RomanizationEdit
gana
- Romanization of ᬕᬦ
- Romanization of ᬕᬵᬦ
- Romanization of ᬕᬡ
- Romanization of ᬖᬦ
Bikol CentralEdit
gana
- Soft mutation of kana.
EtymologyEdit
Unknown, maybe related to Gothic *𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*ganan, “to covet”)
PronunciationEdit
gana f (plural ganes)
- hunger (desire for food)
- Synonym: fam
- (especially in the plural) desire to do something
- tenir ganes ― to feel like, fancy (literally, “to have desires”)
Further readingEdit
GamilaraayEditHiligaynonEditLithuanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with Latvian gana (“enough, rather, fairly”), Old Church Slavonic гонѣти (goněti, “to suffice”).
Derksen considers possible a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen-, similar to giñti (“drive, chase”). Possible relatives include Sanskrit घन (ghaná, “dense, thick”), Sanskrit आहनस् (āhanás, “thriving, full”), Old Armenian յոգն (yogn, “plenty”).
|
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Needs to be sorted out. The claimed root means strike (unless there are two homophone roots), the words under consideration mean enough/numerous, and ginti means to chase, but what is the precise etymological and semantic relationship?”
|
ganà
- enough, sufficiently
- Synonyms: pakanka, užtenka, pakankamai, užtektinai
- Aš turiu gana pinigų. ― I have enough money.
- Gana jau, gana! ― Enough already, enough!
- rather, fairly
- Synonyms: gerokai, pakankamai
- Jis gana trumpas. ― He is rather short.
Related termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “gana”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2023
- “gana”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
- Derksen, Rick (2015), “gana”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 163
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “гонезнуть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
Northern SothoEditPapiamentuEditPortugueseEdit
EtymologyEdit
Derived from Salar gan (“blood”).
PronunciationEdit
- (Ili, Yining, Xinjiang) IPA(key): [qɑnɑ]
gana
- (Ili Salar) to bleed
- Synonym: tañna
ReferencesEdit
- Yakup, Abdurishid (2002), “gana”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon, Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 104
SardinianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Borrowed from Spanish gana.
PronunciationEdit
- Hyphenation: ga‧na
-
- IPA(key): /ˈɡana/, [ˈɡa.nɐ]
gana
- appetite; relish for food or drink
- inclination; liking; willingness to do something
- seal; enthusiasm; diligence
- Synonyms: sigla, sigasig
- functioning (of machines)
- salary; wages; income
- Synonyms: kita, suweldo, sahod
- renumeration; reward; compensation
- Synonyms: gantimpagal, bayad, gantimpala
- gain; profit
- Synonyms: tubo, ganansiya, pakinabang
- interest from loans
- Synonyms: tubo, patubo, patong, interes
- tight hold or grip (as of a wrench)
- Synonyms: hapit, kagat
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
- Hyphenation: ga‧na
-
- IPA(key): /ɡaˈna/, [ɡɐˈna]
ganá
- at once; immediately
- Synonyms: agad, kaagad, pagdaka, pagkaraka
PronunciationEdit
gana
- Soft mutation of cana.
WiradhuriEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Compare Ngiyambaa kanaa.
gana
- shoulder
- 1892, James Günther, Grammar and Vocabulary of the Aboriginal Dialect called the Wirradhuri, in John Fraser (ed.), An Australian Language
- Gãnna—the shoulder.
-gana
- to marry, to choose a husband
InflectionEdit
Tone L
|
---|
Infinitive
|
ukugana
|
---|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
---|
Infinitive
|
ukugana
|
ukungagani
|
---|
|
Imperative
|
---|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
---|
Singular
|
gana
|
-gane
|
---|
Plural
|
ganani
|
-ganeni
|
---|
|
Present
|
---|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngiyagana, ngigana
|
engiganayo, engigana
|
ngigana
|
angigani
|
engingagani
|
ngingagani
|
---|
2nd singular
|
uyagana, ugana
|
oganayo, ogana
|
ugana
|
awugani
|
ongagani
|
ungagani
|
---|
1st plural
|
siyagana, sigana
|
esiganayo, esigana
|
sigana
|
asigani
|
esingagani
|
singagani
|
---|
2nd plural
|
niyagana, nigana
|
eniganayo, enigana
|
nigana
|
anigani
|
eningagani
|
ningagani
|
---|
Class 1
|
uyagana, ugana
|
oganayo, ogana
|
egana
|
akagani
|
ongagani
|
engagani
|
---|
Class 2
|
bayagana, bagana
|
abaganayo, abagana
|
begana
|
abagani
|
abangagani
|
bengagani
|
---|
Class 3
|
uyagana, ugana
|
oganayo, ogana
|
ugana
|
awugani
|
ongagani
|
ungagani
|
---|
Class 4
|
iyagana, igana
|
eganayo, egana
|
igana
|
ayigani
|
engagani
|
ingagani
|
---|
Class 5
|
liyagana, ligana
|
eliganayo, eligana
|
ligana
|
aligani
|
elingagani
|
lingagani
|
---|
Class 6
|
ayagana, agana
|
aganayo, agana
|
egana
|
awagani
|
angagani
|
engagani
|
---|
Class 7
|
siyagana, sigana
|
esiganayo, esigana
|
sigana
|
asigani
|
esingagani
|
singagani
|
---|
Class 8
|
ziyagana, zigana
|
eziganayo, ezigana
|
zigana
|
azigani
|
ezingagani
|
zingagani
|
---|
Class 9
|
iyagana, igana
|
eganayo, egana
|
igana
|
ayigani
|
engagani
|
ingagani
|
---|
Class 10
|
ziyagana, zigana
|
eziganayo, ezigana
|
zigana
|
azigani
|
ezingagani
|
zingagani
|
---|
Class 11
|
luyagana, lugana
|
oluganayo, olugana
|
lugana
|
alugani
|
olungagani
|
lungagani
|
---|
Class 14
|
buyagana, bugana
|
obuganayo, obugana
|
bugana
|
abugani
|
obungagani
|
bungagani
|
---|
Class 15
|
kuyagana, kugana
|
okuganayo, okugana
|
kugana
|
akugani
|
okungagani
|
kungagani
|
---|
Class 17
|
kuyagana, kugana
|
okuganayo, okugana
|
kugana
|
akugani
|
okungagani
|
kungagani
|
---|
|
Recent past
|
---|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngiganile, ngiganē
|
engiganile, engiganē
|
ngiganile, ngiganē
|
angigananga
|
engingagananga
|
ngingagananga
|
---|
2nd singular
|
uganile, uganē
|
oganile, oganē
|
uganile, uganē
|
awugananga
|
ongagananga
|
ungagananga
|
---|
1st plural
|
siganile, siganē
|
esiganile, esiganē
|
siganile, siganē
|
asigananga
|
esingagananga
|
singagananga
|
---|
2nd plural
|
niganile, niganē
|
eniganile, eniganē
|
niganile, niganē
|
anigananga
|
eningagananga
|
ningagananga
|
---|
Class 1
|
uganile, uganē
|
oganile, oganē
|
eganile, eganē
|
akagananga
|
ongagananga
|
engagananga
|
---|
Class 2
|
baganile, baganē
|
abaganile, abaganē
|
beganile, beganē
|
abagananga
|
abangagananga
|
bengagananga
|
---|
Class 3
|
uganile, uganē
|
oganile, oganē
|
uganile, uganē
|
awugananga
|
ongagananga
|
ungagananga
|
---|
Class 4
|
iganile, iganē
|
eganile, eganē
|
iganile, iganē
|
ayigananga
|
engagananga
|
ingagananga
|
---|
Class 5
|
liganile, liganē
|
eliganile, eliganē
|
liganile, liganē
|
aligananga
|
elingagananga
|
lingagananga
|
---|
Class 6
|
aganile, aganē
|
aganile, aganē
|
eganile, eganē
|
awagananga
|
angagananga
|
engagananga
|
---|
Class 7
|
siganile, siganē
|
esiganile, esiganē
|
siganile, siganē
|
asigananga
|
esingagananga
|
singagananga
|
---|
Class 8
|
ziganile, ziganē
|
eziganile, eziganē
|
ziganile, ziganē
|
azigananga
|
ezingagananga
|
zingagananga
|
---|
Class 9
|
iganile, iganē
|
eganile, eganē
|
iganile, iganē
|
ayigananga
|
engagananga
|
ingagananga
|
---|
Class 10
|
ziganile, ziganē
|
eziganile, eziganē
|
ziganile, ziganē
|
azigananga
|
ezingagananga
|
zingagananga
|
---|
Class 11
|
luganile, luganē
|
oluganile, oluganē
|
luganile, luganē
|
alugananga
|
olungagananga
|
lungagananga
|
---|
Class 14
|
buganile, buganē
|
obuganile, obuganē
|
buganile, buganē
|
abugananga
|
obungagananga
|
bungagananga
|
---|
Class 15
|
kuganile, kuganē
|
okuganile, okuganē
|
kuganile, kuganē
|
akugananga
|
okungagananga
|
kungagananga
|
---|
Class 17
|
kuganile, kuganē
|
okuganile, okuganē
|
kuganile, kuganē
|
akugananga
|
okungagananga
|
kungagananga
|
---|
|
Remote past
|
---|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngāgana
|
engāgana
|
ngāgana
|
angigananga
|
engingagananga
|
ngingagananga
|
---|
2nd singular
|
wāgana
|
owāgana
|
wāgana
|
awugananga
|
ongagananga
|
ungagananga
|
---|
1st plural
|
sāgana
|
esāgana
|
sāgana
|
asigananga
|
esingagananga
|
singagananga
|
---|
2nd plural
|
nāgana
|
enāgana
|
nāgana
|
anigananga
|
eningagananga
|
ningagananga
|
---|
Class 1
|
wāgana
|
owāgana
|
āgana
|
akagananga
|
ongagananga
|
engagananga
|
---|
Class 2
|
bāgana
|
abāgana
|
bāgana
|
abagananga
|
abangagananga
|
bengagananga
|
---|
Class 3
|
wāgana
|
owāgana
|
wāgana
|
awugananga
|
ongagananga
|
ungagananga
|
---|
Class 4
|
yāgana
|
eyāgana
|
yāgana
|
ayigananga
|
engagananga
|
ingagananga
|
---|
Class 5
|
lāgana
|
elāgana
|
lāgana
|
aligananga
|
elingagananga
|
lingagananga
|
---|
Class 6
|
āgana
|
āgana
|
āgana
|
awagananga
|
angagananga
|
engagananga
|
---|
Class 7
|
sāgana
|
esāgana
|
sāgana
|
asigananga
|
esingagananga
|
singagananga
|
---|
Class 8
|
zāgana
|
ezāgana
|
zāgana
|
azigananga
|
ezingagananga
|
zingagananga
|
---|
Class 9
|
yāgana
|
eyāgana
|
yāgana
|
ayigananga
|
engagananga
|
ingagananga
|
---|
Class 10
|
zāgana
|
ezāgana
|
zāgana
|
azigananga
|
ezingagananga
|
zingagananga
|
---|
Class 11
|
lwāgana
|
olwāgana
|
lwāgana
|
alugananga
|
olungagananga
|
lungagananga
|
---|
Class 14
|
bāgana
|
obāgana
|
bāgana
|
abugananga
|
obungagananga
|
bungagananga
|
---|
Class 15
|
kwāgana
|
okwāgana
|
kwāgana
|
akugananga
|
okungagananga
|
kungagananga
|
---|
Class 17
|
kwāgana
|
okwāgana
|
kwāgana
|
akugananga
|
okungagananga
|
kungagananga
|
---|
|
Potential
|
---|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngingagana
|
—
|
ngingagana
|
ngingegane
|
—
|
ngingegane
|
---|
2nd singular
|
ungagana
|
—
|
ungagana
|
ungegane
|
—
|
ungegane
|
---|
1st plural
|
singagana
|
—
|
singagana
|
singegane
|
—
|
singegane
|
---|
2nd plural
|
ningagana
|
—
|
ningagana
|
ningegane
|
—
|
ningegane
|
---|
Class 1
|
angagana
|
—
|
engagana
|
angegane
|
—
|
engegane
|
---|
Class 2
|
bangagana
|
—
|
bengagana
|
bangegane
|
—
|
bengegane
|
---|
Class 3
|
ungagana
|
—
|
ungagana
|
ungegane
|
—
|
ungegane
|
---|
Class 4
|
ingagana
|
—
|
ingagana
|
ingegane
|
—
|
ingegane
|
---|
Class 5
|
lingagana
|
—
|
lingagana
|
lingegane
|
—
|
lingegane
|
---|
Class 6
|
angagana
|
—
|
engagana
|
angegane
|
—
|
engegane
|
---|
Class 7
|
singagana
|
—
|
singagana
|
singegane
|
—
|
singegane
|
---|
Class 8
|
zingagana
|
—
|
zingagana
|
zingegane
|
—
|
zingegane
|
---|
Class 9
|
ingagana
|
—
|
ingagana
|
ingegane
|
—
|
ingegane
|
---|
Class 10
|
zingagana
|
—
|
zingagana
|
zingegane
|
—
|
zingegane
|
---|
Class 11
|
lungagana
|
—
|
lungagana
|
lungegane
|
—
|
lungegane
|
---|
Class 14
|
bungagana
|
—
|
bungagana
|
bungegane
|
—
|
bungegane
|
---|
Class 15
|
kungagana
|
—
|
kungagana
|
kungegane
|
—
|
kungegane
|
---|
Class 17
|
kungagana
|
—
|
kungagana
|
kungegane
|
—
|
kungegane
|
---|
|
Immediate future
|
---|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngizogana
|
engizogana
|
ngizogana
|
angizugana
|
engingezugana
|
ngingezugana
|
---|
2nd singular
|
uzogana
|
ozogana
|
uzogana
|
awuzugana
|
ongezugana
|
ungezugana
|
---|
1st plural
|
sizogana
|
esizogana
|
sizogana
|
asizugana
|
esingezugana
|
singezugana
|
---|
2nd plural
|
nizogana
|
enizogana
|
nizogana
|
anizugana
|
eningezugana
|
ningezugana
|
---|
Class 1
|
uzogana
|
ozogana
|
ezogana
|
akazugana
|
ongezugana
|
engezugana
|
---|
Class 2
|
bazogana
|
abazogana
|
bezogana
|
abazugana
|
abangezugana
|
bengezugana
|
---|
Class 3
|
uzogana
|
ozogana
|
uzogana
|
awuzugana
|
ongezugana
|
ungezugana
|
---|
Class 4
|
izogana
|
ezogana
|
izogana
|
ayizugana
|
engezugana
|
ingezugana
|
---|
Class 5
|
lizogana
|
elizogana
|
lizogana
|
alizugana
|
elingezugana
|
lingezugana
|
---|
Class 6
|
azogana
|
azogana
|
ezogana
|
awazugana
|
angezugana
|
engezugana
|
---|
Class 7
|
sizogana
|
esizogana
|
sizogana
|
asizugana
|
esingezugana
|
singezugana
|
---|
Class 8
|
zizogana
|
ezizogana
|
zizogana
|
azizugana
|
ezingezugana
|
zingezugana
|
---|
Class 9
|
izogana
|
ezogana
|
izogana
|
ayizugana
|
engezugana
|
ingezugana
|
---|
Class 10
|
zizogana
|
ezizogana
|
zizogana
|
azizugana
|
ezingezugana
|
zingezugana
|
---|
Class 11
|
luzogana
|
oluzogana
|
luzogana
|
aluzugana
|
olungezugana
|
lungezugana
|
---|
Class 14
|
buzogana
|
obuzogana
|
buzogana
|
abuzugana
|
obungezugana
|
bungezugana
|
---|
Class 15
|
kuzogana
|
okuzogana
|
kuzogana
|
akuzugana
|
okungezugana
|
kungezugana
|
---|
Class 17
|
kuzogana
|
okuzogana
|
kuzogana
|
akuzugana
|
okungezugana
|
kungezugana
|
---|
|
Remote future
|
---|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngiyogana
|
engiyogana
|
ngiyogana
|
angiyugana
|
engingeyugana
|
ngingeyugana
|
---|
2nd singular
|
uyogana
|
oyogana
|
uyogana
|
awuyugana
|
ongeyugana
|
ungeyugana
|
---|
1st plural
|
siyogana
|
esiyogana
|
siyogana
|
asiyugana
|
esingeyugana
|
singeyugana
|
---|
2nd plural
|
niyogana
|
eniyogana
|
niyogana
|
aniyugana
|
eningeyugana
|
ningeyugana
|
---|
Class 1
|
uyogana
|
oyogana
|
eyogana
|
akayugana
|
ongeyugana
|
engeyugana
|
---|
Class 2
|
bayogana
|
abayogana
|
beyogana
|
abayugana
|
abangeyugana
|
bengeyugana
|
---|
Class 3
|
uyogana
|
oyogana
|
uyogana
|
awuyugana
|
ongeyugana
|
ungeyugana
|
---|
Class 4
|
iyogana
|
eyogana
|
iyogana
|
ayiyugana
|
engeyugana
|
ingeyugana
|
---|
Class 5
|
liyogana
|
eliyogana
|
liyogana
|
aliyugana
|
elingeyugana
|
lingeyugana
|
---|
Class 6
|
ayogana
|
ayogana
|
eyogana
|
awayugana
|
angeyugana
|
engeyugana
|
---|
Class 7
|
siyogana
|
esiyogana
|
siyogana
|
asiyugana
|
esingeyugana
|
singeyugana
|
---|
Class 8
|
ziyogana
|
eziyogana
|
ziyogana
|
aziyugana
|
ezingeyugana
|
zingeyugana
|
---|
Class 9
|
iyogana
|
eyogana
|
iyogana
|
ayiyugana
|
engeyugana
|
ingeyugana
|
---|
Class 10
|
ziyogana
|
eziyogana
|
ziyogana
|
aziyugana
|
ezingeyugana
|
zingeyugana
|
---|
Class 11
|
luyogana
|
oluyogana
|
luyogana
|
aluyugana
|
olungeyugana
|
lungeyugana
|
---|
Class 14
|
buyogana
|
obuyogana
|
buyogana
|
abuyugana
|
obungeyugana
|
bungeyugana
|
---|
Class 15
|
kuyogana
|
okuyogana
|
kuyogana
|
akuyugana
|
okungeyugana
|
kungeyugana
|
---|
Class 17
|
kuyogana
|
okuyogana
|
kuyogana
|
akuyugana
|
okungeyugana
|
kungeyugana
|
---|
|
Present subjunctive
|
---|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngigane
|
ngingagani
|
---|
2nd singular
|
ugane
|
ungagani
|
---|
1st plural
|
sigane
|
singagani
|
---|
2nd plural
|
nigane
|
ningagani
|
---|
Class 1
|
agane
|
angagani
|
---|
Class 2
|
bagane
|
bangagani
|
---|
Class 3
|
ugane
|
ungagani
|
---|
Class 4
|
igane
|
ingagani
|
---|
Class 5
|
ligane
|
lingagani
|
---|
Class 6
|
agane
|
angagani
|
---|
Class 7
|
sigane
|
singagani
|
---|
Class 8
|
zigane
|
zingagani
|
---|
Class 9
|
igane
|
ingagani
|
---|
Class 10
|
zigane
|
zingagani
|
---|
Class 11
|
lugane
|
lungagani
|
---|
Class 14
|
bugane
|
bungagani
|
---|
Class 15
|
kugane
|
kungagani
|
---|
Class 17
|
kugane
|
kungagani
|
---|
|
Past subjunctive
|
---|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
---|
1st singular
|
ngagana
|
ngangagana, angagana, angangagana
|
---|
2nd singular
|
wagana
|
wangagana, awagana, awangagana
|
---|
1st plural
|
sagana
|
sangagana, asagana, asangagana
|
---|
2nd plural
|
nagana
|
nangagana, anagana, anangagana
|
---|
Class 1
|
wagana
|
wangagana, akagana, akangagana
|
---|
Class 2
|
bagana
|
bangagana, abagana, abangagana
|
---|
Class 3
|
wagana
|
wangagana, awagana, awangagana
|
---|
Class 4
|
yagana
|
yangagana, ayagana, ayangagana
|
---|
Class 5
|
lagana
|
langagana, alagana, alangagana
|
---|
Class 6
|
agana
|
angagana, awagana, awangagana
|
---|
Class 7
|
sagana
|
sangagana, asagana, asangagana
|
---|
Class 8
|
zagana
|
zangagana, azagana, azangagana
|
---|
Class 9
|
yagana
|
yangagana, ayagana, ayangagana
|
---|
Class 10
|
zagana
|
zangagana, azagana, azangagana
|
---|
Class 11
|
lwagana
|
lwangagana, alwagana, alwangagana
|
---|
Class 14
|
bagana
|
bangagana, abagana, abangagana
|
---|
Class 15
|
kwagana
|
kwangagana, akwagana, akwangagana
|
---|
Class 17
|
kwagana
|
kwangagana, akwagana, akwangagana
|
---|
ReferencesEdit