sula
Balinese
editRomanization
editsula
Bikol Central
editPronunciation
editNoun
editsulá (Basahan spelling ᜐᜓᜎ)
Derived terms
editCebuano
editAlternative forms
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editNoun
editsulâ (Badlit spelling ᜐᜓᜎ)
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editInherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sulah.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editsulá (Badlit spelling ᜐᜓᜎ)
Derived terms
editSee also
editDupaningan Agta
editNoun
editsula
Finnish
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Finnic *sula, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *sula, cognate with Estonian sula. More distant cognates include Moksha соламс (solams), Komi-Permyak сывны (syvny), Udmurt сыл-сыл (syl-syl), Hungarian olvad and Southern Khanty тӑтә (tătə).
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editsula (comparative sulempi, superlative sulin)
- molten, melted
- (of bodies of water) not covered in ice, not frozen, thawed
- (intensifier) sheer, pure, outright, utter
- sula mahdottomuus ― an utter impossibility
- se oli sulaa hulluutta ― it was pure madness
Declension
editInflection of sula (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | sula | sulat | |
genitive | sulan | sulien | |
partitive | sulaa | sulia | |
illative | sulaan | suliin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | sula | sulat | |
accusative | nom. | sula | sulat |
gen. | sulan | ||
genitive | sulan | sulien sulain rare | |
partitive | sulaa | sulia | |
inessive | sulassa | sulissa | |
elative | sulasta | sulista | |
illative | sulaan | suliin | |
adessive | sulalla | sulilla | |
ablative | sulalta | sulilta | |
allative | sulalle | sulille | |
essive | sulana | sulina | |
translative | sulaksi | suliksi | |
abessive | sulatta | sulitta | |
instructive | — | sulin | |
comitative | — | suline |
Noun
editsula
- melt, molten material (any molten substance)
- kivisula ― molten rock
- voisula ― molten butter
- (metallurgy) smelt (any of the various liquids or semi-molten solids produced and used during the course of production of metal in a smelting process that involves melting and chemical reduction of metal compounds into purified metal)
Declension
editInflection of sula (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | sula | sulat | |
genitive | sulan | sulien | |
partitive | sulaa | sulia | |
illative | sulaan | suliin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | sula | sulat | |
accusative | nom. | sula | sulat |
gen. | sulan | ||
genitive | sulan | sulien sulain rare | |
partitive | sulaa | sulia | |
inessive | sulassa | sulissa | |
elative | sulasta | sulista | |
illative | sulaan | suliin | |
adessive | sulalla | sulilla | |
ablative | sulalta | sulilta | |
allative | sulalle | sulille | |
essive | sulana | sulina | |
translative | sulaksi | suliksi | |
abessive | sulatta | sulitta | |
instructive | — | sulin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of sula (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “sula”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
editVerb
editsula
- inflection of sulaa:
Anagrams
editIngrian
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Finnic *sula. Cognates include Finnish sula and Estonian sula.
Pronunciation
edit- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈsulɑ/, [ˈs̠uɫɑ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈsulɑ/, [ˈʃuɫɑ]
- Rhymes: -ulɑ
- Hyphenation: su‧la
Adjective
editsula (comparative sulemp)
Declension
editDeclension of sula (type 3/koira, no gradation, gemination) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | sula | sulat |
genitive | sulan | sulliin |
partitive | sullaa | sullia |
illative | sullaa | sullii |
inessive | sulas | sulis |
elative | sulast | sulist |
allative | sulalle | sulille |
adessive | sulal | sulil |
ablative | sulalt | sulilt |
translative | sulaks | suliks |
essive | sulanna, sullaan | sulinna, sulliin |
exessive1) | sulant | sulint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
edit- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈsulɑ/, [ˈs̠uɫɑ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈsulɑ/, [ˈʃuɫɑ]
- Rhymes: -ulɑ
- Hyphenation: su‧la
Verb
editsula
- inflection of sullaa:
References
edit- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 549
Irish
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Old Irish sul (“before”) and the relative particle a. sul is a fused form of the conjunction Old Irish resíu (“before”) and Old Irish ro- (verbal prefix).[1]
Pronunciation
editConjunction
editsula (triggers eclipsis on verbs; takes the dependent form of irregular verbs)
- before
- Téigh sula ndéanfaidh mé é.
- Go before I do it.
- Sula ndearna mé é, tháinig mé amach.
- Before I did it, I went outside.
Usage notes
edit- Not used with the past tense except with some irregular verbs.
Derived terms
edit- sular (used with the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)
References
edit- ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “sul”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Italian
editEtymology
editFrom New Latin, from Old Norse súla.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editsula f (plural sule)
Derived terms
editLatvian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Indo-European *sewh₁-leh₂, from *sewh₁- (“to press”). Direct cognates include Lithuanian sulà (“juice, sap”), Old Prussian sulo (“curdled milk”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *súraH (“intoxicating liquor”).[1]
Pronunciation
editNoun
editsula f (4th declension)
- juice (liquids found in fruits which people can drink)
- ābolu sula ― apple juice
- ogu sula ― berry juice
- dārzeņu sulas ― vegetable juices
- salda sula ― sweet juice
- sulas ekstrakts ― juice extract
- (anatomy) (liquids excreted by certain body organs)
- zarnu sula ― intestinal juice
Declension
editDerived terms
editReferences
edit- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “sula”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 435
Lithuanian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Indo-European *sewh₁-leh₂, from *sewh₁- (“to press”). Direct cognates include Latvian sula (“juice, sap”), Old Prussian sulo (“curdled milk”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *súraH (“intoxicating liquor”).[1]
Pronunciation
editNoun
editsulà f (plural sulõs) stress pattern 4
Declension
editsingular (vienaskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (vardininkas) | sulà | sùlos |
genitive (kilmininkas) | sulõs | sulų̃ |
dative (naudininkas) | sùlai | sulóms |
accusative (galininkas) | sùlą | sulàs |
instrumental (įnagininkas) | sulà | sulomìs |
locative (vietininkas) | sulojè | sulosè |
vocative (šauksmininkas) | sùla | sùlos |
Derived terms
edit- sùltys (“juice”)
References
edit- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “sula”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 435
Ludian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *sula.
Adjective
editsula
Miskito
editNoun
editsula
Northern Sami
editNoun
editsula
Norwegian Nynorsk
editNoun
editsula f
Sranan Tongo
editNoun
editsula
- cataract, rapids
- 1999, Hillary de Bruin, “Liederen uit de praktijk van de duman [Songs from the Winti priest's practice]”, in OSO. Tijdschrift voor Surinaamse taalkunde, letterkunde en geschiedenis[2], Instituut ter Bevordering van de Surinamistiek, →ISSN, page 152:
- Blesi sa kon bogobogo, Masra pramis' m'anga yu, Lek'wan alen a sa wiki, Kraf' den di bribi fu tru, Sula fu seigi, wan dei sa was' kon na gron, now wan tu dropu de spiti, ma sibibusi sa kon
- Blessing will come abundantly / the Lord promised to me and you / like rainfall it will awaken / strengthen those who truly believe / With cataracts of blessing / one day the ground will be awash / now a few droplets are spitting / but the cloudburst will come
Descendants
edit- → Dutch: soela
Swazi
editVerb
edit-súla
Inflection
editThis verb needs an inflection-table template.
Swedish
editEtymology
editFrom Old French sole, from Latin solea.
Pronunciation
edit- Rhymes: -²ʉːla
Noun
editsula c
- a sole of a foot
- Synonym: (more common) fotsula
- a sole of a shoe
- Synonyms: skosula, (insole) innersula, (insole acting as a shoe insert) inläggssula
- a booby (bird of the Sula genus and/or Sulidae family)
Declension
editDeclension of sula | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | sula | sulan | sulor | sulorna |
Genitive | sulas | sulans | sulors | sulornas |
Verb
editsula (present sular, preterite sulade, supine sulat, imperative sula)
Conjugation
editActive | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | sula | sulas | ||
Supine | sulat | sulats | ||
Imperative | sula | — | ||
Imper. plural1 | sulen | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | sular | sulade | sulas | sulades |
Ind. plural1 | sula | sulade | sulas | sulades |
Subjunctive2 | sule | sulade | sules | sulades |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | sulande | |||
Past participle | sulad | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |
References
edit- sula in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- sula in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- sula in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Anagrams
editTagalog
editEtymology 1
editUltimately from Sanskrit चूड (cūḍa, “crest; diadem”).
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈsulaʔ/ [ˈsuː.lɐʔ]
- Rhymes: -ulaʔ
- Syllabification: su‧la
Noun
editsulà (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜎ)
- carbuncle; shiny, bright deep red gem (especially a garnet with a smooth, convex surface)
- Synonym: karbungko
- (pathology) carbuncle (inflamed swelling like a boil)
- glow at the tip of the tongue of some nocturnal reptiles
Etymology 2
editUltimately from Sanskrit शूल (śūla, “lance; pike”). Compare Malay sula (“pointed stick”).
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /suˈlaʔ/ [sʊˈlaʔ]
- Rhymes: -aʔ
- Syllabification: su‧la
Adjective
editsulâ (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜎ)
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “sula”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
- Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016) Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 298
Anagrams
editVeps
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Adjective
editsula
Inflection
editInflection of sula (inflection type 6/kuva) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | sula | ||
genitive sing. | sulan | ||
partitive sing. | sulad | ||
partitive plur. | sulid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | sula | sulad | |
accusative | sulan | sulad | |
genitive | sulan | suliden | |
partitive | sulad | sulid | |
essive-instructive | sulan | sulin | |
translative | sulaks | sulikš | |
inessive | sulas | suliš | |
elative | sulaspäi | sulišpäi | |
illative | sulaha sulha |
sulihe | |
adessive | sulal | sulil | |
ablative | sulalpäi | sulilpäi | |
allative | sulale | sulile | |
abessive | sulata | sulita | |
comitative | sulanke | sulidenke | |
prolative | suladme | sulidme | |
approximative I | sulanno | sulidenno | |
approximative II | sulannoks | sulidennoks | |
egressive | sulannopäi | sulidennopäi | |
terminative I | sulahasai sulhasai |
sulihesai | |
terminative II | sulalesai | sulilesai | |
terminative III | sulassai | — | |
additive I | sulahapäi sulhapäi |
sulihepäi | |
additive II | sulalepäi | sulilepäi |
Derived terms
editReferences
editVotic
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *sula.
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editsula
Inflection
editDeclension of sula (type V/poikõ, no gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | sula | sulad |
genitive | sula | sulijõ, sulii |
partitive | sulla | suliitõ, sulii |
illative | sullasõ, sulla | suliisõ |
inessive | sulaz | suliiz |
elative | sulassõ | suliissõ |
allative | sulalõ | suliilõ |
adessive | sulallõ | suliillõ |
ablative | sulaltõ | suliiltõ |
translative | sulassi | suliissi |
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. |
References
edit- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “sula”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
Xhosa
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
edit-súla
- (transitive) to wipe
Inflection
editThis verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
edit-súla
- (transitive) to dust, to polish, to erase
- (transitive) to delete, to erase
Inflection
editTone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukusula | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukusula | ukungasuli | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | sula | -sule | |||||||
Plural | sulani | -suleni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyasula, ngisula | engisulayo, engisula | ngisula | angisuli | engingasuli | ngingasuli | |||
2nd singular | uyasula, usula | osulayo, osula | usula | awusuli | ongasuli | ungasuli | |||
1st plural | siyasula, sisula | esisulayo, esisula | sisula | asisuli | esingasuli | singasuli | |||
2nd plural | niyasula, nisula | enisulayo, enisula | nisula | anisuli | eningasuli | ningasuli | |||
Class 1 | uyasula, usula | osulayo, osula | esula | akasuli | ongasuli | engasuli | |||
Class 2 | bayasula, basula | abasulayo, abasula | besula | abasuli | abangasuli | bengasuli | |||
Class 3 | uyasula, usula | osulayo, osula | usula | awusuli | ongasuli | ungasuli | |||
Class 4 | iyasula, isula | esulayo, esula | isula | ayisuli | engasuli | ingasuli | |||
Class 5 | liyasula, lisula | elisulayo, elisula | lisula | alisuli | elingasuli | lingasuli | |||
Class 6 | ayasula, asula | asulayo, asula | esula | awasuli | angasuli | engasuli | |||
Class 7 | siyasula, sisula | esisulayo, esisula | sisula | asisuli | esingasuli | singasuli | |||
Class 8 | ziyasula, zisula | ezisulayo, ezisula | zisula | azisuli | ezingasuli | zingasuli | |||
Class 9 | iyasula, isula | esulayo, esula | isula | ayisuli | engasuli | ingasuli | |||
Class 10 | ziyasula, zisula | ezisulayo, ezisula | zisula | azisuli | ezingasuli | zingasuli | |||
Class 11 | luyasula, lusula | olusulayo, olusula | lusula | alusuli | olungasuli | lungasuli | |||
Class 14 | buyasula, busula | obusulayo, obusula | busula | abusuli | obungasuli | bungasuli | |||
Class 15 | kuyasula, kusula | okusulayo, okusula | kusula | akusuli | okungasuli | kungasuli | |||
Class 17 | kuyasula, kusula | okusulayo, okusula | kusula | akusuli | okungasuli | kungasuli | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngisulile, ngisulē | engisulile, engisulē | ngisulile, ngisulē | angisulanga | engingasulanga | ngingasulanga | |||
2nd singular | usulile, usulē | osulile, osulē | usulile, usulē | awusulanga | ongasulanga | ungasulanga | |||
1st plural | sisulile, sisulē | esisulile, esisulē | sisulile, sisulē | asisulanga | esingasulanga | singasulanga | |||
2nd plural | nisulile, nisulē | enisulile, enisulē | nisulile, nisulē | anisulanga | eningasulanga | ningasulanga | |||
Class 1 | usulile, usulē | osulile, osulē | esulile, esulē | akasulanga | ongasulanga | engasulanga | |||
Class 2 | basulile, basulē | abasulile, abasulē | besulile, besulē | abasulanga | abangasulanga | bengasulanga | |||
Class 3 | usulile, usulē | osulile, osulē | usulile, usulē | awusulanga | ongasulanga | ungasulanga | |||
Class 4 | isulile, isulē | esulile, esulē | isulile, isulē | ayisulanga | engasulanga | ingasulanga | |||
Class 5 | lisulile, lisulē | elisulile, elisulē | lisulile, lisulē | alisulanga | elingasulanga | lingasulanga | |||
Class 6 | asulile, asulē | asulile, asulē | esulile, esulē | awasulanga | angasulanga | engasulanga | |||
Class 7 | sisulile, sisulē | esisulile, esisulē | sisulile, sisulē | asisulanga | esingasulanga | singasulanga | |||
Class 8 | zisulile, zisulē | ezisulile, ezisulē | zisulile, zisulē | azisulanga | ezingasulanga | zingasulanga | |||
Class 9 | isulile, isulē | esulile, esulē | isulile, isulē | ayisulanga | engasulanga | ingasulanga | |||
Class 10 | zisulile, zisulē | ezisulile, ezisulē | zisulile, zisulē | azisulanga | ezingasulanga | zingasulanga | |||
Class 11 | lusulile, lusulē | olusulile, olusulē | lusulile, lusulē | alusulanga | olungasulanga | lungasulanga | |||
Class 14 | busulile, busulē | obusulile, obusulē | busulile, busulē | abusulanga | obungasulanga | bungasulanga | |||
Class 15 | kusulile, kusulē | okusulile, okusulē | kusulile, kusulē | akusulanga | okungasulanga | kungasulanga | |||
Class 17 | kusulile, kusulē | okusulile, okusulē | kusulile, kusulē | akusulanga | okungasulanga | kungasulanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāsula | engāsula | ngāsula | angisulanga | engingasulanga | ngingasulanga | |||
2nd singular | wāsula | owāsula | wāsula | awusulanga | ongasulanga | ungasulanga | |||
1st plural | sāsula | esāsula | sāsula | asisulanga | esingasulanga | singasulanga | |||
2nd plural | nāsula | enāsula | nāsula | anisulanga | eningasulanga | ningasulanga | |||
Class 1 | wāsula | owāsula | āsula | akasulanga | ongasulanga | engasulanga | |||
Class 2 | bāsula | abāsula | bāsula | abasulanga | abangasulanga | bengasulanga | |||
Class 3 | wāsula | owāsula | wāsula | awusulanga | ongasulanga | ungasulanga | |||
Class 4 | yāsula | eyāsula | yāsula | ayisulanga | engasulanga | ingasulanga | |||
Class 5 | lāsula | elāsula | lāsula | alisulanga | elingasulanga | lingasulanga | |||
Class 6 | āsula | āsula | āsula | awasulanga | angasulanga | engasulanga | |||
Class 7 | sāsula | esāsula | sāsula | asisulanga | esingasulanga | singasulanga | |||
Class 8 | zāsula | ezāsula | zāsula | azisulanga | ezingasulanga | zingasulanga | |||
Class 9 | yāsula | eyāsula | yāsula | ayisulanga | engasulanga | ingasulanga | |||
Class 10 | zāsula | ezāsula | zāsula | azisulanga | ezingasulanga | zingasulanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāsula | olwāsula | lwāsula | alusulanga | olungasulanga | lungasulanga | |||
Class 14 | bāsula | obāsula | bāsula | abusulanga | obungasulanga | bungasulanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāsula | okwāsula | kwāsula | akusulanga | okungasulanga | kungasulanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāsula | okwāsula | kwāsula | akusulanga | okungasulanga | kungasulanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingasula | — | ngingasula | ngingesule | — | ngingesule | |||
2nd singular | ungasula | — | ungasula | ungesule | — | ungesule | |||
1st plural | singasula | — | singasula | singesule | — | singesule | |||
2nd plural | ningasula | — | ningasula | ningesule | — | ningesule | |||
Class 1 | angasula | — | engasula | angesule | — | engesule | |||
Class 2 | bangasula | — | bengasula | bangesule | — | bengesule | |||
Class 3 | ungasula | — | ungasula | ungesule | — | ungesule | |||
Class 4 | ingasula | — | ingasula | ingesule | — | ingesule | |||
Class 5 | lingasula | — | lingasula | lingesule | — | lingesule | |||
Class 6 | angasula | — | engasula | angesule | — | engesule | |||
Class 7 | singasula | — | singasula | singesule | — | singesule | |||
Class 8 | zingasula | — | zingasula | zingesule | — | zingesule | |||
Class 9 | ingasula | — | ingasula | ingesule | — | ingesule | |||
Class 10 | zingasula | — | zingasula | zingesule | — | zingesule | |||
Class 11 | lungasula | — | lungasula | lungesule | — | lungesule | |||
Class 14 | bungasula | — | bungasula | bungesule | — | bungesule | |||
Class 15 | kungasula | — | kungasula | kungesule | — | kungesule | |||
Class 17 | kungasula | — | kungasula | kungesule | — | kungesule | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizosula | engizosula | ngizosula | angizusula | engingezusula | ngingezusula | |||
2nd singular | uzosula | ozosula | uzosula | awuzusula | ongezusula | ungezusula | |||
1st plural | sizosula | esizosula | sizosula | asizusula | esingezusula | singezusula | |||
2nd plural | nizosula | enizosula | nizosula | anizusula | eningezusula | ningezusula | |||
Class 1 | uzosula | ozosula | ezosula | akazusula | ongezusula | engezusula | |||
Class 2 | bazosula | abazosula | bezosula | abazusula | abangezusula | bengezusula | |||
Class 3 | uzosula | ozosula | uzosula | awuzusula | ongezusula | ungezusula | |||
Class 4 | izosula | ezosula | izosula | ayizusula | engezusula | ingezusula | |||
Class 5 | lizosula | elizosula | lizosula | alizusula | elingezusula | lingezusula | |||
Class 6 | azosula | azosula | ezosula | awazusula | angezusula | engezusula | |||
Class 7 | sizosula | esizosula | sizosula | asizusula | esingezusula | singezusula | |||
Class 8 | zizosula | ezizosula | zizosula | azizusula | ezingezusula | zingezusula | |||
Class 9 | izosula | ezosula | izosula | ayizusula | engezusula | ingezusula | |||
Class 10 | zizosula | ezizosula | zizosula | azizusula | ezingezusula | zingezusula | |||
Class 11 | luzosula | oluzosula | luzosula | aluzusula | olungezusula | lungezusula | |||
Class 14 | buzosula | obuzosula | buzosula | abuzusula | obungezusula | bungezusula | |||
Class 15 | kuzosula | okuzosula | kuzosula | akuzusula | okungezusula | kungezusula | |||
Class 17 | kuzosula | okuzosula | kuzosula | akuzusula | okungezusula | kungezusula | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyosula | engiyosula | ngiyosula | angiyusula | engingeyusula | ngingeyusula | |||
2nd singular | uyosula | oyosula | uyosula | awuyusula | ongeyusula | ungeyusula | |||
1st plural | siyosula | esiyosula | siyosula | asiyusula | esingeyusula | singeyusula | |||
2nd plural | niyosula | eniyosula | niyosula | aniyusula | eningeyusula | ningeyusula | |||
Class 1 | uyosula | oyosula | eyosula | akayusula | ongeyusula | engeyusula | |||
Class 2 | bayosula | abayosula | beyosula | abayusula | abangeyusula | bengeyusula | |||
Class 3 | uyosula | oyosula | uyosula | awuyusula | ongeyusula | ungeyusula | |||
Class 4 | iyosula | eyosula | iyosula | ayiyusula | engeyusula | ingeyusula | |||
Class 5 | liyosula | eliyosula | liyosula | aliyusula | elingeyusula | lingeyusula | |||
Class 6 | ayosula | ayosula | eyosula | awayusula | angeyusula | engeyusula | |||
Class 7 | siyosula | esiyosula | siyosula | asiyusula | esingeyusula | singeyusula | |||
Class 8 | ziyosula | eziyosula | ziyosula | aziyusula | ezingeyusula | zingeyusula | |||
Class 9 | iyosula | eyosula | iyosula | ayiyusula | engeyusula | ingeyusula | |||
Class 10 | ziyosula | eziyosula | ziyosula | aziyusula | ezingeyusula | zingeyusula | |||
Class 11 | luyosula | oluyosula | luyosula | aluyusula | olungeyusula | lungeyusula | |||
Class 14 | buyosula | obuyosula | buyosula | abuyusula | obungeyusula | bungeyusula | |||
Class 15 | kuyosula | okuyosula | kuyosula | akuyusula | okungeyusula | kungeyusula | |||
Class 17 | kuyosula | okuyosula | kuyosula | akuyusula | okungeyusula | kungeyusula | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngisule | ngingasuli | |||||||
2nd singular | usule | ungasuli | |||||||
1st plural | sisule | singasuli | |||||||
2nd plural | nisule | ningasuli | |||||||
Class 1 | asule | angasuli | |||||||
Class 2 | basule | bangasuli | |||||||
Class 3 | usule | ungasuli | |||||||
Class 4 | isule | ingasuli | |||||||
Class 5 | lisule | lingasuli | |||||||
Class 6 | asule | angasuli | |||||||
Class 7 | sisule | singasuli | |||||||
Class 8 | zisule | zingasuli | |||||||
Class 9 | isule | ingasuli | |||||||
Class 10 | zisule | zingasuli | |||||||
Class 11 | lusule | lungasuli | |||||||
Class 14 | busule | bungasuli | |||||||
Class 15 | kusule | kungasuli | |||||||
Class 17 | kusule | kungasuli | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngasula | ngangasula, angasula, angangasula | |||||||
2nd singular | wasula | wangasula, awasula, awangasula | |||||||
1st plural | sasula | sangasula, asasula, asangasula | |||||||
2nd plural | nasula | nangasula, anasula, anangasula | |||||||
Class 1 | wasula | wangasula, akasula, akangasula | |||||||
Class 2 | basula | bangasula, abasula, abangasula | |||||||
Class 3 | wasula | wangasula, awasula, awangasula | |||||||
Class 4 | yasula | yangasula, ayasula, ayangasula | |||||||
Class 5 | lasula | langasula, alasula, alangasula | |||||||
Class 6 | asula | angasula, awasula, awangasula | |||||||
Class 7 | sasula | sangasula, asasula, asangasula | |||||||
Class 8 | zasula | zangasula, azasula, azangasula | |||||||
Class 9 | yasula | yangasula, ayasula, ayangasula | |||||||
Class 10 | zasula | zangasula, azasula, azangasula | |||||||
Class 11 | lwasula | lwangasula, alwasula, alwangasula | |||||||
Class 14 | basula | bangasula, abasula, abangasula | |||||||
Class 15 | kwasula | kwangasula, akwasula, akwangasula | |||||||
Class 17 | kwasula | kwangasula, akwasula, akwangasula |
References
edit- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “sula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “sula (3.9)”
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