庸

Translingual

Han character

庸 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 戈中月 (ILB), four-corner 0022₇, composition ⿸广𬎾)

Derived characters

傭嘃墉嫞慵槦滽牅牗鄘鏞(镛) 鱅(鳙) 鷛(𱊤) 㟾㣑㺎䗤䧡𥡲𦟛

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 347, character 30
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9378
Dae Jaweon: page 658, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 890, character 5
Unihan data for U+5EB8

Chinese

trad.		庸
simp. ^#		庸
2nd round simp.		⿸广用
alternative forms		𠆌 ancient 㐯 ancient

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (用) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
通	*l̥ʰoːŋ
俑	l̥ʰoːŋ, loŋʔ
蓪	*l̥ʰoːŋ
桶	l̥ʰoːŋʔ, l'oːŋʔ
捅	*l̥ʰoːŋʔ
痛	*l̥ʰoːŋs
筩	*l'oːŋ
誦	*ljoŋs
傭	l̥ʰoŋ, loŋ
慵	*ɦljoŋ
鱅	ɦljoŋ, loŋ
滽	*loŋ
墉	*loŋ
鏞	*loŋ
鄘	*loŋ
槦	*loŋ
銿	*loŋ
甬	*loŋʔ
勇	*loŋʔ
涌	*loŋʔ
踊	*loŋʔ
蛹	*loŋʔ
恿	*loŋʔ
慂	*loŋʔ
悀	*loŋʔ
埇	*loŋʔ
踴	*loŋʔ
庸	*loŋ
用	*loŋs
佣	*loŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated semantic 庚 + phonetic 用 (OC *loŋs).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yōng, yóng (yong¹, yong²)

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄥ, ㄩㄥˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jung⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): yuung³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yûng
Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̀ng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): iông / iûⁿ / sông

(Teochew, Peng'im): iong⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶yon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yong
  - Wade–Giles: yung¹
  - Yale: yūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iong
  - Palladius: юн (jun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yóng
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yóng
  - Wade–Giles: yung²
  - Yale: yúng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yong
  - Palladius: юн (jun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jung⁴
  - Yale: yùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yung⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: yuung³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɵŋ²²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yûng
  - Hakka Romanization System: iung^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yûng
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iung^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̀ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iông
  - Tâi-lô: iông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ioong
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ²³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Xiamen): /iɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iûⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: iûnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: viuu
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iũ²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iũ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sông
  - Tâi-lô: sông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: soong
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /sɔŋ²⁴/

Note:

iông - literary;
sông - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: iong⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iông
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ioŋ⁵⁵/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶yon
  - MiniDict: yon^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhion
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦioŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: yowng

Rime
Character	庸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	餘封切
Baxter	yowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/jioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juawŋ/
Li Rong	/ioŋ/
Wang Li	/jĭwoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jung⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*loŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*loŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	庸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yōng
Middle Chinese	‹ yowng ›
Old Chinese	/*loŋ/
English	use; advantage
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	庸
Reading #	1/1
No.	15459
Phonetic component	用
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	容
Old Chinese	/*loŋ/

Definitions

庸

to use; to employ
to need
毋庸置疑 ― wúyōngzhìyí ― to not need to question
contribution; merit
ordinary; common; (by extension) mediocre; inferior
(literary, rhetorical question) how; how can it be that (used in rhetorical questions)
Synonym: 豈／岂 (qǐ)
- 子儀在位，十四年矣；而謀召君者，庸非貳乎？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  子仪在位，十四年矣；而谋召君者，庸非贰乎？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Zǐyí zàiwèi, shísì nián yǐ; ér móu zhào jūn zhě, yōng fēi èr hū? [Pinyin]
  Ziyi held the earldom for fourteen years; those who took measures to call in your lordship, how did they not show a divided allegiance?
a surname

Synonyms

(common): 平 (píng)
(mediocre): 凡 (fán)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “ordinary”): 偉／伟 (wěi) (extraordinary, great)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

庸

(Jōyō kanji)

commonplace

Readings

On (unclassified): よう (yō, Jōyō)
Kun: なみ (nami)、つね (tsune, 庸)、もちいる (mochiiru, 庸いる)

Compounds

Kanji in this term
庸
よう Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) よー [yóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [jo̞ː]

Affix

庸(よう) • (yō)

ordinary; commonplace

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

庸 (eum 용 (yong))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

庸: Hán Nôm readings: dong, dông, dung, giông

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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