傭

See also: 佣

傭	U+50AD, 傭 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50AD

← 催
[U+50AC]

CJK Unified Ideographs

傮 →
[U+50AE]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

傭 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人戈中月 (OILB), four-corner 2022₇, composition ⿰亻庸)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 114, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1007
Dae Jaweon: page 242, character 20
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 214, character 6
Unihan data for U+50AD

Chinese edit

trad.		傭
simp.		佣^*

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 傭

**Small seal script**
s05728

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (用) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
通	*l̥ʰoːŋ
俑	l̥ʰoːŋ, loŋʔ
蓪	*l̥ʰoːŋ
桶	l̥ʰoːŋʔ, l'oːŋʔ
捅	*l̥ʰoːŋʔ
痛	*l̥ʰoːŋs
筩	*l'oːŋ
誦	*ljoŋs
傭	l̥ʰoŋ, loŋ
慵	*ɦljoŋ
鱅	ɦljoŋ, loŋ
滽	*loŋ
墉	*loŋ
鏞	*loŋ
鄘	*loŋ
槦	*loŋ
銿	*loŋ
甬	*loŋʔ
勇	*loŋʔ
涌	*loŋʔ
踊	*loŋʔ
蛹	*loŋʔ
恿	*loŋʔ
慂	*loŋʔ
悀	*loŋʔ
埇	*loŋʔ
踴	*loŋʔ
庸	*loŋ
用	*loŋs
佣	*loŋs

Pronunciation 1 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yōng, yóng (yong¹, yong²)

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄥ, ㄩㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jung⁴, jung²
Gan (Wiktionary): iung⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): iong

(Teochew, Peng'im): iong⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yong
  - Wade–Giles: yung¹
  - Yale: yūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iong
  - Palladius: юн (jun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yóng
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yóng
  - Wade–Giles: yung²
  - Yale: yúng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yong
  - Palladius: юн (jun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ³⁵/

Note: yóng - obsolete.

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jung⁴, jung²
  - Yale: yùhng, yúng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jung⁴, jung²
  - Guangdong Romanization: yung⁴, yung²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ²¹/, /jʊŋ³⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: iung⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iuŋ¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iong
  - Tâi-lô: iong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /iɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: iong⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ioŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: yowng

Rime
Character	傭
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	餘封切
Baxter	yowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/jioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juawŋ/
Li Rong	/ioŋ/
Wang Li	/jĭwoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jung⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*loŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*loŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	傭
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yōng
Middle Chinese	‹ yowng ›
Old Chinese	/*loŋ/
English	hire
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	傭
Reading #	2/2
No.	15444
Phonetic component	用
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	容
Old Chinese	/*loŋ/
Notes	庸轉註字見莊子

Definitions edit

傭

servant; maid
to employ; to hire
^† salary; wages
^† Alternative form of 庸 (“ordinary; mediocre; a kind of tax during the Tang dynasty”)

Compounds edit

Pronunciation 2 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chōng (chong¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cung¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chong
  - Wade–Giles: chʻung¹
  - Yale: chūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chong
  - Palladius: чун (čun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cung¹
  - Yale: chūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: trhjowng

Rime
Character	傭
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	徹 (10)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	丑凶切
Baxter	trhjowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈʰɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈʰioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶʰioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈʰuawŋ/
Li Rong	/ȶʰioŋ/
Wang Li	/ȶʰĭwoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶʰi̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cung¹