sap
English
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Middle English sap, from Old English sæp (“juice, sap”), from Proto-West Germanic *sap (“sap, juice”) (compare Dutch sap, German Saft, Icelandic safi), from Proto-Indo-European *sab-, *sap- (“to taste”) (compare Welsh syb-wydd (“fir”), Latin sapa (“must, new wine”), Russian со́пли (sópli, “snivel”), Old Armenian համ (ham, “taste”), Avestan 𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀 (vi-šāpa, “having poisonous juices”), Sanskrit सबर् (sabar, “juice, nectar”)). More at sage.
The longstanding practice of sapping trees influenced the sense evolution of the military term as trench warfare receded from public conscience.
Noun
editsap (countable and uncountable, plural saps)
- (uncountable) The juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition.
- (uncountable) The sapwood, or alburnum, of a tree.
- Any juice.
- (figurative) Vitality.
- (slang, countable) A naive person; a simpleton.
- Synonyms: milksop, saphead
- Look at the sap mowing our lawn while we pretend our own lawnmower is broken.
- 1997, “Don't Look Down”, in Curtains, performed by Tindersticks:
- She said I'm such a sap, I'm such a jerk / Can't I ever forget the way that we are / Spend all your time with your eyes on the ground / Looking for the stars
Derived terms
editTranslations
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Verb
editsap (third-person singular simple present saps, present participle sapping, simple past and past participle sapped)
- (transitive) To drain, suck or absorb from (tree, etc.).
- (transitive, figurative) To exhaust the vitality of.
Etymology 2
editProbably from sapling.
Noun
editsap (plural saps)
- (countable, US, slang) A short wooden club; a leather-covered hand weapon; a blackjack.
- 1944, William Faulkner, Leigh Brackett, Jules Furthman, The Big Sleep (screenplay)
- I risk my whole future, the hatred of the cops and Eddie Mars' gang. I dodge bullets and eat saps.
- 1944, William Faulkner, Leigh Brackett, Jules Furthman, The Big Sleep (screenplay)
Translations
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Verb
editsap (third-person singular simple present saps, present participle sapping, simple past and past participle sapped)
- (transitive, slang) To strike with a sap (with a blackjack).
- 1944, William Faulkner, Leigh Brackett, Jules Furthman, The Big Sleep (screenplay)
- [A]s he passes the mouth of a narrow alley two men step out quickly. One of them saps Marlowe expertly — they drag him out of sight.
- 1964, Raymond Chandler, Killer in the Rain:
- And when he had me up there he would sap me again and I wouldn't remember anything that happened in between the two sappings.
- 1944, William Faulkner, Leigh Brackett, Jules Furthman, The Big Sleep (screenplay)
Translations
editEtymology 3
editFrom French saper (compare Spanish zapar and Italian zappare) from sape (“sort of scythe”), from Late Latin sappa (“sort of mattock”).
Noun
editsap (plural saps)
- (military) A narrow ditch or trench made from the foremost parallel toward the glacis or covert way of a besieged place by digging under cover of gabions, etc.
Derived terms
editTranslations
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Verb
editsap (third-person singular simple present saps, present participle sapping, simple past and past participle sapped)
- (transitive) To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine; to undermine; to destroy the foundation of.
- 1717, John Dryden [et al.], “(please specify |book=I to XV)”, in Ovid’s Metamorphoses in Fifteen Books. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
- Nor safe their dwellings were, for sapped by floods, / Their houses fell upon their household gods.
- (transitive, military) To pierce with saps.
- (transitive) To make unstable or infirm; to unsettle; to weaken.
- 1850, Alfred Tennyson, Ring, Out, Wild Bells:
- Ring out the grief that saps the mind […]
- (transitive) To gradually weaken.
- to sap one’s conscience
- he saps my energy
- (intransitive) To proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining; to execute saps.
Translations
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Anagrams
editAromanian
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Vulgar Latin *sappō, from Latin sappa. Compare Romanian săpa, sap, French saper, Italian zappare, Sicilian zappari, Spanish zapar, Friulian sapâ, Venetian sapar, Latin sappa.
Verb
editsap first-singular present indicative (past participle sãpatã)
- to dig (with a pick)
Related terms
editSee also
editAzerbaijani
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Turkic *sạp-.
Noun
editsap (definite accusative sapı, plural saplar)
Declension
editDeclension of sap | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | sap |
saplar | ||||||
definite accusative | sapı |
sapları | ||||||
dative | sapa |
saplara | ||||||
locative | sapda |
saplarda | ||||||
ablative | sapdan |
saplardan | ||||||
definite genitive | sapın |
sapların |
Etymology 2
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
editsap (definite accusative sapı, plural saplar)
Declension
editDeclension of sap | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | sap |
saplar | ||||||
definite accusative | sapı |
sapları | ||||||
dative | sapa |
saplara | ||||||
locative | sapda |
saplarda | ||||||
ablative | sapdan |
saplardan | ||||||
definite genitive | sapın |
sapların |
Further reading
edit- “sap” in Obastan.com.
Catalan
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Alternative forms
editEtymology 2
editBack-formation from cepell.
Noun
editsap m (plural saps)
- common heather
- Synonyms: bruguerola, bronsa
Etymology 3
editVerb
editsap
Further reading
edit- “sap” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Dutch
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Dutch sap, from Old Dutch *sap, from Proto-West Germanic *sap.[1]
Pronunciation
editNoun
editsap n (plural sappen, diminutive sapje n)
- juice
- Hyponyms: aalbessensap, appelsap, citroensap, druivensap, sinaasappelsap, vruchtensap
- sap (fluid in plants)
Derived terms
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- ^ J. de Vries & F. de Tollenaere, "Etymologisch Woordenboek", Uitgeverij Het Spectrum, Utrecht, 1986 (14de druk)
Anagrams
editHokkien
editFor pronunciation and definitions of sap – see 圾 (“garbage; rubbish; clod”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 圾). |
For pronunciation and definitions of sap – see 屑 (“bits; scraps; crumbs; fragments; trifling; trivial; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 屑). |
For pronunciation and definitions of sap – see 雪 (“snow; to snow; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 雪). |
For pronunciation and definitions of sap – see 霎 (“instant; moment; short; fleeting; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 霎). |
For pronunciation and definitions of sap – see 歃 (“to drink; to suck; to smear on the mouth; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 歃). |
Kholosi
editEtymology
editNoun
editsap ?
References
edit- Eric Anonby, Hassan Mohebi Bahmani (2014) “Shipwrecked and Landlocked: Kholosi, an Indo-Aryan Language in South-west Iran”, in Cahier de Studia Iranica xx[2], pages 13-36
Middle English
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Old English sæp, from Proto-West Germanic *sap, from Proto-Indo-European *sep-.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editsap (uncountable)
Derived terms
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- “sā̆p(e, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Old English
editPronunciation
editNoun
editsāp f
Polish
editPronunciation
editVerb
editsap
Romani
editEtymology
editFrom Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧 (sappa), from Sanskrit सर्प (sarpá, “snake”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sarpás. Cognate with Punjabi ਸੱਪ (sappa, “snake”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editsap m (plural sapa)
- snake
- Kana sas anθ-o veś, jekh sap dandardǎs man.
- While I was in the woods, a snake bit me.
References
edit- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sap”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 766
- Yaron Matras (2002) “Historical and linguistic origins”, in Romani: A Linguistic Introduction[3], Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 40
- Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “sap, ~a”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス ロマ(ジプシー)語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 154
Romanian
editPronunciation
editVerb
editsap
Tausug
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editsap
Turkish
editEtymology
editFrom Ottoman Turkish صاپ (sap, “handle; stalk; hair”), from Proto-Turkic *sạp (“handle”). Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (sap).
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editsap
- (slang) not having a significant other
Noun
editsap (definite accusative sapı, plural saplar)
Declension
editInflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | sap | |
Definite accusative | sapı | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | sap | saplar |
Definite accusative | sapı | sapları |
Dative | sapa | saplara |
Locative | sapta | saplarda |
Ablative | saptan | saplardan |
Genitive | sapın | sapların |
Veps
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *sappi.
Noun
editsap
Declension
editInflection of sap (inflection type 2/kodi) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | sap | ||
genitive sing. | sapin | ||
partitive sing. | sapid | ||
partitive plur. | sapid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | sap | sapid | |
accusative | sapin | sapid | |
genitive | sapin | sapiden | |
partitive | sapid | sapid | |
essive-instructive | sapin | sapin | |
translative | sapikš | sapikš | |
inessive | sapiš | sapiš | |
elative | sapišpäi | sapišpäi | |
illative | sapihe | sapihe | |
adessive | sapil | sapil | |
ablative | sapilpäi | sapilpäi | |
allative | sapile | sapile | |
abessive | sapita | sapita | |
comitative | sapinke | sapidenke | |
prolative | sapidme | sapidme | |
approximative I | sapinno | sapidenno | |
approximative II | sapinnoks | sapidennoks | |
egressive | sapinnopäi | sapidennopäi | |
terminative I | sapihesai | sapihesai | |
terminative II | sapilesai | sapilesai | |
terminative III | sapissai | — | |
additive I | sapihepäi | sapihepäi | |
additive II | sapilepäi | sapilepäi |
Volapük
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Latin sapiō (“I am wise”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editsap
Zhuang
editPronunciation
edit- (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /θaːp˧˥/
- Tone numbers: sap7
- Hyphenation: sap
Etymology 1
editFrom Proto-Tai *saːpᴰ (“cockroach”). Cognate with Thai สาบ (sàap), Lao ສາບ (sāp), Shan သၢပ်ႇ (sàap), Bouyei saabt.
Noun
editsap (Sawndip form 𫊷, 1957–1982 spelling sap)
Etymology 2
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
editsap (1957–1982 spelling sap)
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/æp
- Rhymes:English/æp/1 syllable
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- English slang
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms with quotations
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- American English
- English terms borrowed from French
- English terms derived from French
- English terms derived from Late Latin
- en:Military
- English intransitive verbs
- en:Liquids
- en:Weapons
- Aromanian terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Aromanian terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Aromanian terms inherited from Latin
- Aromanian terms derived from Latin
- Aromanian lemmas
- Aromanian verbs
- Azerbaijani terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Azerbaijani terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Azerbaijani lemmas
- Azerbaijani nouns
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Catalan/ap
- Rhymes:Catalan/ap/1 syllable
- Catalan back-formations
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan nouns
- Catalan countable nouns
- Catalan masculine nouns
- Catalan non-lemma forms
- Catalan verb forms
- ca:Heather family plants
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑp
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑp/1 syllable
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -en
- Dutch neuter nouns
- nl:Beverages
- nl:Liquids
- Chinese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Hokkien pe̍h-ōe-jī forms
- Chinese nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Chinese adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Chinese verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Chinese proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- Kholosi terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Kholosi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Kholosi lemmas
- Kholosi nouns
- inc-kho:Animals
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Middle English uncountable nouns
- Middle English terms with rare senses
- enm:Botany
- enm:Liquids
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English nouns
- Old English feminine nouns
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/ap
- Rhymes:Polish/ap/1 syllable
- Polish non-lemma forms
- Polish verb forms
- Romani terms inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit
- Romani terms derived from Sauraseni Prakrit
- Romani terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Romani terms derived from Sanskrit
- Romani terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Romani terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Romani lemmas
- Romani nouns
- Romani masculine nouns
- Romani terms with usage examples
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romanian non-lemma forms
- Romanian verb forms
- Tausug terms borrowed from Malay
- Tausug terms derived from Malay
- Tausug terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Tausug/ap
- Rhymes:Tausug/ap/1 syllable
- Tausug lemmas
- Tausug nouns
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish adjectives
- Turkish slang
- Turkish nouns
- Veps terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Veps terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Veps lemmas
- Veps nouns
- Veps kodi-type nominals
- Volapük terms borrowed from Latin
- Volapük terms derived from Latin
- Volapük terms with IPA pronunciation
- Volapük lemmas
- Volapük nouns
- Zhuang terms with IPA pronunciation
- Zhuang 1-syllable words
- Zhuang terms inherited from Proto-Tai
- Zhuang terms derived from Proto-Tai
- Zhuang lemmas
- Zhuang nouns
- Zhuang verbs