渣

渣	U+6E23, 渣 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E23

Translingual

Han character

渣 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水木日一 (EDAM), four-corner 3411₆, composition ⿰氵查 or ⿰氵査)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 634, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17767
Dae Jaweon: page 1041, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1670, character 5
Unihan data for U+6E23

Chinese

trad.		渣
simp. ^#		渣
2nd round simp.		泎

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (且) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
虘	zaːl, zaː
蔖	zlaːl, sʰaːʔ
摣	rnaː, ʔsraː
袓	ʔsjaː, zaʔ
怚	ʔsjaː, ʔsas, *zaʔ
罝	*ʔsjaː
謯	ʔslja, ʔsraːʔ
姐	*ʔsjaːʔ
抯	ʔsljaːʔ, ljaːʔ, *ʔsraː
飷	*ʔsjaːʔ
且	sʰjaːʔ, ʔsa
趄	sʰjaːs, sʰa
笡	*sʰjaːs
查	ʔsraː, zraː, *zraː
柤	*ʔsraː
樝	*ʔsraː
皻	*ʔsraː
渣	*ʔsraː
楂	*zraː
苴	zraː, ʔsa, ʔsaʔ, sʰa
駔	ʔslaːŋʔ, zaːʔ
租	*ʔsaː
蒩	ʔsaː, ʔsaːʔ, *sʰa
祖	*ʔsaːʔ
組	*ʔsaːʔ
珇	*ʔsaːʔ
靻	*ʔsaːʔ
粗	sʰaː, zaːʔ
徂	*zaː
殂	*zaː
麆	zaːʔ, zras
伹	zaːʔ, sʰa
蛆	ʔsa, sʰa
沮	ʔsa, ʔsas, sʰa, zaʔ, *ʔsra
咀	ʔsaʔ, zaʔ
疽	*sʰa
雎	*sʰa
狙	sʰa, sʰas
岨	*sʰa
砠	*sʰa
坥	sʰa, sʰas
刞	*sʰas
覰	*sʰas
覷	*sʰas
跙	*zaʔ
筯	*das
菹	*ʔsra
葅	*ʔsra
阻	ʔsraʔ, ʔsras
俎	*ʔsraʔ
詛	ʔsraʔ, ʔsras
鉏	zra, zraʔ
豠	*zra
鋤	*zra
耡	zra, zras
齟	*zraʔ
助	*zras

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsraː): semantic 氵 + phonetic 查 (OC *ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhā (zha¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄚ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): za¹
Cantonese (Jyutping): zaa¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): châ
Eastern Min (BUC): că
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): che / chee / cha

(Teochew, Peng'im): za¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhā
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jha
  - Wade–Giles: cha¹
  - Yale: jā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ja
  - Palladius: чжа (čža)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhār
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄚㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhar
  - Wade–Giles: cha¹-ʼrh
  - Yale: jār
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jal
  - Palladius: чжар (čžar)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑɻ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: za¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: za
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sa⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zaa¹
  - Yale: jā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: za¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: châ
  - Hakka Romanization System: za^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: za¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sa²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: că
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sa⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: che
  - Tâi-lô: tse
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zef
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡se⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡se³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chee
  - Tâi-lô: tsee
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɛ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha
  - Tâi-lô: tsa
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zaf
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sa³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sa⁴⁴/

Note:

che/chee - vernacular;
cha - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: za¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsa
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sa³³/

Middle Chinese: tsrae

Rime
Character	渣
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	側加切
Baxter	tsrae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃˠa/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃa/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂaɨ/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃa/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃa/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhā
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaa¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsraː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	渣
Reading #	1/1
No.	10388
Phonetic component	且
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	樝
Old Chinese	/*ʔsraː/
Notes	同溠水名又柤滓今字

Definitions

渣

dregs; lees; sediment
fragment; particle; piece; scrap; crumb
蝕到連渣都冇 [Cantonese, trad.]
蚀到连渣都冇 [Cantonese, simp.]
sik⁶ dou³ lin⁴ zaa¹ dou¹ mou⁵ [Jyutping]
Coroded so much that not even a fragment is left.
Alternative form of 喳
Used in transcription of foreign names in Cantonese.
渣打銀行／渣打银行 [Cantonese] ― zaa¹ daa² ngan⁴ hong⁴ [Jyutping] ― Standard Chartered Bank

渣華道／渣华道 [Cantonese] ― zaa¹ waa⁴ dou⁶ [Jyutping] ― Java Road
a surname, Zha

Synonyms

(dregs): 渣滓 (zhāzǐ)
(fragment):

edit

碎屑 (suìxiè)
碎末 (suìmò)

Compounds

人渣 (rénzhā)
嘎嘎渣渣
嘎渣兒 / 嘎渣儿
奶渣
學渣 / 学渣 (xuézhā)
廢渣 / 废渣 (fèizhā)
掉渣 (diàozhā)
殘渣 / 残渣 (cánzhā)
殘渣餘孽 / 残渣余孽 (cánzhāyúniè)
沉渣 (chénzhā)
油渣 (yóuzhā)
油渣子
渣兒 / 渣儿
渣女 (zhānǚ)
渣子
渣滓 (zhāzǐ)
渣男 (zhānán)
滤渣
火山渣 (huǒshānzhā)
煤渣 (méizhā)
熔渣
爐渣 / 炉渣 (lúzhā)
疙渣兒 / 疙渣儿
石渣
礦渣 / 矿渣 (kuàngzhā)
蔗渣 (zhèzhā)
藥渣 / 药渣 (yàozhā)
蠟渣 / 蜡渣
豆渣 (dòuzhā)
豆渣腦筋 / 豆渣脑筋
豆腐渣工程 (dòufuzhā gōngchéng)
酒渣
酒渣鼻 (jiǔzhābí)
鍋渣 / 锅渣
麵包渣 / 面包渣
麻渣

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 渣 – see 鮓 (“of poor quality”). (This character is a variant form of 鮓).

References

“渣”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

渣

(Hyōgai kanji)

dregs

Readings

Go-on: しゃ (sha)
Kan-on: さ (sa)
Kun: おり (ori)、かす (kasu)

Korean

Hanja

渣 (eum 사 (sa))

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Vietnamese

Han character

渣: Hán Nôm readings: tra

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