請求

See also: 请求

Chinese

		to ask; to invite; please (do sth) to ask; to invite; please (do sth); to treat (to a meal, etc.); to request	to seek; to look for; to request to seek; to look for; to request; to demand; to beseech
trad. (請求)		請	求
simp. (请求)		请	求

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qǐngqiú

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄥˇ ㄑㄧㄡˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cing² kau⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhiáng-khiù
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhéng-kiû

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cian² kiu⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qǐngqiú
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥˇ ㄑㄧㄡˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cǐngcióu
    • Wade–Giles: chʻing³-chʻiu²
    • Yale: chǐng-chyóu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiingchyou
    • Palladius: цинцю (cincju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: cing² kau⁴
    • Yale: chíng kàuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsing² kau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: qing² keo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɪŋ³⁵ kʰɐu̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiáng-khiù
    • Hakka Romanization System: qiang` kiuˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: qiang³ kiu²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯aŋ³¹ kʰi̯u¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhéng-kiû
    • Tâi-lô: tshíng-kiû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhefngkiuu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cian² kiu⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiáⁿ khiû
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰĩã⁵²⁻³⁵ kʰiu⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: tshjengX gjuw

Rime
Character	請	求
Reading #	2/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	清 (121)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	七靜切	巨鳩切
Baxter	tshjengX	gjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰiᴇŋX/	/ɡɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰiɛŋX/	/ɡiu/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰiæŋX/	/ɡiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰiajŋX/	/guw/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰiɛŋX/	/ɡiu/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰĭɛŋX/	/ɡĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰi̯ɛŋX/	/gi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qǐng	qiú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cing2	kau4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]eŋʔ  [ɡ](r)u/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰleŋʔ  ɡu/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	請	求
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qǐng	qiú
Middle Chinese	‹ tshjengX ›	‹ gjuw ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]eŋʔ/	/*[ɡ](r)u/
English	request	seek
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	請	求
Reading #	1/3	1/1
No.	11340	10560
Phonetic component	生	求
Rime group	耕	幽
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	請	𧚍
Old Chinese	/*sʰleŋʔ/	/*ɡu/
Notes		說文作裘古文， 甲文爲蛷初文與裘大異

Verb

請求

1. to ask; to request; to entreat; to beg

   請求輕判／请求轻判  ―  qǐngqiú qīngpàn  ―  to request a lenient sentence

   請求饒命／请求饶命  ―  qǐngqiú ráomìng  ―  to beg to have one's life spared

   請求寬恕／请求宽恕  ―  qǐngqiú kuānshù  ―  to ask for forgiveness

   • 虛閭權渠單于請求和親，病死。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     虚闾权渠单于请求和亲，病死。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE

     Xūlǘquánqú chányú qǐngqiú héqīn, bìngsǐ. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

• 乞丐 (qǐgài) (archaic)
• 乞憐／乞怜 (qǐlián) (to beg for pity)
• 乞求 (qǐqiú)
• 哀告 (āigào)
• 哀求 (āiqiú)
• 央告 (yānggào)
• 央求 (yāngqiú)
• 憑／凭 (píng) (literary)
• 懇求／恳求 (kěnqiú)
• 懇請／恳请 (kěnqǐng)
• 求 (qiú)
• 沽情 (Hokkien)
• 煩請／烦请 (fánqǐng) (honorific, polite)
• 祈求 (qíqiú) (to pray for)
• 祈祝 (qízhù) (literary)
• 祝禱／祝祷 (zhùdǎo) (literary)
• 要求 (yāoqiú)
• 請／请

 

Derived terms

• 請求權／请求权

 

Noun

請求

1. request; requirement; entreatment (Classifier: 個／个 m)
2. (networking) request (message sent over a network to a server)

Synonyms

• (requirement):

• 先決條件／先决条件 (xiānjué tiáojiàn)
• 前提 (qiántí)
• 條件／条件 (tiáojiàn)
• 要求 (yāoqiú)
• 訴求／诉求 (sùqiú)
• 需求 (xūqiú)
• 需要 (xūyào)

 

Derived terms

• 訴訟請求／诉讼请求 (sùsòng qǐngqiú)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
請	求
せい Grade: S	きゅう Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) せーきゅう [sèékyúú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [se̞ːkʲɨː]

Noun

請(せい)求(きゅう) • (seikyū) 

1. a strong request
2. a demand, a claim on the basis of some authority (especially for payment)

Synonyms

• (a strong request): 要望(ようぼう) (yōbō), 要求(ようきゅう) (yōkyū)

Derived terms

• 請求書(せいきゅうしょ) (seikyūsho)
• 要求権(ようきゅうけん) (yōkyūken)

Verb

請(せい)求(きゅう)する • (seikyū suru) suru (stem 請(せい)求(きゅう)し (seikyū shi), past 請(せい)求(きゅう)した (seikyū shita))

1. to make a demand or strong request
2. to make a demand on the basis of some authority, to make a claim

Conjugation

Conjugation of "" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")			seikyū shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")			seikyū shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")			seikyū suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")			seikyū suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")			seikyū sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	¹ ²	¹ ²	seikyū seyo¹ seikyū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive			seikyū sareru
Causative			seikyū saseru seikyū sasu
Potential			seikyū dekiru
Volitional			seikyū shiyō
Negative			seikyū shinai
Negative continuative			seikyū sezu
Formal			seikyū shimasu
Perfective			seikyū shita
Conjunctive			seikyū shite
Hypothetical conditional			seikyū sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
• Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
請	求

Noun

請求 • (cheonggu) (hangeul 청구)

1. Hanja form^? of 청구 (“request”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
請	求

Noun

請求

1. chữ Hán form of thỉnh cầu (“request”).

Verb

請求

1. chữ Hán form of thỉnh cầu (“to request”).