consul

See also: cónsul and cônsul

English

Etymology

From Latin cōnsul.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈkɒn.səl/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑn.səl/
• Rhymes: -ɒnsəl

Noun

consul (plural consuls)

1. (historical) Either of the two heads of government and state of the Roman Republic or the equivalent nominal post under the Roman and Byzantine Empires.
2. (historical) Any of the three heads of government and state of France between 1799 and 1804.
3. (obsolete) A count or earl.
4. (obsolete) A councillor, particularly:
   1. (historical) A member of early modern city councils in southern France and Catalonia.
   2. (historical) An officer of the trading and merchant companies of early modern England.
   3. (historical) An official in various early modern port and trading towns, elected by resident foreign merchants to settle disputes among themselves and to represent them to the local authorities.
5. (by extension) An official residing in major foreign towns to represent and protect the interests of the merchants and citizens of his or her country.
6. (obsolete) A counsellor.
   • c. 1603–1604, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene ii], page 312, column 1:

     And many of the Conſuls, rais'd and met,
     Are at the Dukes already.

   • 1609, The Holie Bible, […] (Douay–Rheims Bible), Doway: Lavrence Kellam, […], OCLC 1006139495, Iob 3:14, page 1065:

     With kinges and conſules of the earth, which build themſelves ſolitarie places:

Synonyms

• (count): See count
• (councillor): See councillor
• (early modern councilmen of southern France and Catalonia): capitoul (Toulouse)
• (counsellor): See counsellor

Derived terms

Derived terms

• consulacy
• consulage
• consuless
• consul general, consul-general
• consuling
• consulship
• first consul
• honorary consul, honourary consul
• vice-consul

Related terms

Related terms →

• consular
• consularity
• consulary
• consulate

Translations

official who protects the interests of citizens

• Albanian: konsull (sq) m
• Arabic: قُنْصُل‎ m (qunṣul)
• Armenian: հյուպատոս (hy) (hyupatos)
• Azerbaijani: konsul
• Belarusian: ко́нсул m (kónsul), ко́нсулка f (kónsulka)
• Bengali: দূত (dut)
• Bulgarian: ко́нсул m (kónsul), ко́нсулка f (kónsulka)
• Burmese: ကောင်စစ်ဝန် (my) (kaungcac-wan)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 領事, 领事 (ling⁵ si^6-2)

  Dungan: линсы (linsɨ), кунсур (kunsur)

  Mandarin: 領事 (zh), 领事 (zh) (lǐngshì)

  Min Nan: 領事, 领事 (léng-sīr / léng-sū)

• Czech: konzul (cs) m
• Danish: konsul c
• Dutch: consul (nl) m
• Esperanto: konsulo (eo)
• Estonian: konsul
• Finnish: konsuli (fi)
• French: consul (fr) m, consule (fr) f
• Galician: cónsul m
• Georgian: კონსული (ḳonsuli)
• German: Konsul (de) m, Konsulin (de) f
• Hebrew: קוֹנְסוּל‎ (he) (konsul), קונסולית‎ f (konsulit)
• Hindi: कौंसल (hi) m (kaunsal), क़ोंसल m (qonsal), क़ौंसल (qaunsal)
• Hungarian: konzul (hu)
• Icelandic: konsúll (is) m, ræðismaður m
• Ido: konsulo (io)
• Indonesian: konsul (id)
• Irish: consal
• Italian: console (it) m
• Japanese: 領事 (ja) (りょうじ, ryōji)
• Kazakh: консул (konswl)
• Khmer: កុងស៊ុល (km) (kongsul)
• Korean: 영사 (ko) (yeongsa) (領事 (ko)), 령사 (ko) (ryeongsa) (North Korea)

• Kyrgyz: консул (qonsul)
• Lao: ກົງສຸນ (kong sun)
• Latvian: konsuls m
• Lithuanian: konsulas m
• Macedonian: конзул m (konzul), конзулка f (konzulka)
• Malay: konsul
• Mongolian: консул (mn) (konsul)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: konsul m

• Pashto: قونسل‎ m (qonsol), کونسل‎ m (kwәnsol)
• Persian: کنسول‎ (fa) (konsul), قنسول‎ (fa) (qonsul)
• Polish: konsul (pl) m
• Portuguese: cônsul (pt) m
• Romanian: consul (ro) m
• Russian: ко́нсул (ru) m (kónsul)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: конзул m

  Roman: konzul (sh) m

• Slovak: konzul m
• Slovene: konzul (sl) m
• Spanish: cónsul (es) m or f
• Swedish: konsul (sv) c
• Tajik: консул (konsul)
• Thai: กงสุล (th) (gong-sǔn)
• Turkish: konsolos (tr)
• Turkmen: konsul
• Ukrainian: ко́нсул m (kónsul), ко́нсулка f (kónsulka)
• Urdu: قونصل‎ m (qaunsal)
• Uyghur: كونسۇل‎ (konsul)
• Uzbek: konsul (uz)
• Vietnamese: lãnh sự (vi)
• Yiddish: קאָנסול‎ m (konsul)
• Zhuang: lingjsw

either of the two highest-ranking officials of the Roman republic

• Arabic: قُنْصُل‎ m (qunṣul)
• Greek:

  Ancient: ὕπατος m (húpatos)

• Italian: console (it) m
• Latin: cōnsul (la) m

• Polish: konsul (pl) m
• Portuguese: cônsul (pt) m
• Romanian: consul (ro) m
• Russian: ко́нсул (ru) m (kónsul)

See also

• ambassador

Anagrams

• UNCLOS, clonus, cluons

---

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch consul, from Latin cōnsul.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɔnzʏl/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: con‧sul

Noun

consul m (plural consuls)

1. consul (official in foreign country)
2. (historical) consul (of the Roman Republic)

Derived terms

• consulaat

Descendants

• → Papiamentu: kònsùl

---

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cōnsul.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔ̃.syl/

Noun

consul m (plural consuls, feminine consule)

1. consul, in its various senses.

Synonyms

• (early modern councilmen of southern France and Catalonia): échevin; capitoul (Toulouse)

Related terms

• consulaire
• consulat

Descendants

• → Thai: กงสุล (gong-sǔn)
• → Turkish: konsül

Further reading

• “consul” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• culons

---

Latin

Bas-relief of Flavius Anastasius Paulus Probus Sabinianus Pompeius, consul ad 517, in his robes of office.

Alternative forms

• (in oblique cases): cōnsul. (abbreviation)

Etymology

From earlier consol. Root noun to cōnsulō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈkon.sul/, [ˈkõːs̠ʊɫ̪]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈkon.sul/, [ˈkɔnsul]

Noun

cōnsul m (genitive cōnsulis); third declension

1. consul: either of the two highest-ranking officials of the Roman republic, elected annually
   • 63 B.C.E., Cicero, Catiline Orations (Latin text and English translations here)

     O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit?

     "Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. Lives? "

2. a proconsul
3. the highest magistrate in other states
4. an epithet of the god Jupiter
5. (Medieval Latin) a municipal official.

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	cōnsul	cōnsulēs
Genitive	cōnsulis	cōnsulum
Dative	cōnsulī	cōnsulibus
Accusative	cōnsulem	cōnsulēs
Ablative	cōnsule	cōnsulibus
Vocative	cōnsul	cōnsulēs

Derived terms

• cōnsulāris
• cōnsulāritās
• cōnsulāriter
• cōnsulārius
• cōnsulātus
• prōcōnsul
• prōcōnsulāris
• prōcōnsulātus

 

Related terms

• cōnsulō
• cōnsultātiō
• cōnsultātor
• cōnsultātum
• cōnsultē
• cōnsultō
• cōnsultum
• cōnsultus

 

Descendants

• → Czech: konšel
• English: consul
• French: consul
  • → Thai: กงสุล (gong-sǔn)
  • → Turkish: konsül
• German: Konsul
• Italian: console

• Portuguese: cônsul
• Russian: ко́нсул (kónsul)
• Sicilian: cùnzuli
• Spanish: cónsul
• Swedish: konsul

References

• consul in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• consul in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• consul in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• consul in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be chosen consul at the elections: comitiis consulem creari
    
  • to elect a consul: consulem creare
    
  • to declare a person consul-elect: aliquem consulem declarare (Leg. Agr. 2. 2. 4)
    
  • to offically proclaim (by the praeco, herald) a man elected consul; to return a man consul: aliquem consulem renuntiare (De Or. 2. 64. 260)
    
  • twice consul: bis consul
    
  • consul for the second, third time: iterum, tertium consul
    
  • consul for the sixth, seventh time: sextum (Pis. 9. 20), septimum consul
    
  • (ambiguous) the augurs announce an unfavourable sign: augures obnuntiant (consuli) (Phil. 2. 33. 83)
    
  • (ambiguous) let the consuls take measures for the protection of the state: videant or dent operam consules, ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat (Catil. 1. 2. 4)
    
  • (ambiguous) to go to Cilicia as pro-consul: pro consule in Ciliciam proficisci
    
• consul in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• consul in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• “console” in: Alberto Nocentini, Alessandro Parenti, “l'Etimologico — Vocabolario della lingua italiana”, Le Monnier, 2010, →ISBN
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “consulo”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 131

---

Norman

Etymology

From Latin cōnsul (“consul”).

Noun

consul m (plural consuls)

1. (Jersey) consul

Related terms

• consulat (“consulate”)

---

Romanian

Etymology

From French consul

Noun

consul m (plural consuli)

1. consul

Declension

Declension of consul

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) consul	consulul	(niște) consuli	consulii
genitive/dative	(unui) consul	consulului	(unor) consuli	consulilor
vocative	consulule		consulilor