赫然

Chinese

		distinguished; awe-inspiring	so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right
trad. (赫然)		赫	然
simp. #(赫然)		赫	然

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hèrán

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˋ ㄖㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haak¹ jin⁴, hak¹ jin⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hek-jiân

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hèrán
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˋ ㄖㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hèrán
    • Wade–Giles: ho⁴-jan²
    • Yale: hè-rán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hehran
    • Palladius: хэжань (xɛžanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤ⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: haak¹ jin⁴, hak¹ jin⁴
    • Yale: hāak yìhn, hāk yìhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haak⁷ jin⁴, hak⁷ jin⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: hag¹ yin⁴, heg¹ yin⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːk̚⁵ jiːn²¹/, /hɐk̚⁵ jiːn²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hek-jiân
    • Tâi-lô: hik-jiân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hekjieen
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ d͡ziɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪk̚⁵⁻²⁴ d͡ziɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ d͡ziɛn¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ d͡ziɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ziɛn²³/

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• Middle Chinese: xaek nyen

Rime
Character	赫	然
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	庚 (113)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	呼格切	如延切
Baxter	xaek	nyen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hˠæk̚/	/ȵiᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/hᵚak̚/	/ȵiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/xak̚/	/ȵʑjæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/haɨjk̚/	/ȵian/
Li Rong	/xɐk̚/	/ȵiɛn/
Wang Li	/xɐk̚/	/ȵʑĭɛn/
Bernard Karlgren	/xɐk̚/	/ȵʑi̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	he	rán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hak1	jin4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰˤrak  [n]a[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰraːɡ  njen/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	赫	然
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hè	rán
Middle Chinese	‹ xaek ›	‹ nyen ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰˁrak/	/*[n]a[n]/
English	red, fiery	so, thus; (adv suffix)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	赫	然
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	1474	10756
Phonetic component	赤	肰
Rime group	鐸	元
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	赫	然
Old Chinese	/*qʰraːɡ/	/*njen/

Adjective

赫然

1. (literary) unexpected and shocking
2. (literary) terribly angry

Adverb

赫然

1. (literary, of fire) brightly; ablaze; with gleaming light

   • 火光赫然屬天，有頃不見。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     火光赫然属天，有顷不见。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5^th century CE

     Huǒguāng hèrán zhǔ tiān, yǒuqǐng bùxiàn. [Pinyin]

     A fire lit brightly, as if reaching heaven, and shortly disappeared.

2. (literary) shockingly; to one's horror; horribly

   • 趙盾就而視之，則赫然死人也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     赵盾就而视之，则赫然死人也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Gongyang, c. 206 BCE– 9 CE

     Zhào Dùn jiù ér shì zhī, zé hèrán sǐrén yě. [Pinyin]

     Zhao Dun came close and took a look, and to his horror, it was a dead body.

3. (literary) with great vehemence; furiously

   • 陳王赫然奮爪牙為天下首事。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     陈王赫然奋爪牙为天下首事。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: p. 73 BCE, Huan Kuan (桓寬) (editor). Discourses on Salt and Iron (《鹽鐵論》).

     Chénwáng hèrán fèn zhǎoyá wéi tiānxià shǒushì. [Pinyin]

     King Chen, with great vehemence, unleashed his armed men and arose to the world's greatest emergency.

Derived terms

• 赫然有聲／赫然有声