貝

See also: 贝, 目, 見, and 頁

貝 U+8C9D, 貝 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8C9D ← 貜 [U+8C9C] CJK Unified Ideographs 貞 → [U+8C9E]

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Han characterEdit

貝 (radical 154 貝+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 月山金 (BUC), four-corner 6080₀, composition ⿱目八)

1. Kangxi radical #154, ⾙.

Derived termsEdit

• Index:Chinese radical/貝

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 1204, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36656
• Dae Jaweon: page 1665, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3622, character 1
• Unihan data for U+8C9D

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ChineseEdit

trad.		貝
simp.		贝

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 貝
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (貝) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
貝	*paːds
狽	*paːds
鋇	*paːds
浿	*pʰaːds, *pʰreːds
垻	*praːs
敗	*praːds, *braːds
唄	*braːds

Pictogram (象形) – cowry.

EtymologyEdit

Cowries were used as money in ancient China (Shell money). Guo (1945) proposes that cowries used by the ancient Chinese dynasties in Central China must have come from the southeastern shores of China and areas further south, as the species of sea snail used as decoration and currency—Monetaria moneta (money cowry)—is not native to the eastern seashores of China. He further proposes that in addition to the cowry itself, the word for cowry, 貝, is also an ancient loanword from languages of the south (which call it “bia”).

Compare Malay bia (“cowry”), Thai เบี้ย (bîia, “cowry shell; money”), Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɓa(a)j (“bean, small weight or coin”) > Khasi sbâi, 'bâi (“money, cowry, shell”), Khmer ពៃ (pɨy, “obsolete small coin”).

Alternatively, Starostin, Matisoff (2003) and Schuessler (2007) relate 貝 to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bwap (“snail”), via 貝 (OC *paːds) < *pāps. If so it would be cognate with Jingpho pawp, lapawp (“snail”).

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bèi (bei⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bui³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pi
• Min Nan (POJ): pòe
• Wu (Wiktionary): pe (T2)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: bèi
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˋ
    • Wade-Giles: pei⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bey
    • IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: bui³
    • Yale: bui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bui³
    • Guangdong Romanization: bui³
    • IPA ^(key): /puːi̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pi
    • Hakka Romanization System: bi
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bi⁴
    • IPA: /pi⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pòe
    • Tâi-lô: puè
    • Phofsit Daibuun: poex
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pue²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pue⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pue²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pue¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pue²¹/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: pe (T2)
    • IPA ^(key): /pe̞³⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /pɑi^H/▼

Rime
Character	貝
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	愽蓋切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɑiH/
Pan Wuyun	/pɑiH/
Shao Rongfen	/pɑiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pajH/
Li Rong	/pɑiH/
Wang Li	/pɑiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/pɑiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bèi

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*paːds/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	貝
Reading #	1/1
No.	415
Phonetic component	貝
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	貝
Old Chinese	/*paːds/

DefinitionsEdit

貝

1. shellfish; cowrie
2. ^† money; currency
3. A surname​.

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 貝

• 仙貝／仙贝
• 分貝／分贝 (fēnbèi)
• 吉貝／吉贝 (jíbèi)
• 含貝／含贝
• 多羅貝勒／多罗贝勒 (duōluó bèilè)
• 大貝湖／大贝湖
• 寶貝／宝贝 (bǎobèi)
• 川貝／川贝
• 巴貝克／巴贝克
• 巴貝基／巴贝基
• 巴貝多／巴贝多 (Bābèiduō)
• 干貝／干贝
• 幽特貝／幽特贝
• 心肝寶貝／心肝宝贝 (xīngān bǎobèi)
• 扇貝／扇贝 (shànbèi)
• 拷貝／拷贝 (kǎobèi)
• 拷貝筆／拷贝笔
• 拷貝紙／拷贝纸
• 斯坦貝克／斯坦贝克
• 櫻貝／樱贝
• 河貝子／河贝子
• 泉貝／泉贝
• 活寶貝／活宝贝
• 珍珠貝／珍珠贝
• 珠宮貝闕／珠宫贝阙
• 綬貝／绶贝
• 編貝／编贝
• 萋斐貝錦／萋斐贝锦
• 螺貝／螺贝 (luóbèi)
• 西貝流士／西贝流士
• 角貝／角贝
• 諾貝爾／诺贝尔 (Nuòbèi'ěr)

• 諾貝爾獎／诺贝尔奖 (Nuòbèi'ěr-jiǎng)
• 護貝／护贝
• 象牙貝／象牙贝
• 貝他係數／贝他系数
• 貝他射線／贝他射线
• 貝他蛻變／贝他蜕变
• 貝克勒／贝克勒
• 貝冑／贝冑
• 貝加爾湖／贝加尔湖 (Bèijiā'ěr Hú)
• 貝勒／贝勒 (bèilè)
• 貝南／贝南 (Bèinán)
• 貝塚／贝塚 (Bèizhǒng)
• 貝多／贝多 (bèiduō)
• 貝多樹／贝多树
• 貝多芬／贝多芬 (Bèiduōfēn)
• 貝奧武夫／贝奥武夫 (Bèi'àowǔfū)
• 貝婁／贝娄
• 貝子／贝子 (bèizi)
• 貝幣／贝币
• 貝拉圖／贝拉图
• 貝朗瑞／贝朗瑞
• 貝柱／贝柱
• 貝殼／贝壳 (bèiké)
• 貝殼杉／贝壳杉
• 貝母／贝母 (bèimǔ)
• 貝毒／贝毒
• 貝比魯斯／贝比鲁斯
• 貝爾／贝尔 (Bèi'ěr)
• 貝爾尼尼／贝尔尼尼
• 貝爾格／贝尔格
• 貝爾格勒／贝尔格勒 (Bèi'ěrgélè)
• 貝爾湖／贝尔湖 (Bèi'ěr Hú)

• 貝爾茲列／贝尔兹列
• 貝特／贝特
• 貝理克／贝理克
• 貝當／贝当
• 貝登堡／贝登堡
• 貝積如山／贝积如山
• 貝紋／贝纹
• 貝納／贝纳
• 貝義淵／贝义渊
• 貝葉／贝叶 (bèiyè)
• 貝葉書／贝叶书 (bèiyèshū)
• 貝葉樹／贝叶树 (bèiyèshù)
• 貝赤／贝赤
• 貝那芬托／贝那芬托
• 貝里拉／贝里拉
• 貝里斯／贝里斯 (Bèilǐsī)
• 貝錦／贝锦
• 貝錦萋菲／贝锦萋菲
• 貝開特／贝开特
• 貝闕珠宮／贝阙珠宫
• 貝類／贝类 (bèilèi)
• 貝類養殖／贝类养殖
• 貝魯特／贝鲁特 (Bèilǔtè)
• 貽貝／贻贝 (yíbèi)
• 鏡貝／镜贝
• 齒如含貝／齿如含贝
• 齒如齊貝／齿如齐贝
• 齒若編貝／齿若编贝
• 龐貝／庞贝
• 龐貝壁畫／庞贝壁画
• 龜貝／龟贝

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

貝

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: はい (hai)
• Kan’on: はい (hai)
• Kan’yōon: ばい (bai)
• Kun: かい (kai, 貝, Jōyō)^{←かひ (kafi, historical)}

EtymologyEdit

Kanji in this term
貝
かい Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/*kapi₁/ → /kaɸi/ → /kawi/ → /kai/

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

PronunciationEdit

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) か​い [káꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])
  • IPA^(key): [ka̠i]

NounEdit

貝 (hiragana かい, rōmaji kai, historical hiragana かひ)

1. a shellfish

Derived termsEdit

Derived terms

• 一 (いち)枚 (まい)貝 (がい) (ichimaigai, “univalve”)
• 貝 (かい)合 (あ)わせ (kaiawase, “tribadism”)
• 二 (に)枚 (まい)貝 (がい) (nimaigai, “bivalve”)
• 帆 (ほ)立 (たて)貝 (がい) (hotategai, “scallop”)

ReferencesEdit

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

貝 • (pae)

• Eumhun:
  • Sound (hangeul): 패 (revised: pae, McCune-Reischauer: p'ae, Yale: phay)
  • Name (hangeul): 조개 (revised: jogae)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

貝 (bối, buổi, bói, búi, với, mấy, mới, vuối, thói)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.