膜

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

膜 (radical 130, 肉+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 月廿日大 (BTAK), four-corner 7423₄, composition ⿰月莫)

Related charactersEdit

募墓幕慕

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 993, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29808
Dae Jaweon: page 1444, character 28
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2100, character 13
Unihan data for U+819C

ChineseEdit

trad.		膜
simp. ^#		膜
alternative forms		𦟦

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 膜
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (莫) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蟆	*mraː
鬕	*mraːɡs
饃	*maːl
模	*maː
摸	maː, maːɡ
嫫	*maː
謨	*maː
膜	maː, maːɡ
摹	*maː
暮	*maːɡs
慕	*maːɡs
募	*maːɡs
墓	*maːɡs
慔	*maːɡs
莫	*maːɡ
寞	*maːɡ
漠	*maːɡ
幕	*maːɡ
鏌	*maːɡ
瘼	*maːɡ
鄚	*maːɡ
瞙	*maːɡ
嗼	maːɡ, mraːɡ
塻	*maːɡ
貘	*mraːɡ
驀	*mraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *maː, *maːɡ): semantic ⺼ + phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ).

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mó, mò

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ, ㄇㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mok⁶, mok^6-2
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): bo̍k / mo̍͘h / bo̍h / mo͘h

(Teochew, Peng'im): moh⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Pinyin: mó
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
  - Wade–Giles: mo²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mwɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Pinyin: mò
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
  - Wade–Giles: mo⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mò
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mwɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: mok⁶, mok^6-2
  - Yale: mohk, mók
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mok⁹, mok^9-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: mog⁶, mog²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔːk̚²/, /mɔːk̚²⁻³⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍k
  - Tâi-lô: bo̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bok
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mo̍͘h
  - Tâi-lô: mo̍oh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: moh
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /mɔ̃ʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃ʔ¹²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /mɔ̃ʔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍h
  - Tâi-lô: bo̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boih
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /boʔ¹²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /boʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /boʔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mo͘h
  - Tâi-lô: mooh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: moq
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /mɔ̃ʔ³²/

Note:

bo̍k - literary;
mo̍͘h/bo̍h/mo͘h - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: moh⁸
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mo̍h
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /moʔ⁴/

Middle Chinese: /mɑk̚/

Rime
Character	膜
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	慕各切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/mɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/mɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mak̚/
Li Rong	/mɑk̚/
Wang Li	/mɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/mɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mò

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*maːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	膜
Reading #	2/2
No.	9253
Phonetic component	莫
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	莫
Old Chinese	/*maːɡ/

DefinitionsEdit

膜

Wikipedia has articles on:

膜 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
Membrane (English)

membrane; film
細胞膜 / 细胞膜 ― xìbāomó ― cell membrane

保鮮膜 / 保鲜膜 ― bǎoxiānmó ― plastic wrap

鍍鋁膜 / 镀铝膜 ― dùlǚmó ― aluminum-coated polyester film
(physics) brane
small gap
to placate
Alternative form of 漠 (mò).

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 膜

保鮮膜／保鲜膜 (bǎoxiānmó)
側膜胎座／侧膜胎座
內膜／内膜 (nèimó)
包膜
口腔黏膜
基底膜 (jīdǐmó)
外膜
孢膜
心內膜／心内膜 (xīnnèimó)
心內膜炎／心内膜炎 (xīnnèimóyán)
心外膜 (xīnwàimó)
心瓣膜 (xīnbànmó)
核膜 (hémó)
橫膈膜／横膈膜 (hénggémó)
液泡膜
漿膜／浆膜 (jiāngmó)
瓣膜 (bànmó)
皮膜組織／皮膜组织
皮裡膜外／皮里膜外
眼角膜 (yǎnjiǎomó)
硬腦膜／硬脑膜 (yìngnǎomó)
笛膜
筋膜炎 (jīnmóyán)
細胞膜／细胞膜 (xìbāomó)

結膜／结膜 (jiémó)
結膜炎／结膜炎 (jiémóyán)
網膜／网膜 (wǎngmó)
網膜剝離／网膜剥离
羊膜 (yángmó)
羊膜穿刺 (yángmó chuāncì)
羊膜類／羊膜类
耳膜 (ěrmó)
肋膜
肋膜炎
肌膜 (jīmó)
肺膜
胎膜 (tāimó)
胸膜 (xiōngmó)
胸膜炎 (xiōngmóyán)
脈絡膜／脉络膜 (màiluòmó)
腦膜／脑膜 (nǎomó)
腦膜炎／脑膜炎 (nǎomóyán)
腸繫膜／肠系膜 (chángxìmó)
腹膜 (fùmó)
腹膜炎 (fùmóyán)
膈膜 (gémó)
膜外
膜外概置

膜孔
膜翅類／膜翅类
膜鳴樂器／膜鸣乐器
薄膜 (bómó)
處女膜／处女膜 (chǔnǚmó)
虹彩膜
虹膜 (hóngmó)
蠟膜／蜡膜
視網膜／视网膜 (shìwǎngmó)
角膜 (jiǎomó)
角膜炎 (jiǎomóyán)
豬心瓣膜／猪心瓣膜
透性膜
隔膜 (gémó)
鞏膜／巩膜 (gǒngmó)
頰黏膜／颊黏膜
骨膜 (gǔmó)
骨膜炎
髓膜炎
黏膜 (niánmó)
鼓膜 (gǔmó)
鼓膜炎
鼻黏膜

Etymology 2Edit

Clipping of 南膜 (MC nʌm muo), which is from Sanskrit नमस् (namas, “bow; obeisance; salutation”). Compare 南無.

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mó (mo²)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: mó
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
  - Wade–Giles: mo²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mwɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: mou⁴
  - Yale: mòuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹/

Middle Chinese: /muo/

Rime
Character	膜
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫胡切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muo/
Pan Wuyun	/muo/
Shao Rongfen	/mo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mɔ/
Li Rong	/mo/
Wang Li	/mu/
Bernard Karlgren	/muo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mú