-ий
Mongolian
editEtymology
editFrom Classical Mongolian ᠢ (-i) and ᠡᠢ (-ei).
Pronunciation
edit- IPA(key): /ˈiː/
- Syllabification: ий (1 syllable)
Suffix
edit-ий • (-ii)
- Marks the genitive case in the regular declension after a front vowel stem ending in н (n).
- Forms patronymics.
Alternative forms
editRussian
editAlternative forms
edit- -ій (-ij) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Etymology 1
editBorrowed from Old Church Slavonic -ии (-ii), displaced native *-ей (*-jej) (compare и́ней (ínej) from Proto-Slavic *jьnьjь), from Proto-Slavic *-ьjь.
Suffix
edit-ий • (-ij)
- forms relational and possessive adjectives from nouns describing animals and people: -'s, -ine, -ian
- соба́ка (sobáka, “dog”) + -ий (-ij) → соба́чий (sobáčij, “dog (relational), canine”)
- ры́ба (rýba, “fish”) + -ий (-ij) → ры́бий (rýbij, “fish (relational);”)
- пти́ца (ptíca, “bird”) + -ий (-ij) → пти́чий (ptíčij, “bird (relational); avian”)
- коза́ (kozá, “goat”) + -ий (-ij) → ко́зий (kózij, “goat (relational);”)
- лиса́ (lisá, “fox”) + -ий (-ij) → ли́сий (lísij, “fox (relational); vulpine, foxlike”)
- стару́шка (starúška, “(little) old lady”) + -ий (-ij) → стару́шечий (starúšečij, “anile, like a crone or old lady”)
- ча́йка (čájka, “seagull”) + -ий (-ij) → ча́ячий (čájačij, “seagull (relational); (with irregular -я-)”)
- ко́шка (kóška, “cat”) + -ий (-ij) → коша́чий (košáčij, “cat (relational); , feline”) (with irregular -а́-)
- бог (box, “god”) + -ий (-ij) → бо́жий (bóžij, “god's, divine”)
- деви́ца (devíca, “girl, maiden”) + -ий (-ij) → деви́чий (devíčij, “girl's, girlish”)
- ба́ба (bába, “woman”) + -ий (-ij) → ба́бий (bábij, “women's”) (pejorative or in expressions)
- ребя́та (rebjáta, “children”) + -ий (-ij) → ребя́чий (rebjáčij, “children's; childish”) (with irregular iotation)
Usage notes
edit- This suffix is added particularly to animate nouns, and has the special possessive declension. It triggers the Slavic first palatalization but not (normally) iotation; but see ребя́чий (rebjáčij) from ребя́та (rebjáta), with iotation.
- If added to reducible nouns, the noun assumes the unreduced form.
Declension
editDeclension of -ий (possessive)
| masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ий -ij |
-ье -ʹje |
-ья -ʹja |
-ьи -ʹi | |
| genitive | -ьего -ʹjevo |
-ьей -ʹjej |
-ьих -ʹix | ||
| dative | -ьему -ʹjemu |
-ьей -ʹjej |
-ьим -ʹim | ||
| accusative | animate | -ьего -ʹjevo |
-ье -ʹje |
-ью -ʹju |
-ьих -ʹix |
| inanimate | -ий -ij |
-ьи -ʹi | |||
| instrumental | -ьим -ʹim |
-ьей, -ьею -ʹjej, -ʹjeju |
-ьими -ʹimi | ||
| prepositional | -ьем -ʹjem |
-ьей -ʹjej |
-ьих -ʹix | ||
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editBorrowed from Old Church Slavonic -ыи (-yi), displaced expected -ой (-oj) in unstressed positions, from Proto-Slavic *-ъ + *jь,[1] doublet of -о́й (-ój).
Suffix
edit-ий • (-ij)
- -ed
- одно- (odno-, “one”) + нога́ (nogá, “leg”) + -ий (-ij) → одноно́гий (odnonógij, “one-legged”)
- жёлтый (žóltyj, “yellow”) + -о- (-o-) + брю́хо (brjúxo, “belly”) + -ий (-ij) → желтобрю́хий (želtobrjúxij, “yellow-bellied”)
- без- (bez-, “without”) + лик (lik, “face”) + -ий (-ij) → безли́кий (bezlíkij, “faceless”, literally “no-faced”)
Usage notes
edit- This suffix is a variant of -ый (-yj) used particularly after velars (к г х) due to Russian spelling rules. It is used particularly with two-part compounds, where the second part normally refers to a body part. It does not trigger the Slavic first palatalization.
- These adjectives do have short forms, of accent pattern a.
Declension
edit- for an adjective whose stem ends in к; similarly for г and х
Declension of -кий (short class a)
| masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -кий -kij |
-кое -koje |
-кая -kaja |
-кие -kije | |
| genitive | -кого -kovo |
-кой -koj |
-ких -kix | ||
| dative | -кому -komu |
-кой -koj |
-ким -kim | ||
| accusative | animate | -кого -kovo |
-кое -koje |
-кую -kuju |
-ких -kix |
| inanimate | -кий -kij |
-кие -kije | |||
| instrumental | -ким -kim |
-кой, -кою -koj, -koju |
-кими -kimi | ||
| prepositional | -ком -kom |
-кой -koj |
-ких -kix | ||
| short form | -к -k |
-ко -ko |
-ка -ka |
-ки -ki | |
Derived terms
editEtymology 3
editBorrowed from Old Church Slavonic -ии (-ii), displaced native *-ей (*-jej) (compare и́ней (ínej) from Proto-Slavic *jьnьjь), from Proto-Slavic *-jьjь.
Suffix
edit-ий • (-ij)
- forms adjectives from verbs, verbal nouns and compounds: -ous, -al, etc.
- forms adjectives and adjectival nouns from some nouns referring to people
Usage notes
edit- This suffix is not too common and appears to be formed especially from nouns and verbs ending in д. Unlike the other two suffixes, it triggers iotation.
- Adjectives formed this way tend to have a popular, colloquial flavor.
Declension
edit- for an adjective whose stem ends in ж
Declension of -жий (short class a)
| masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -жий -žij |
-жее -žeje |
-жая -žaja |
-жие -žije | |
| genitive | -жего -ževo |
-жей -žej |
-жих -žix | ||
| dative | -жему -žemu |
-жей -žej |
-жим -žim | ||
| accusative | animate | -жего -ževo |
-жее -žeje |
-жую -žuju |
-жих -žix |
| inanimate | -жий -žij |
-жие -žije | |||
| instrumental | -жим -žim |
-жей, -жею -žej, -žeju |
-жими -žimi | ||
| prepositional | -жем -žem |
-жей -žej |
-жих -žix | ||
| short form | -ж -ž |
-же -že |
-жа -ža |
-жи -ži | |
Derived terms
editEtymology 4
editReanalysis of Latin and New Latin terms suffixed with Latin -um or -ium.
Suffix
edit-ий • (-ij)
Usage notes
edit- Productive in colloquial, humorous, or fictional contexts.
Declension
editDeclension of -ий (possessive)
| masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ий -ij |
-ье -ʹje |
-ья -ʹja |
-ьи -ʹi | |
| genitive | -ьего -ʹjevo |
-ьей -ʹjej |
-ьих -ʹix | ||
| dative | -ьему -ʹjemu |
-ьей -ʹjej |
-ьим -ʹim | ||
| accusative | animate | -ьего -ʹjevo |
-ье -ʹje |
-ью -ʹju |
-ьих -ʹix |
| inanimate | -ий -ij |
-ьи -ʹi | |||
| instrumental | -ьим -ʹim |
-ьей, -ьею -ʹjej, -ʹjeju |
-ьими -ʹimi | ||
| prepositional | -ьем -ʹjem |
-ьей -ʹjej |
-ьих -ʹix | ||
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- ^ Wandl, Florian (2022 November) “Trapped morphology and the rise of the Slavic definite adjective inflection: a reexamination”, in Folia Linguistica, volume 56, number s43-s1, pages 1-2, 15: “[…] the definite adjective inflection of Slavic. This type of inflection arose when a pronoun with the stem *j- attached at the right edge of an adjective. […] cf. nom.sg.m *-ъ-jь/*-ь-jь → *-ъjь/*-ьjь […]”
Ukrainian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Old Ruthenian -ий, -ый, -ій (-ij, -yj, -ij), from Old East Slavic -ии, -ыи (-ii, -yi), from Proto-Slavic *-ъjь, -ьjь and -jьjь.
Suffix
edit-ий • (-yj) m (feminine -а, variant -ій)
- masculine nominative singular adjective ending
- masculine inanimate accusative singular adjective ending
Etymology 2
editThe same as Etymology 1.
Alternative forms
edit- -ій (-ij)
Suffix
edit- -ed
- одно- (odno-, “one”) + око (oko, “eye”) + -ий (-yj) → одноо́кий (odnoókyj, “one-eyed”)
- світлий (svitlyj, “light”) + во́лос (vólos, “hair”) + -ий (-yj) → світловоло́сий (svitlovolósyj, “light-haired”)
- без- (bez-, “without”) + зуб (zub, “tooth”) + -ий (-yj) → беззу́бий (bezzúbyj, “toothless”, literally “no-toothed”)
Usage notes
edit- This suffix is used particularly with two-part compounds, where the second part normally refers to a body part.
- The stress is drawn onto the preceding syllable.
- The suffix has the variant -ій (-ij)
Declension
edit| singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | neuter | feminine | |||
| nominative | -́ий -́yj |
-́е -́e |
-́а -́a |
-́і -́i | |
| genitive | -́ого -́oho |
-́ої -́oji |
-́их -́yx | ||
| dative | -́ому -́omu |
-́ій -́ij |
-́им -́ym | ||
| accusative | animate | -́ого -́oho |
-́е -́e |
-́у -́u |
-́их -́yx |
| inanimate | -́ий -́yj |
-́і -́i | |||
| instrumental | -́им -́ym |
-́ою -́oju |
-́ими -́ymy | ||
| locative | -́ому, -́ім -́omu, -́im |
-́ій -́ij |
-́их -́yx | ||
Derived terms
editUzbek
editSuffix
edit-ий (-iy)
- Cyrillic spelling of -iy
Categories:
- Mongolian terms inherited from Classical Mongolian
- Mongolian terms derived from Classical Mongolian
- Mongolian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Mongolian lemmas
- Mongolian suffixes
- Mongolian genitive suffixes
- Russian terms borrowed from Old Church Slavonic
- Russian terms derived from Old Church Slavonic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian lemmas
- Russian suffixes
- Russian adjective-forming suffixes
- Russian possessive adjectives
- Russian long possessive adjectives
- Russian doublets
- Russian velar-stem stem-stressed adjectives
- Russian adjectives with short forms
- Russian adjectives with short accent pattern a
- Russian sibilant-stem stem-stressed adjectives
- Russian terms derived from Latin
- Russian noun-forming suffixes
- Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Old Ruthenian
- Ukrainian terms derived from Old Ruthenian
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian lemmas
- Ukrainian suffixes
- Ukrainian masculine suffixes
- Ukrainian adjective-forming suffixes
- Ukrainian hard-stem stem-stressed adjectives
- Uzbek lemmas
- Uzbek suffixes
- Uzbek terms in Cyrillic script