Translingual
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Glyph origin
edit
|
Old Chinese
|
怕
|
*pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ
|
帕
|
*pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd
|
粕
|
*pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
|
胉
|
*pʰaːɡ
|
泊
|
*baːɡ
|
箔
|
*baːɡ
|
魄
|
*tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
|
皕
|
*prɯɡ
|
伯
|
*praːɡ
|
百
|
*praːɡ
|
迫
|
*praːɡ
|
敀
|
*praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
|
柏
|
*praːɡ
|
湐
|
*praːɡ
|
拍
|
*pʰraːɡ
|
珀
|
*pʰraːɡ
|
皛
|
*pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ
|
洦
|
*mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ
|
白
|
*braːɡ
|
帛
|
*braːɡ
|
舶
|
*braːɡ
|
鮊
|
*braːɡ
|
陌
|
*mbraːɡ
|
帞
|
*mbraːɡ
|
袹
|
*mbraːɡ
|
蛨
|
*mbraːɡ
|
貊
|
*mbraːɡ
|
佰
|
*mbraːɡ
|
銆
|
*mbraːɡ
|
碧
|
*praɡ, *preɡ
|
咟
|
*ɦmreːɡ
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).
Etymology 1
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Cognate with 怖 (OC *pʰaːs) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Kuki-Chin *phoo(k/ŋ) (“to startle; to alarm; to wake up”), whence Mizo phâwk (“to startle; to frighten”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Also compare Proto-Monic *phiic (“to be afraid”), whence Mon ဖေက် (“to fear”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
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- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Pinyin): pà (pa4)
- (Zhuyin): ㄆㄚˋ
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pa4
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): па (pa, III)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): paa3
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): pa1
- Gan (Wiktionary): pa3
- Hakka
- (Sixian, PFS): pha
- (Meixian, Guangdong): pa4
- Jin (Wiktionary): pa3
- Northern Min (KCR): pa̿
- Eastern Min (BUC): pá
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): phàⁿ / phà
- (Teochew, Peng'im): pan3
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): pa4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
Character
|
怕
|
Reading #
|
1/2
|
No.
|
184
|
Phonetic component
|
白
|
Rime group
|
暮
|
Rime subdivision
|
0
|
Corresponding MC rime
|
帊
|
Old Chinese
|
/*pʰraːɡs/
|
Notes
|
怖後出借字
|
Definitions
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怕
- to fear; to be afraid of; to dread
- 不要怕! ― Bùyào pà! ― Don't be afraid!
- 怕針怕血/怕针怕血 [Cantonese] ― paa3 zam1 paa3 hyut3 [Jyutping] ― to fear needles and blood
佢已經怕咗你。 [Cantonese, trad.]
佢已经怕咗你。 [Cantonese, simp.]- keoi5 ji5 ging1 paa3 zo2 nei5. [Jyutping]
- He/she already dreads you
- to worry; to be concerned
- to be unable to withstand
- perhaps; supposedly; fearfully; I'm afraid that
1936, Lu Xun, “關於世界語”, in 倪海曙, editor, 魯迅論語文改革, 時代出版社, published 1949, page 18:
我自己確信,我是贊成世界語的。贊成的時候也早得很,怕有二十年了吧。 [MSC, trad.]
我自己确信,我是赞成世界语的。赞成的时候也早得很,怕有二十年了吧。 [MSC, simp.]- Wǒ zìjǐ quèxìn, wǒ shì zànchéng shìjièyǔ de. Zànchéng de shíhòu yě zǎo dé hěn, pà yǒu èrshí nián le ba. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- (Northern Wu) ugly
- a surname
Synonyms
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- 嚇/吓
- 害怕 (hàipà)
- 忌 (jì) (literary, or in compounds)
- 怕懼/怕惧 (pàjù) (literary)
- 恐懼/恐惧 (kǒngjù)
- 懼怕/惧怕 (jùpà)
- 深怕 (shēnpà)
- 生怕 (shēngpà)
- 生畏 (shēngwèi) (literary)
- 畏怯 (wèiqiè)
- 畏懼/畏惧 (wèijù)
- 驚/惊 (dialectal)
Dialectal synonyms of
害怕 (“to fear; to be afraid of”)
[map]
Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
Classical Chinese
|
懼, 畏, 恐, 怯, 驚, 惶, 悚, 懾, 恇
|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
害怕, 懼怕, 畏懼
|
Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
害怕, 怕
|
Taiwan
|
害怕, 怕
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Harbin
|
害怕, 發毛
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Yantai (Muping)
|
害怕, 怵
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Jinan
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害怕, 怕, 打怵
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Luoyang
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害怕, 怕
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Wanrong
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驚
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Xi'an
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害怕, 怕, 怯火
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Yinchuan
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害怕, 嚇
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Lanzhou
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害怕, 怯, 怯乎, 怯豁
|
Ürümqi
|
害怕
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Wuhan
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嚇不過, 怕
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Chengdu
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害怕, 怕, 虛火, 虛
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Guiyang
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害怕, 怕
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Kunming
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害怕
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Guilin
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怕
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Liuzhou
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慌
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Xuzhou
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嫌怕, 打怵
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Yangzhou
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害怕, 怕, 怕懼, 懼乎
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Nanjing
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嚇怕, 怕
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Hefei
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怕
|
Malaysia
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怕
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Singapore
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怕, 害怕
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Cantonese
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Guangzhou
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驚, 怕, 慌, 窒
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Hong Kong
|
驚, 怕, 慌
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Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)
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狂
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Macau
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驚
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Guangzhou (Panyu)
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驚
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Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)
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慌
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Guangzhou (Conghua)
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驚
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Guangzhou (Zengcheng)
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好怕
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Foshan
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驚, 窒
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Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)
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慌, 怕
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Foshan (Shunde)
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慌
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Foshan (Sanshui)
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慌
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Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)
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慌
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Zhongshan (Shiqi)
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驚
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Zhongshan (Huancheng)
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驚
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Zhongshan (Nanlang)
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驚
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Zhongshan (Xiaolan)
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慌
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Zhongshan (Dongsheng)
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慌
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Zhongshan (Tanbei)
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慌
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Zhongshan (Henglan)
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慌
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Zhongshan (Dongfeng)
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慌
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Zhongshan (Nantou)
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慌
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Zhongshan (Fusha)
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慌
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Zhongshan (Shalang)
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慌
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Zhongshan (Gangkou)
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慌
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Zhongshan (Huangpu)
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慌, 驚
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Zhongshan (Sanjiao)
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狂, 驚
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Zhongshan (Langwang)
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慌, 驚
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Zhongshan (Minzhong)
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慌, 驚
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Zhongshan (Guzhen)
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𢗉
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Zhongshan (Banfu)
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慌, 驚
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Zhongshan (Tanzhou)
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慌, 驚
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Zhuhai (Qianshan)
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驚
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Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)
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驚
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Zhuhai (Doumen)
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驚
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Jiangmen (Baisha)
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驚
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Jiangmen (Xinhui)
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驚
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Taishan
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𢗉
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Kaiping (Chikan)
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𢗉
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Enping (Niujiang)
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𢗉
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Heshan (Yayao)
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慌
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Dongguan
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狂
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Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)
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驚
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Shaoguan
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驚, 窒
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Yunfu
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怕, 驚
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Yangjiang
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𢗉
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Xinyi
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狂
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Lianjiang
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驚
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Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
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驚, 怕
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Singapore (Guangfu)
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驚, 怕
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Gan
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Nanchang
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怕
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Lichuan
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怕
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Hakka
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Meixian
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驚, 怕畏, 畏, 怕
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Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)
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狂
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Dongguan (Qingxi)
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狂
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Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)
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好狂
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Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)
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驚
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Wuhua (Huacheng)
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怕, 驚, 畏
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Heyuan (Bendihua)
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驚
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Wengyuan
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驚
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Liannan
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驚
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Conghua (Lütian)
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狂
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Jiexi
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驚
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Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)
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驚
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Changting
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怕
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Wuping
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怕
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Wuping (Yanqian)
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怕
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Liancheng
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嚇
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Ninghua
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怕
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Ningdu
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怕
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Tonggu (Sandu)
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怕
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Ganzhou (Panlong)
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怕
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Dayu
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怕
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Miaoli (N. Sixian)
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驚
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Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
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驚
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Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
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驚
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Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
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驚
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Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
驚
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Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
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驚
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Hong Kong
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狂, 驚
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Mengshan (Xihe)
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怕
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Luchuan
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狂
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Sabah (Longchuan)
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狂
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Senai (Huiyang)
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狂
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Singkawang
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驚
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Huizhou
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Jixi
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怕, 嚇
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Jin
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Taiyuan
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害怕, 怕
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Xinzhou
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著怕, 怕
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Northern Min
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Jian'ou
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驚, 怕, 怯, 畏
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Jian'ou (Dikou)
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驚
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Songxi
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驚
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Zhenghe
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驚
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Zhenghe (Zhenqian)
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驚
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Jianyang
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驚
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Jianyang (Huangkeng)
|
畏
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Wuyishan
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嚇
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Pucheng (Shibei)
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嚇
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Eastern Min
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Fuzhou
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驚
|
Changle
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驚
|
Lianjiang
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驚
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Fuqing
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驚
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Pingtan
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驚
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Yongtai
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驚
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Minqing
|
驚
|
Gutian
|
驚
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Pingnan
|
驚
|
Luoyuan
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驚
|
Fu'an
|
驚
|
Ningde
|
驚
|
Xiapu
|
驚
|
Zherong
|
驚
|
Shouning
|
驚
|
Zhouning
|
驚
|
Fuding
|
驚
|
Singapore (Fuqing)
|
驚
|
Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
驚, 著驚, 驚惶, 懾, 懾屎, 會攝, 掣
|
Xiamen (Tong'an)
|
驚
|
Quanzhou
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驚, 著驚, 懾, 懾屎, 會攝, 掣
|
Jinjiang
|
驚
|
Nan'an
|
驚
|
Shishi
|
驚
|
Hui'an
|
驚
|
Anxi
|
驚
|
Yongchun
|
驚
|
Dehua
|
驚
|
Zhangzhou
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驚, 著驚, 驚惶, 懾, 會攝, 掣
|
Zhangzhou (Longhai)
|
驚
|
Zhangzhou (Changtai)
|
驚
|
Hua'an
|
驚
|
Nanjing
|
驚
|
Pinghe
|
驚
|
Zhangpu
|
驚
|
Yunxiao
|
驚
|
Zhao'an
|
驚
|
Dongshan
|
驚
|
Kaohsiung
|
驚
|
Yilan
|
驚
|
Changhua (Lukang)
|
驚
|
Taichung
|
驚
|
Taichung (Wuqi)
|
驚惶
|
Tainan
|
驚
|
Taitung
|
驚
|
Hsinchu
|
驚
|
Kinmen
|
驚
|
Penghu (Magong)
|
驚
|
Penang (Hokkien)
|
驚
|
Singapore (Hokkien)
|
驚
|
Manila (Hokkien)
|
驚
|
Longyan
|
嚇
|
Zhangping
|
驚
|
Datian
|
驚
|
Chaozhou
|
驚, 畏
|
Raoping
|
驚
|
Shantou
|
驚
|
Jieyang
|
驚, 畏
|
Haifeng
|
驚
|
Johor Bahru (Teochew)
|
驚
|
Singapore (Teochew)
|
驚
|
Leizhou
|
驚
|
Wenchang
|
驚
|
Haikou
|
驚
|
Qionghai
|
驚
|
Singapore (Hainanese)
|
驚
|
Puxian Min
|
Putian
|
驚
|
Xianyou
|
驚
|
Central Min
|
Yong'an
|
驚
|
Sanyuan
|
驚
|
Shaxian
|
驚
|
Zhongshan Min
|
Shaxi (Longdu)
|
驚
|
Southern Pinghua
|
Nanning (Tingzi)
|
狂, 怕
|
Wu
|
Shanghai
|
怕, 嚇
|
Shanghai (Chongming)
|
嚇
|
Suzhou
|
怕, 嚇
|
Danyang
|
怕
|
Hangzhou
|
怕, 嚇, 慌, 怕慌, 發毛
|
Ningbo
|
怕, 嚇
|
Wenzhou
|
怕, 嚇
|
Jinhua
|
光
|
Xiang
|
Changsha
|
怕, 畏怯
|
Loudi
|
怕
|
Shuangfeng
|
怕
|
- 急 (jí)
- 急眼 (jíyǎn) (colloquial)
- 恐怕 (kǒngpà)
- 患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)
- 愁 (chóu)
- 憂心/忧心 (yōuxīn)
- 憂慮/忧虑 (yōulǜ)
- 懸心/悬心 (xuánxīn)
- 掛心/挂心 (guàxīn)
- 掛礙/挂碍 (guà'ài)
- 揪心 (jiūxīn)
- 擔心/担心 (dānxīn)
- 擔憂/担忧 (dānyōu)
- 燒心/烧心 (shāoxīn) (regional or dated)
- 犯愁 (fànchóu)
- 疑慮/疑虑 (yílǜ)
- 發急/发急 (fājí)
- 發愁/发愁 (fāchóu)
- 發極/发极 (7faq 8jiq) (Wu)
- 著急/着急 (zháojí)
- 起急 (qǐjí) (colloquial)
- 顧慮/顾虑 (gùlǜ)
Dialectal synonyms of
醜 (“ugly”)
[map]
Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
Classical Chinese
|
醜, 媸
|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
醜陋
|
Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
難看, 寒磣, 磣
|
Taiwan
|
難看, 醜
|
Jinan
|
難看, 醜
|
Xi'an
|
難看, 醜, 不心疼
|
Wuhan
|
醜, 不好看
|
Chengdu
|
難看, 醜
|
Yangzhou
|
難看, 醜
|
Hefei
|
難看, 醜, 相壞
|
Singapore
|
難看, 醜
|
Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
難睇, 醜, 醜怪, 樣衰, 醜樣, 肉酸, 核突
|
Hong Kong
|
難睇, 醜, 醜怪, 樣衰, 醜樣, 肉酸, 核突
|
Dongguan
|
難睞
|
Yangjiang
|
惡看, 醜鬼
|
Gan
|
Nanchang
|
不客氣, 難看
|
Hakka
|
Meixian
|
難看, 難睞, 醜, 像鬼
|
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
媸, 醜
|
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
媸, 醜
|
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
媸, 醜
|
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
媸, 醜
|
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
媸, 醜
|
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
䆀
|
Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
難看, 醜
|
Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
驚人, 毛格式, 生得呆
|
Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
驚儂, 驚, 伓好看, 生得呆
|
Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
歹看, 㾀勢
|
Quanzhou
|
兇, 歹看, 㾀勢
|
Jinjiang
|
兇, 歹看, 㾀勢
|
Zhangzhou
|
䆀看, 㾀勢
|
Taipei
|
歹看, 䆀, 䆀材, 㾀, 䆀猴, 㾀勢
|
Kaohsiung
|
歹看
|
Singapore (Hokkien)
|
歹看, 䆀
|
Manila (Hokkien)
|
兇, 歹看, 㾀勢
|
Chaozhou
|
孬睇, 野樣, 䆀
|
Shantou
|
野樣
|
Jieyang
|
野樣
|
Singapore (Teochew)
|
歹睇
|
Wu
|
Shanghai
|
難看, 怕
|
Shanghai (Jiading)
|
怕
|
Shanghai (Songjiang)
|
怕
|
Suzhou
|
難看, 怕
|
Kunshan
|
難看
|
Jiaxing
|
難看
|
Hangzhou
|
難看
|
Ningbo
|
難看
|
Wenzhou
|
難覷, 否好覷, 醜
|
Xiang
|
Changsha
|
醜, 不好看, 不打彩
|
Shuangfeng
|
醜, 不好看
|
Compounds
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Etymology 2
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Pronunciation
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Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
Character
|
怕
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Reading #
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2/2
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No.
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202
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Phonetic component
|
白
|
Rime group
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鐸
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Rime subdivision
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0
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Corresponding MC rime
|
拍
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Old Chinese
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/*pʰraːɡ/
|
Definitions
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怕
- (literary) Alternative form of 泊 (“indifferent to fame or gain”)
Japanese
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怕 (eumhun 두려워할 파 (duryeowohal pa))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
怕 (eumhun 담담할 백 (damdamhal baek))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese
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Han character
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怕: Hán Nôm readings: phạ
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.