consul
EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
consul (plural consuls)
- (historical) Either of the two heads of government and state of the Roman Republic or the equivalent nominal post under the Roman and Byzantine Empires.
- (historical) Any of the three heads of government and state of France between 1799 and 1804.
- (obsolete) A count or earl.
- (obsolete) A councillor, particularly:
- (historical) A member of early modern city councils in southern France and Catalonia.
- (historical) An officer of the trading and merchant companies of early modern England.
- (historical) An official in various early modern port and trading towns, elected by resident foreign merchants to settle disputes among themselves and to represent them to the local authorities.
- (by extension) An official residing in major foreign towns to represent and protect the interests of the merchants and citizens of his or her country.
- (obsolete) A high government official, generally either a coruler himself or a counsellor directly under the ruler.
- c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], part 1, 2nd edition, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, OCLC 932920499; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:
- Both we will raigne as Conſuls of the earth,
And mightie kings ſhall be our Senators.
- c. 1603–1604, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene ii], page 312, column 1:
- And many of the Conſuls, rais'd and met,
Are at the Dukes already.
- 1609, The Holie Bible, […] (Douay–Rheims Bible), Doway: Lavrence Kellam, […], OCLC 1006139495, Iob 3:14, page 1065:
- With kinges and conſules of the earth, which build themſelves ſolitarie places:
SynonymsEdit
- (count): See count
- (councillor): See councillor
- (early modern councilmen of southern France and Catalonia): capitoul (Toulouse)
- (counsellor): See counsellor
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
Related termsEdit
Related terms
TranslationsEdit
official who protects the interests of citizens
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either of the two highest-ranking officials of the Roman republic
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
AnagramsEdit
DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Dutch consul, from Latin cōnsul.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
consul m (plural consuls)
- consul (official in foreign country)
- (historical) consul (of the Roman Republic)
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- → Papiamentu: kònsùl
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
consul m (plural consuls, feminine consule)
SynonymsEdit
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “consul”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
AnagramsEdit
LatinEdit
Bas-relief of Flavius Anastasius Paulus Probus Sabinianus Pompeius, consul ad 517, in his robes of office.
Alternative formsEdit
- (in oblique cases): cōnsul. (abbreviation)
EtymologyEdit
From earlier consol. Root noun to cōnsulō.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
cōnsul m (genitive cōnsulis); third declension
- consul: either of the two highest-ranking officials of the Roman republic, elected annually
- 63 B.C.E., Cicero, Catiline Orations (Latin text and English translations here)
- O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit?
- "Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. Lives? "
- O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit?
- 63 B.C.E., Cicero, Catiline Orations (Latin text and English translations here)
- a proconsul
- the highest magistrate in other states
- an epithet of the god Jupiter
- (Medieval Latin) a municipal official.
DeclensionEdit
Third-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | cōnsul | cōnsulēs |
| Genitive | cōnsulis | cōnsulum |
| Dative | cōnsulī | cōnsulibus |
| Accusative | cōnsulem | cōnsulēs |
| Ablative | cōnsule | cōnsulibus |
| Vocative | cōnsul | cōnsulēs |
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “consul”, in Charlton T[homas] Lewis; Charles [Lancaster] Short (1879) […] A New Latin Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.; Cincinnati, Ohio; Chicago, Ill.: American Book Company; Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- “consul”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- consul in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- consul in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to be chosen consul at the elections: comitiis consulem creari
- to elect a consul: consulem creare
- to declare a person consul-elect: aliquem consulem declarare (Leg. Agr. 2. 2. 4)
- to officially proclaim (by the praeco, herald) a man elected consul; to return a man consul: aliquem consulem renuntiare (De Or. 2. 64. 260)
- twice consul: bis consul
- consul for the second, third time: iterum, tertium consul
- consul for the sixth, seventh time: sextum (Pis. 9. 20), septimum consul
- (ambiguous) the augurs announce an unfavourable sign: augures obnuntiant (consuli) (Phil. 2. 33. 83)
- (ambiguous) let the consuls take measures for the protection of the state: videant or dent operam consules, ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat (Catil. 1. 2. 4)
- (ambiguous) to go to Cilicia as pro-consul: pro consule in Ciliciam proficisci
- to be chosen consul at the elections: comitiis consulem creari
- consul in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
- “consul”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
- “console” in: Alberto Nocentini, Alessandro Parenti, “l'Etimologico — Vocabolario della lingua italiana”, Le Monnier, 2010, →ISBN
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “consulo”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 131
NormanEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
consul m (plural consuls)
Related termsEdit
- consulat (“consulate”)
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
consul m (plural consuli)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of consul
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
| nominative/accusative | (un) consul | consulul | (niște) consuli | consulii |
| genitive/dative | (unui) consul | consulului | (unor) consuli | consulilor |
| vocative | consulule | consulilor | ||