜 (shìwǎngmó)
笛膜 (dímó)
筋膜炎 (jīnmóyán)
細胞膜 / 细胞膜 (xìbāomó)
結膜 / 结膜 (jiémó)
結膜炎 / 结膜炎 (jiémóyán)
網膜 / 网膜 (wǎngmó)
網膜剝離 / 网膜剥离
羊膜 (yángmó)
羊膜穿刺 (yángmó chuāncì)
羊膜類 / 羊膜类
耳膜 (ěrmó)
肌膜 (jīmó)
肋膜
肋膜炎
肺膜
胎膜 (tāimó)
脈絡膜 / 脉络膜 (màiluòmó)
胸膜 (xiōngmó)
胸膜炎 (xiōngmóyán)
腸繫膜 / 肠系膜 (chángxìmó)
腹膜 (fùmó)
腦膜 / 脑膜 (nǎomó)
腦膜炎 / 脑膜炎 (nǎomóyán)
腹膜炎 (fùmóyán)
膈膜 (gémó)
膜外
膜外概置
膜孔 (mókǒng)
膜翅類 / 膜翅类
膜鳴樂器 / 膜鸣乐器
薄膜
處女膜 / 处女膜
虹彩膜
虹膜 (hóngmó)
蠟膜 / 蜡膜
角膜 (jiǎomó)
角膜炎 (jiǎomóyán)
豬心瓣膜 / 猪心瓣膜
透性膜
隔膜 (gémó)
鞏膜 / 巩膜 (gǒngmó)
頰黏膜 / 颊黏膜
骨膜 (gǔmó)
骨膜炎
髓膜炎
黏膜 (niánmó)
鼓膜 (gǔmó)
鼓膜炎
鼻黏膜

Etymology 2

Clipping of 南膜 (MC nom mu), which is from Sanskrit नमस् (namas, “bow; obeisance; salutation”). Compare 南無.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mó (mo²)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mó
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mó
  - Wade–Giles: mo²
  - Yale: mwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
  - Palladius: мо (mo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: mou⁴
  - Yale: mòuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹/

Middle Chinese: mu

Rime
Character	膜
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫胡切
Baxter	mu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muo/
Pan Wuyun	/muo/
Shao Rongfen	/mo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mɔ/
Li Rong	/mo/
Wang Li	/mu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/muo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mou⁴