犴

犴	U+72B4, 犴 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72B4

Translingual edit

Han character edit

犴 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 大竹一十 (KHMJ), four-corner 4144₀, composition ⿰犭干)

Derived characters edit

𤞿

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 706, character 16
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20250
Dae Jaweon: page 1119, character 8
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1332, character 4
Unihan data for U+72B4

Chinese edit

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (干) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
訐	krads, krads, ked, kad
肝	*kaːn
竿	*kaːn
干	*kaːn
奸	*kaːn
玕	*kaːn
汗	kaːn, ɡaːn, *ɡaːns
迀	*kaːn
忓	kaːn, ɡaːns
鳱	*kaːn
邗	kaːn, ɡaːn
秆	*kaːnʔ
矸	kaːnʔ, kaːns, *ɡaːns
仠	*kaːnʔ
皯	*kaːnʔ
衦	*kaːnʔ
簳	*kaːnʔ
擀	*kaːnʔ
旰	*kaːns
盰	*kaːns
幹	*kaːns
杆	*kaːns
骭	kaːns, ɡraːns
桿	*kaːnʔ
趕	*kaːnʔ
稈	*kaːnʔ
刊	*kʰaːn
靬	kʰaːn, kʰaːns, kreːn, kan
衎	kʰaːnʔ, kʰaːns
犴	ŋaːn, ŋaːns
豻	ŋaːn, ŋaːns, ɦŋaːns, ŋ̊ʰraːn
頇	ŋaːns, hŋaːn, *ŋaːd
岸	*ŋɡaːns
鼾	qʰaːn, ɢaːns
罕	qʰaːnʔ, qʰaːns
焊	qʰaːnʔ, ɡaːns
蔊	*qʰaːnʔ
虷	*ɡaːn
旱	*ɡaːnʔ
皔	*ɡaːnʔ
釬	*ɡaːns
扞	*ɡaːns
閈	*ɡaːns
馯	ɡaːns, kʰraːn
捍	ɡaːns, ɡraːnʔ
悍	*ɡaːns
銲	*ɡaːns
垾	*ɡaːns
駻	*ɡaːns
睅	*ɡʷranʔ
娨	*ɡraːns
飦	*kan
赶	ɡan, ɡʷad
軒	*qʰan
蓒	*qʰan
酐	*qʰaːŋʔ
澣	*ɡʷaːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns) : semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn).

Etymology 1 edit

simp. and trad.		犴
alternative forms		豻𤞿𤟉𤝪

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “are "dog" and "prison" related? Jiyun suggests that the "prison" sense derives from "dog" (which guard the prison). Connection could also arise from 狴犴? Schuessler derives this word from 圄/圉.”

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): àn, hàn (an⁴, han⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄢˋ, ㄏㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngon⁶, hon⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): gān

(Teochew, Peng'im): ngang⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: àn
  - Zhuyin: ㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: àn
  - Wade–Giles: an⁴
  - Yale: àn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ann
  - Palladius: ань (anʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀän⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hàn
  - Wade–Giles: han⁴
  - Yale: hàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hann
  - Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngon⁶, hon⁶
  - Yale: ngohn, hohn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngon⁶, hon⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngon⁶, hon⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔːn²²/, /hɔːn²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gān
  - Tâi-lô: gān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gan
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɡan²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡan⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngang⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngăng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaŋ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: ngan, nganH

Rime
Character	犴	犴
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	俄寒切	五旰切
Baxter	ngan	nganH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɑn/	/ŋɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋɑn/	/ŋɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɑn/	/ŋɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋan/	/ŋan^H/
Li Rong	/ŋɑn/	/ŋɑn^H/
Wang Li	/ŋɑn/	/ŋɑn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋɑn/	/ŋɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	án	àn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngon⁴	ngon⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːn/, /*ŋaːns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	犴	犴
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	3599	3603
Phonetic component	干	干
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	豻	岸
Old Chinese	/*ŋaːn/	/*ŋaːns/
Notes	同豻

Definitions edit

犴

^† a kind of wild dog from northern China
^† jail; prison
a surname

Compounds edit

Etymology 2 edit

simp. and trad.		犴
alternative forms		𤞶

From Manchu ᡴᠠᠨᡩᠠᡥᠠᠨ (kandahan).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hān, àn (han¹, an⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄢ, ㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hon⁴
Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): gang¹ / hang⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hān
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: han
  - Wade–Giles: han¹
  - Yale: hān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: han
  - Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: àn
  - Zhuyin: ㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: àn
  - Wade–Giles: an⁴
  - Yale: àn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ann
  - Palladius: ань (anʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hon⁴
  - Yale: hòhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hon⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: hon⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːn²¹/
Southern Min
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gang¹ / hang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang / hâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ³³/, /haŋ⁵⁵/

Definitions edit

犴

(Northeastern Mandarin) moose; elk
Synonym: 駝鹿／驼鹿 (tuólù)

References edit

“犴”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

犴

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings edit

On (unclassified): かん (kan); がん (gan)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

犴 • (an) (hangeul 안, revised an, McCune–Reischauer an, Yale an)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.