貝
TranslingualEdit
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han characterEdit
貝 (radical 154 貝+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 月山金 (BUC), four-corner 60800, composition ⿱目八)
- Kangxi radical #154, ⾙ (“shell”).
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1204, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36656
- Dae Jaweon: page 1665, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3622, character 1
- Unihan data for U+8C9D
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 貝 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 贝 | |
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 貝
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|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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EtymologyEdit
Cowries were used as money in ancient China (Shell money). Guo (1945) proposes that cowries used by the ancient Chinese dynasties in Central China must have come from the southeastern shores of China and areas further south, as the species of sea snail used as decoration and currency—Monetaria moneta (money cowry)—is not native to the eastern seashores of China. He further proposes that in addition to the cowry itself, the word for cowry, 貝, is also an ancient loanword from languages of the south (which call it “bia”).
Compare Malay bia (“cowry”), Thai เบี้ย (bîia, “cowry shell; money”), Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɓa(a)j (“bean, small weight or coin”) > Khasi sbâi, 'bâi (“money, cowry, shell”), Khmer ពៃ (pey, “obsolete small coin”).
Alternatively, Starostin, Matisoff (2003) and Schuessler (2007) relate 貝 to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bwap (“snail”), via 貝 (OC *paːds) < *pāps. If so it would be cognate with Jingpho pawp, lapawp (“snail”).
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): bui3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pi
- Min Nan (POJ): pòe
- Wu (Wiktionary): pe (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˋ
- Wade-Giles: pei4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bey
- IPA (key): /peɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: bui3
- Yale: bui
- Cantonese Pinyin: bui3
- IPA (key): /puːi̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pi
- Hakka Romanization System: bi
- Hagfa Pinyim: bi4
- IPA: /pi⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pòe
- Tâi-lô: puè
- Phofsit Daibuun: poex
- IPA (Taipei): /pue¹¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pue²¹/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: pe (T2)
- IPA (key): /pᴇ³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 貝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 泰 (25) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 愽蓋切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/pɑiH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/pɑiH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/pɑiH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/pajH/ |
| Li Rong |
/pɑiH/ |
| Wang Li |
/pɑiH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/pɑiH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
bèi |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 貝 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 415 |
| Phonetic component |
貝 |
| Rime group |
祭 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
貝 |
| Old Chinese |
/*paːds/ |
DefinitionsEdit
貝
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 貝
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
貝
ReadingsEdit
- Goon: はい (hai) (non-Jōyō reading)
- Kan’on: はい (hai) (non-Jōyō reading)
- Kan’yōon: ばい (bai) (non-Jōyō reading)
- Kun: かい (kai)
CompoundsEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
- ^ 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
- Sound (hangeul): 패 (revised: pae, McCune-Reischauer: p'ae, Yale: phay)
- Name (hangeul): 조개 (revised: jogae)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
貝 (bối, buổi, bói, búi, với, mấy, mới, vuối, thói)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.