consul
English edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English consul, from Old English consul, from Latin cōnsul.
Pronunciation edit
- (UK) enPR: kŏnʹsəl, IPA(key): /ˈkɒn.səl/
- (General American) enPR: kŏnʹsəl, IPA(key): /ˈkɑn.səl/
Audio (US) (file) Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɒnsəl
- Hyphenation: con‧sul
Noun edit
consul (plural consuls)
- (historical) Either of the two heads of government and state of the Roman Republic or the equivalent nominal post under the Roman and Byzantine Empires.
- (historical) Any of the three heads of government and state of France between 1799 and 1804.
- (obsolete) A count or earl.
- (obsolete or historical) A councillor, particularly:
- (historical) A member of early modern city councils in southern France and Catalonia.
- (historical) An officer of the trading and merchant companies of early modern England.
- (historical) An official in various early modern port and trading towns, elected by resident foreign merchants to settle disputes among themselves and to represent them to the local authorities.
- (by extension) An official residing in major foreign towns to represent and protect the interests of the merchants and citizens of their country.
- (obsolete) A high government official, generally either a coruler himself or a counsellor directly under the ruler.
- c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:
- Both we will raigne as Conſuls of the earth,
And mightie kings ſhall be our Senators.
- c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], page 312, column 1:
- And many of the Conſuls, rais'd and met,
Are at the Dukes already.
- 1609, The Holie Bible, […] (Douay–Rheims Bible), Doway: Lavrence Kellam, […], →OCLC, Iob 3:14, page 1065:
- With kinges and conſules of the earth, which build themſelves ſolitarie places:
Synonyms edit
- (count): See count
- (councillor): See councillor
- (early modern councilmen of southern France and Catalonia): capitoul (Toulouse)
- (counsellor): See counsellor
Derived terms edit
Derived terms
Related terms edit
Related terms
Translations edit
official who protects the interests of citizens
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either of the two highest-ranking officials of the Roman republic
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See also edit
Anagrams edit
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Dutch consul, from Latin cōnsul.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
consul m (plural consuls)
- consul (official in foreign country)
- (historical) consul (of the Roman Republic)
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Papiamentu: kònsùl
French edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
consul m (plural consuls, feminine consule)
Synonyms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- “consul”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams edit
Latin edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From earlier consol. Root noun to cōnsulō.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈkon.sul/, [ˈkõːs̠ʊɫ̪]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈkon.sul/, [ˈkɔnsul]
Noun edit
cōnsul m (genitive cōnsulis); third declension
- consul: either of the two highest-ranking officials of the Roman republic, elected annually
- 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations[1]:
- O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit?
- "Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. Lives? "
- a proconsul
- the highest magistrate in other states
- an epithet of the god Jupiter
- (Medieval Latin) a municipal official.
Declension edit
Third-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | cōnsul | cōnsulēs |
Genitive | cōnsulis | cōnsulum |
Dative | cōnsulī | cōnsulibus |
Accusative | cōnsulem | cōnsulēs |
Ablative | cōnsule | cōnsulibus |
Vocative | cōnsul | cōnsulēs |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Czech: konšel
- → Old English: consul
- Old Francoprovençal: cóssel, cóssol, cossiel
- → French: consul
- → German: Konsul
- → Italian: console
- Old Occitan: cossel
- Occitan: cossèl
- → Portuguese: cônsul
- → Russian: ко́нсул (kónsul), ко́нсулъ (kónsul)
- → Azerbaijani: konsul
- → Belarusian: ко́нсул (kónsul)
- → Crimean Tatar: konsul
- → Estonian: konsul
- → Georgian: კონსული (ḳonsuli)
- → Kazakh: консул (konsul)
- → Kyrgyz: консул (konsul)
- → Latvian: konsuls
- → Lithuanian: konsulas
- → Mongolian: консул (konsul)
- → Tajik: консул (konsul)
- → Turkmen: konsul
- → Ukrainian: ко́нсул (kónsul)
- → Uzbek: konsul
- → Sicilian: cùnzuli, cùnzulu
- → Spanish: cónsul
- → Swedish: konsul
References edit
- “consul”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “consul”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- consul in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- consul in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to be chosen consul at the elections: comitiis consulem creari
- to elect a consul: consulem creare
- to declare a person consul-elect: aliquem consulem declarare (Leg. Agr. 2. 2. 4)
- to officially proclaim (by the praeco, herald) a man elected consul; to return a man consul: aliquem consulem renuntiare (De Or. 2. 64. 260)
- twice consul: bis consul
- consul for the second, third time: iterum, tertium consul
- consul for the sixth, seventh time: sextum (Pis. 9. 20), septimum consul
- (ambiguous) the augurs announce an unfavourable sign: augures obnuntiant (consuli) (Phil. 2. 33. 83)
- (ambiguous) let the consuls take measures for the protection of the state: videant or dent operam consules, ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat (Catil. 1. 2. 4)
- (ambiguous) to go to Cilicia as pro-consul: pro consule in Ciliciam proficisci
- to be chosen consul at the elections: comitiis consulem creari
- consul in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[3], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
- “consul”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
- “console” in: Alberto Nocentini, Alessandro Parenti, “l'Etimologico — Vocabolario della lingua italiana”, Le Monnier, 2010, →ISBN
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “consulo”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 131
Middle English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old English consul, from Latin cōnsul.
Noun edit
consul (plural consules)
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- “consol, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 25 November 2022.
Norman edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
consul m (plural consuls)
Related terms edit
- consulat (“consulate”)
Old English edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
consul m (nominative plural consulas)
Declension edit
Declension of consul (strong a-stem)
Descendants edit
References edit
- Angus Cameron, Ashley Crandell Amos, Antonette diPaolo Healey, editors (2018), “consul”, in Dictionary of Old English: A to I [4], Toronto: University of Toronto, →OCLC.
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
consul m (plural consuli)
Declension edit
Declension of consul
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) consul | consulul | (niște) consuli | consulii |
genitive/dative | (unui) consul | consulului | (unor) consuli | consulilor |
vocative | consulule | consulilor |
Scots edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English consul, from Old English consul, from Latin cōnsul.
Noun edit
consul (plural consules)
- consul (official residing in major foreign towns to represent and protect the interests of the merchants and citizens of their country)
- Roman consul
References edit
- “consul”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.