baron
English edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English baroun, from Old French baron, from Latin barōnem, from Proto-West Germanic *barō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear”). Cognate with Old High German baro (“human being, man, freeman”), Old English bora (“a man who bears responsibility, one who is in charge, a ruler”), and perhaps to Old English beorn (“man, warrior”). Used in early Germanic law in the sense of "man, human being".
A Celtic origin has also been suggested; see the quote under sense 3 of Latin barō. However, the OED takes the hypothetical Proto-Celtic *bar- (“hero”) to be a figment.
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈbæɹən/
Audio (Southern England) (file) - (General American) enPR: bă'rən
- (Mary–marry–merry distinction) IPA(key): /ˈbæɹən/
- (Mary–marry–merry merger) IPA(key): /ˈbɛəɹən/
- Rhymes: -æɹən
- Homophone: barren
Noun edit
baron (plural barons, feminine baroness)
- The male ruler of a barony.
- A male member of the lowest rank of English nobility (the equivalent rank in Scotland is lord).
- (by extension) A person of great power in society, especially in business and politics.
- Synonyms: magnate, tycoon; see also Thesaurus:important person
- c. 1948, George Orwell, Such, Such Were the Joys:
- There were a few exotics among them — some South American boys, sons of Argentine beef barons, one or two Russians, and even a Siamese prince, or someone who was described as a prince.
- 2013 August 10, Lexington, “Keeping the mighty honest”, in The Economist[1], volume 408, number 8848:
- British journalists shun complete respectability, feeling a duty to be ready to savage the mighty, or rummage through their bins. Elsewhere in Europe, government contracts and subsidies ensure that press barons will only defy the mighty so far.
- (UK, prison slang) A prisoner who gains power and influence by lending or selling goods such as tobacco.
- 1960, Hugh J. Klare, Anatomy of Prison, page 33:
- The first thing a baron does is to accumulate a supply of tobacco. He spends every penny he can earn on laying it in […]
- 1961, Peter Baker, Time out of life, page 51:
- Nevertheless, from my own agonies of the first few months, after which I did not miss smoking at all, I could appreciate the need of others. It was in this atmosphere of craving that the 'barons' thrived. Barons are prisoners who lend tobacco.
- 1980, Leonard Michaels, Christopher Ricks, The State of the Language, page 525:
- In British prisons tobacco still remains the gold standard which is made to back every transaction and promise. The official allowance is barely sufficient for individual smoking needs, but tobacco may expensively be borrowed or bought from a baron, possibly through his runner.
- A baron of beef, a cut made up of a double sirloin.
- 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “chapter 34”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:
- Such portentous appetites had Queequeg and Tashtego, that to fill out the vacancies made by the previous repast, often the pale Dough-Boy was fain to bring on a great baron of salt-junk, seemingly quarried out of the solid ox.
- Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the genus Euthalia.
- (law, obsolete) A husband.
- Coordinate term: wife
- baron and feme ― husband and wife
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Translations edit
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References edit
- "baron n.", Oxford English Dictionary, Second edition, 1989; first published in New English Dictionary, 1885.
Anagrams edit
Azerbaijani edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Russian барон (baron).
Noun edit
baron (definite accusative baronu, plural baronlar)
Declension edit
Declension of baron | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | baron |
baronlar | ||||||
definite accusative | baronu |
baronları | ||||||
dative | barona |
baronlara | ||||||
locative | baronda |
baronlarda | ||||||
ablative | barondan |
baronlardan | ||||||
definite genitive | baronun |
baronların |
Danish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse barún, from Old French baron.
Noun edit
baron c (singular definite baronen, plural indefinite baroner)
- baron (a nobleman, in Denmark since 1849 without privileges)
Inflection edit
common gender |
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | baron | baronen | baroner | baronerne |
genitive | barons | baronens | baroners | baronernes |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
References edit
- “baron” in Den Danske Ordbog
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
Readjustment from earlier baroen through modern French influence, from Middle Dutch baroen, from Old French baron.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baron m (plural baronnen, diminutive baronnetje n, feminine barones)
- baron, a specific aristocratic title
- a magnate, especially a wealthy and influential (industrial) entrepreneur
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
Esperanto edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baron
- accusative singular of baro
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Middle French baron, from Old French baron, from Latin barōnem.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baron m (plural barons, feminine baronne)
Descendants edit
- Haitian Creole: baron
- → Arabic: بارون (bārōn)
- → Hungarian: báró
- → Polish: baron
- → Ottoman Turkish: بارون (baron)
- Turkish: baron
- → Persian: بارون (bâron)
- → Romanian: baron
- → Russian: баро́н (barón)
Further reading edit
- “baron”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams edit
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baron (first-person possessive baronku, second-person possessive baronmu, third-person possessive baronnya)
- baron: the male ruler of a barony; a title for European noblemen.
Further reading edit
- “baron” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Javanese edit
Romanization edit
baron
- Romanization of ꦧꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀
Middle English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Adjective edit
baron
- Alternative form of bareyne
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
baron
- Alternative form of baroun
Middle French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old French baron.
Noun edit
baron m (plural barons)
- baron (nobleman)
Descendants edit
- French: baron
Norman edit
Noun edit
baron m (plural barons)
- Alternative form of bâron
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse barún, from Old French baron.
Noun edit
baron m (definite singular baronen, indefinite plural baroner, definite plural baronene)
- a baron
Related terms edit
References edit
- “baron” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse barún, from Old French baron.
Noun edit
baron m (definite singular baronen, indefinite plural baronar, definite plural baronane)
- a baron
Related terms edit
References edit
- “baron” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *bazōną.
Verb edit
baron
Inflection edit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- “baron”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old French edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
The nominative singular ber is a regular outcome of the Latin nominative barō.
Noun edit
baron oblique singular, m (oblique plural barons, nominative singular ber, nominative plural baron)
Descendants edit
- Middle French: baron (see there for further descendants)
- Norman: bâron
- Picard: barôn
- Walloon: baron
- → Italian: barone
- → Middle Armenian: պարոն (paron)
- Armenian: պարոն (paron)
- → Middle Dutch: baroen
- Dutch: baron (readjusted per French)
- → Middle English: baroun, baron, barone, baroon, barown, barowne, barun, beron
- → Middle Irish: barún
- Irish: barún
- → Middle Low German: barōn
- → Middle High German: barūn, barōne
- German: Baron (see there for further descendants)
- →? Old Galician-Portuguese:
- → Old Norse: barún
- → Old Spanish: baron (partially)
- Spanish: barón
- → Sicilian: baruni
Old Galician-Portuguese edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
baron m (plural barões)
- man (adult male human)
- Synonym: home
- 13th c, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Fueros Municipales de Santiago y de su tierra, page 699:
- aquel pecado escumungado que fazen os barones unos con outros
- that excommunicated sin that men do with one another
- c. 1295, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F, page 814:
- ca esta (he) muy boa et nobre rreyna dona Berĩguela co[m] tamana aguça gardou sempre este fillo et llj meteu no curaçõ feyto de obras de piedade de ome barõ, mãçebo et nino, et todo linagẽ de omes -esto he barõ et moller-
- because this very noble and excellent queen, Lady Berenguela, with great care protected her son and put in his heart acts of piety of adult man, young man and boy, and of all the lineage of men - that is, man and woman -
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
Old Spanish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Latin barōnem. Sense 3 taken from the Old French cognate baron. Coromines considers the more general sense 2, which is attested earlier, to be indigenous.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baron m
- man
- c. 1200, La Fazienda de Ultramar, fol 6r
- Los de ysmael vendieron a ioseph a furtifar el egypcio de pharaon conestable. en essa ora, exio iuda asos ermanos e vna mugier, fija de un baron de Canaan
- The people of Ishmael sold Joseph to Potiphar the Egyptian Pharaoh's Constable. At that time, Juda departed to his brothers and a woman, the daughter of a man of Canaan.
- c. 1200, La Fazienda de Ultramar, fol 6r
- nobleman
- baron
Descendants edit
References edit
- Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1984), “barón”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volume I (A–Ca), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 514
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baron m pers (female equivalent baronessa, diminutive baronek)
- (historical) baron, lord (the male ruler of a barony)
Noun edit
baron m pers
- (figuratively) baron, lord (a person of great power in society, especially in business and politics)
- Synonym: potentat
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
baron m (plural baroni)
Declension edit
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
Derived from Old French baron.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
bàrōn m (Cyrillic spelling ба̀ро̄н)
- baron (title of nobility)
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Old French baron.
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Noun edit
baron c (feminine: baronessa)
Declension edit
Declension of baron | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | baron | baronen | baroner | baronerna |
Genitive | barons | baronens | baroners | baronernas |
Further reading edit
- baron in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
- baron in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
Anagrams edit
Tagalog edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
barón (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜇᜓᜈ᜔)
- baron (title of nobility)
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Ottoman Turkish بارون (baron), from French baron.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baron (definite accusative baronu, plural baronlar)
Declension edit
Inflection | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
References edit
- ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “baron”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Further reading edit
- “baron”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “baron”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 472
Uzbek edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Russian барон (baron).
Noun edit
baron (plural baronlar)
Declension edit
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | baron | baronlar |
genitive | baronning | baronlarning |
dative | baronga | baronlarga |
definite accusative | baronni | baronlarni |
locative | baronda | baronlarda |
ablative | barondan | baronlardan |