consul

See also: cónsul and cônsul

Contents

English

Etymology

From Latin cōnsul.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈkɒn.səl/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑn.səl/

Noun

consul (plural consuls)

1. (historical) Either of the two heads of government and state of the Roman Republic or the equivalent nominal post under the Roman and Byzantine Empires.
2. (historical) Any of the three heads of government and state of France between 1799 and 1804.
3. (obsolete) A count or earl.
4. (obsolete) A councillor, particularly:
   1. (historical) A member of early modern city councils in southern France and Catalonia.
   2. (historical) An officer of the trading and merchant companies of early modern England.
   3. (historical) An official in various early modern port and trading towns, elected by resident foreign merchants to settle disputes among themselves and to represent them to the local authorities.
5. (by extension) An official residing in major foreign towns to represent and protect the interests of the merchants and citizens of his or her country.
6. (obsolete) A counsellor.
   • Shakespeare

     Many of the consuls, raised and met,
     Are at the duke's already.

   • Bible, Job. iii. 14 (Douay version)

     With kings and consuls of the earth.

Synonyms

• (count): See count
• (councillor): See councillor
• (early modern councilmen of southern France and Catalonia): capitoul (Toulouse)
• (counsellor): See counsellor

Derived terms

• consulacy
• consulage
• consuless
• consul general, consul-general
• consuling
• consulship
• first consul
• vice-consul

Related terms

• consular
• consularity
• consulary
• consulate

Translations

official who protects the interests of citizens

• Albanian: konsull (sq) m
• Arabic: قُنْصُل‎ m (qunṣul)
• Armenian: հյուպատոս (hy) (hyupatos)
• Azerbaijani: konsul
• Belarusian: ко́нсул m (kónsul)
• Bengali: দূত (dūt)
• Bulgarian: ко́нсул m (kónsul)
• Burmese: ကောင်စစ်ဝန် (my) (kaungcac-wan)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 領事 (zh), 领事 (zh) (lǐngshì)

• Czech: konzul m
• Danish: konsul c
• Dutch: consul (nl) m
• Esperanto: konsulo (eo)
• Estonian: konsul
• Finnish: konsuli (fi)
• French: consul (fr) m
• Galician: cónsul m
• Georgian: კონსული (ḳonsuli)
• German: Konsul (de) m
• Hebrew: קוֹנְסוּל‎ (he) (konsul), קונסולית‎ f (konsulit)
• Hindi: कौंसल (hi) m (kaunsal)
• Hungarian: konzul (hu)
• Icelandic: konsúll (is) m, ræðismaður m
• Ido: konsulo (io)
• Indonesian: konsul (id)
• Irish: consal
• Italian: console (it) m
• Japanese: 領事 (ja) (りょうじ, ryōji)
• Kazakh: консул (konswl)
• Khmer: កុងស៊ុល (km) (kongsul)

• Korean: 영사 (ko) (yeongsa) (領事 (ko)), 령사 (ko) (ryeongsa) (North Korea)
• Kyrgyz: консул (konsul)
• Lao: ກົງສຸນ (kong sun)
• Latvian: konsuls m
• Lithuanian: konsulas m
• Macedonian: конзул m (konzul)
• Malay: konsul
• Mongolian: консул (mn) (konsul)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: konsul m

• Persian: کنسول‎ (fa) (konsul), قنسول‎ (fa) (qonsul)
• Polish: konsul (pl) m
• Portuguese: cônsul (pt) m
• Romanian: consul (ro) m
• Russian: ко́нсул (ru) m (kónsul)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: конзул m

  Roman: konzul (sh) m

• Slovak: konzul m
• Slovene: konzul (sl) m
• Spanish: cónsul m or f
• Swedish: konsul (sv) c
• Tajik: консул (konsul)
• Thai: กงสุล (th) (gong-sǔn)
• Turkish: konsolos (tr)
• Turkmen: konsul
• Ukrainian: ко́нсул m (kónsul)
• Urdu: قونصل‎ m (qaunsal)
• Uzbek: konsul (uz)
• Vietnamese: lãnh sự (vi)
• Yiddish: קאָנסול‎ m (konsul)

either of the two highest-ranking officials of the Roman republic

• Greek:

  Ancient: ὕπατος m (húpatos)

• Italian: console (it) m
• Latin: cōnsul (la) m

• Portuguese: cônsul (pt) m
• Romanian: consul (ro) m
• Russian: ко́нсул (ru) m (kónsul)

See also

• ambassador

References

Anagrams

• UNCLOS, clonus, cluons

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Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch consul, from Latin cōnsul.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɔnzʏl/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: con‧sul

Noun

consul m (plural consuls)

1. consul (official in foreign country)
2. (historical) consul (of the Roman Republic)

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French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cōnsul.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔ̃.syl/

Noun

consul m (plural consuls, feminine consule)

1. consul, in its various senses.

Synonyms

• (early modern councilmen of southern France and Catalonia): échevin; capitoul (Toulouse)

Related terms

• consulaire
• consulat

Descendants

• → Turkish: konsül

Further reading

• “consul” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• culons

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Latin

Bas-relief of Flavius Anastasius Paulus Probus Sabinianus Pompeius, consul ad 517, in his robes of office.

Alternative forms

• (in oblique cases): cōnsul. (abbreviation)

Etymology

From Old Latin consol. Maybe related to the Latin verb cōnsulō but details are not clear.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈkon.sul/, [ˈkõː.sʊɫ]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈkon.sul/

Noun

cōnsul m (genitive cōnsulis); third declension

1. consul: either of the two highest-ranking officials of the Roman republic, elected annually
   • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations (Latin text and English translations here)

     O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit?

     "Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. Lives? "

2. a proconsul
3. the highest magistrate in other states
4. an epithet of the god Jupiter

Declension

Third declension.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	cōnsul	cōnsulēs
Genitive	cōnsulis	cōnsulum
Dative	cōnsulī	cōnsulibus
Accusative	cōnsulem	cōnsulēs
Ablative	cōnsule	cōnsulibus
Vocative	cōnsul	cōnsulēs

Derived terms

• cōnsulāris
• cōnsulāritās
• cōnsulāriter
• cōnsulārius
• cōnsulātus
• prōcōnsul
• prōcōnsulāris
• prōcōnsulātus

 

Related terms

• cōnsulō
• cōnsultātiō
• cōnsultātor
• cōnsultātum
• cōnsultē
• cōnsultō
• cōnsultum
• cōnsultus

 

Descendants

• English: consul
• French: consul
  • → Turkish: konsül
• German: Konsul
• Italian: console

• Portuguese: cônsul
• Russian: ко́нсул (kónsul)
• Spanish: cónsul
• Swedish: konsul

References

• consul in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• consul in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• consul in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• consul in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be chosen consul at the elections: comitiis consulem creari
    
  • to elect a consul: consulem creare
    
  • to declare a person consul-elect: aliquem consulem declarare (Leg. Agr. 2. 2. 4)
    
  • to offically proclaim (by the praeco, herald) a man elected consul; to return a man consul: aliquem consulem renuntiare (De Or. 2. 64. 260)
    
  • twice consul: bis consul
    
  • consul for the second, third time: iterum, tertium consul
    
  • consul for the sixth, seventh time: sextum (Pis. 9. 20), septimum consul
    
  • (ambiguous) the augurs announce an unfavourable sign: augures obnuntiant (consuli) (Phil. 2. 33. 83)
    
  • (ambiguous) let the consuls take measures for the protection of the state: videant or dent operam consules, ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat (Catil. 1. 2. 4)
    
  • (ambiguous) to go to Cilicia as pro-consul: pro consule in Ciliciam proficisci
    
• consul in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• consul in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

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Norman

Etymology

From Latin cōnsul (“consul”).

Noun

consul m (plural consuls)

1. (Jersey) consul

Related terms

• consulat (“consulate”)