consul
EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
consul (plural consuls)
- (historical) Either of the two heads of government and state of the Roman Republic or the equivalent nominal post under the Roman and Byzantine Empires.
- (historical) Any of the three heads of government and state of France between 1799 and 1804.
- (obsolete) A count or earl.
- (obsolete) A councillor, particularly:
- (historical) A member of early modern city councils in southern France and Catalonia.
- (historical) An officer of the trading and merchant companies of early modern England.
- (historical) An official in various early modern port and trading towns, elected by resident foreign merchants to settle disputes among themselves and to represent them to the local authorities.
- (by extension) An official residing in major foreign towns to represent and protect the interests of the merchants and citizens of his or her country.
- (obsolete) A counsellor.
- Shakespeare
- Many of the consuls, raised and met,
Are at the duke's already.
- Many of the consuls, raised and met,
- Bible, Job. iii. 14 (Douay version)
- With kings and consuls of the earth.
- Shakespeare
SynonymsEdit
- (count): See count
- (councillor): See councillor
- (early modern councilmen of southern France and Catalonia): capitoul (Toulouse)
- (counsellor): See counsellor
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
official who protects the interests of citizens
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either of the two highest-ranking officials of the Roman republic
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
AnagramsEdit
DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Dutch consul, from Latin cōnsul.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
consul m (plural consuls)
- consul (official in foreign country)
- (historical) consul (of the Roman Republic)
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
consul m (plural consuls, feminine consule)
SynonymsEdit
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- → Turkish: konsül
Further readingEdit
- “consul” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
AnagramsEdit
LatinEdit
Bas-relief of Flavius Anastasius Paulus Probus Sabinianus Pompeius, consul ad 517, in his robes of office.
Alternative formsEdit
- (in oblique cases): cōnsul. (abbreviation)
EtymologyEdit
From Old Latin consol.[1] Root noun to cōnsulō.[2]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
cōnsul m (genitive cōnsulis); third declension
- consul: either of the two highest-ranking officials of the Roman republic, elected annually
- 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations (Latin text and English translations here)
- O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit?
- "Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. Lives? "
- O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit?
- 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations (Latin text and English translations here)
- a proconsul
- the highest magistrate in other states
- an epithet of the god Jupiter
DeclensionEdit
Third-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | cōnsul | cōnsulēs |
| Genitive | cōnsulis | cōnsulum |
| Dative | cōnsulī | cōnsulibus |
| Accusative | cōnsulem | cōnsulēs |
| Ablative | cōnsule | cōnsulibus |
| Vocative | cōnsul | cōnsulēs |
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- consul in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- consul in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- consul in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
- consul in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to be chosen consul at the elections: comitiis consulem creari
- to elect a consul: consulem creare
- to declare a person consul-elect: aliquem consulem declarare (Leg. Agr. 2. 2. 4)
- to offically proclaim (by the praeco, herald) a man elected consul; to return a man consul: aliquem consulem renuntiare (De Or. 2. 64. 260)
- twice consul: bis consul
- consul for the second, third time: iterum, tertium consul
- consul for the sixth, seventh time: sextum (Pis. 9. 20), septimum consul
- (ambiguous) the augurs announce an unfavourable sign: augures obnuntiant (consuli) (Phil. 2. 33. 83)
- (ambiguous) let the consuls take measures for the protection of the state: videant or dent operam consules, ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat (Catil. 1. 2. 4)
- (ambiguous) to go to Cilicia as pro-consul: pro consule in Ciliciam proficisci
- to be chosen consul at the elections: comitiis consulem creari
- consul in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
- consul in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
- ^ “console” in: Alberto Nocentini, Alessandro Parenti, “l'Etimologico — Vocabolario della lingua italiana”, Le Monnier, 2010, →ISBN
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “consulo”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 131