Wiktionary

貝

See also: 贝, 目, 見, 具, 頁, and 員
貝 U+8C9D, 貝
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8C9D
← 貜
[U+8C9C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 貞 →
[U+8C9E]
⾙ U+2F99, ⾙
KANGXI RADICAL SHELL
← ⾘
[U+2F98] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾚ →
[U+2F9A]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 154 貝

貝 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 月山金 (BUC), four-corner 60800, composition ⿱目八)

  1. Kangxi radical #154, ⾙.

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 1204, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36656
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1665, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3622, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8C9D

ChineseEdit

trad. 貝
simp. 贝

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 貝
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         
Characters in the same phonetic series (貝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
貝 *paːds
狽 *paːds
鋇 *paːds
浿 *pʰaːds, *pʰreːds
垻 *praːs
敗 *praːds, *braːds
唄 *braːds

Pictogram (象形) – cowry.

EtymologyEdit

Cowries were used as money in ancient China (shell money). Guo (1945) proposes that cowries used by the ancient Chinese dynasties in Central China must have come from the southeastern shores of China and areas further south, as the species of sea snail used as decoration and currency—Monetaria moneta (money cowry)—is not native to the eastern seashores of China. He further proposes that in addition to the cowry itself, the word for cowry, 貝, is also an ancient loanword from languages of the south (which call it “bia”).

Compare Malay bia (“cowry”), Thai เบี้ย (bîia, “cowry shell; money”), Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɓa(a)j (“bean, small weight or coin”) > Khasi sbâi, 'bâi (“money, cowry, shell”), Khmer ពៃ (pɨy, “obsolete small coin”).

Alternatively, Starostin, Matisoff (2003) and Schuessler (2007) relate 貝 to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bwap (“snail”), via 貝 (OC *paːds) < *pāps. If so it would be cognate with Jingpho pawp, lapawp (“snail”).

PronunciationEdit

Rime
Character 貝
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 泰 (25)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 愽蓋切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pɑiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pɑiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pɑiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pajH/
Li
Rong 		/pɑiH/
Wang
Li 		/pɑiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/pɑiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bèi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bui3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 貝
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bèi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pajH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pˁa[t]-s/
English cowry shell

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 貝
Reading # 1/1
No. 415
Phonetic
component 		貝
Rime
group 		祭
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		貝
Old
Chinese 		/*paːds/

DefinitionsEdit

貝

  1. shellfish; cowrie
  2. † money; currency
  3. a surname
    貝聿銘／贝聿铭  ―  Bèi Yùmíng  ―  Ieoh Ming Pei (Chinese-American architect)

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 貝

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

貝

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
貝
かい
Grade: 1
kun’yomi
 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
 
貝(かい) (kai): display of various shellfish specimens

/*kapi1/ → /kaɸi/ → /kawi/ → /kai/

From Old Japanese.[1] Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[2]

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

貝(かい) • (kai) ←かひ (kafi)?

  1. [from 759] an aquatic shellfish (generally limited to mollusks with calcareous shells such as clams or snails, and excluding crustaceans such as shrimp or crabs)
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
貝
ばい
Grade: 1
kan’yōon
Alternative spellings
蛽
海蠃 (rare)
海螄 (rare)
 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
 
バイ (bai): Babylonia japonica or Japanese ivory shell for sale at a fishmarket in Japan.

Probably ultimately from Middle Chinese 貝 (MC pɑiH). Compare modern Min Nan pronunciation buê6, Cantonese bui3, Mandarin bèi.

First attested in 1284.[6]

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

貝(ばい) • (bai) ←ばい (bai)?

  1. [from 1284] Babylonia japonica: the Japanese babylon or Japanese ivory shell
Usage notesEdit
  • As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. ^ c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 15, poem 3709), text here
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  5. ^ 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  6. ^ “貝・蛽・海蠃”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

貝 (eumhun 조개 패 (jogae pae))

  1. Hanja form? of 패 (“clam, shellfish”).

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

貝: Hán Nôm readings: bối, buổi, bói, búi, với, mấy, mới, vuối, thói

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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