粕

粕 U+7C95, 粕 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7C95 ← 粔 [U+7C94] CJK Unified Ideographs 粖 → [U+7C96]

Translingual

Han character

粕 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 火木竹日 (FDHA), four-corner 9690₀, composition ⿰米白)

1. lees, dregs or sediments left after distilling liquor

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 907, character 30
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26891
• Dae Jaweon: page 1333, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3145, character 7
• Unihan data for U+7C95

Chinese

Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
怕	*pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ
帕	*pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd
粕	*pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
胉	*pʰaːɡ
泊	*baːɡ
箔	*baːɡ
魄	*tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
皕	*prɯɡ
伯	*praːɡ
百	*praːɡ
迫	*praːɡ
敀	*praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
柏	*praːɡ
湐	*praːɡ
拍	*pʰraːɡ
珀	*pʰraːɡ
皛	*pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ
洦	*mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ
白	*braːɡ
帛	*braːɡ
舶	*braːɡ
鮊	*braːɡ
陌	*mbraːɡ
帞	*mbraːɡ
袹	*mbraːɡ
蛨	*mbraːɡ
貊	*mbraːɡ
佰	*mbraːɡ
銆	*mbraːɡ
碧	*praɡ, *preɡ
咟	*ɦmreːɡ

trad.		粕
simp. #		粕

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pò (po⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): pok³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): phok

  (Hailu, HRS): pog

• Eastern Min (BUC): pó̤h / páuk
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): po⁶ / peh⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): phoh / phok / phek

  (Teochew, Peng'im): poh⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pò
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pò
    • Wade–Giles: pʻo⁴
    • Yale: pwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: poh
    • Palladius: по (po)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: pok³
    • Yale: pok
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pok⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: pog³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɔːk̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phok
    • Hakka Romanization System: pog^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pog⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰok̚²/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: pog
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰok⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: pó̤h / páuk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɔʔ²⁴/, /pʰɑuʔ²⁴/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: po⁶
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: peō
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰo¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: po⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰo²¹/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: peh⁶
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: peh
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɛʔ²¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: peh⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɛʔ²/

Note:

• po5 - vernacular;
• peh6 - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phoh
    • Tâi-lô: phoh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phoiq
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /pʰoʔ³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰoʔ⁵/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰɤʔ³²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phok
    • Tâi-lô: phok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phog
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰɔk̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pʰɔk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phek
    • Tâi-lô: phik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pheg
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pʰiɪk̚³²/

Note:

• phoh - colloquial (“dregs; tasteless”);
• phok - literary;
• phek - vernacular (俗).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: poh⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phoh
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰoʔ²/

---

• Middle Chinese: phak

Rime
Character	粕
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	鐸 (104)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	匹各切
Baxter	phak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰwɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰʷɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰuɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰwak̚/
Li Rong	/pʰuɑk̚/
Wang Li	/pʰuɑk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pʰwɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	po
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pok3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰaːɡ/, /*pʰraːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	粕	粕
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	187	205
Phonetic component	白	白
Rime group	鐸	鐸
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	𩔈	拍
Old Chinese	/*pʰaːɡ/	/*pʰraːɡ/

Definitions

粕

1. Used in 糟粕 (zāopò).
2. (Northern Min, Eastern Min, Southern Min) dregs; residue; dross
3. (Mainland China Hokkien) tasteless as if one is chewing dregs (often reduplicated)

Synonyms

• (dregs): 渣滓 (zhāzǐ); (literary) 渣 (zhā)

Compounds

• 糟粕 (zāopò)
• 魚粕 / 鱼粕

References

• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “粕”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 178.

Japanese

Kanji

粕

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: はく (haku)
• Kan-on: はく (haku)
• Kun: かす (kasu, 粕)

Definitions

Kanji in this term
粕
かす Hyōgai
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 粕 – see the following entry.

【かすカス】 [noun] [from 934] 粕, 糟: in sake production, the dregs or lees left over after extracting the liquid from the fermented rice mash [noun] [from 1820] 粕, 糟: (figurative) a scolding, terrible criticism (only used in this sense in the set phrase 粕(かす)を食(く)う, 糟(かす)を食(く)う (kasu o kuu, literally “to eat the dregs”)) Alternative spelling 糟

(This term, 粕, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

粕 • (bak) (hangeul 박, revised bak, McCune–Reischauer pak, Yale pak)

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